UNIT 10 الصف الثالث الثانوى لغة انجليزية شرح مميز

UNIT 10
Vocabulary:

achieve يُحقق cancer السرطان
cure علاج / يعالج diabetes مرض السكري
gradually بالتدريج result نتيجة
specialise يتخصص theory نظرية
amount كمية / مبلغ (من المال) invisible غير مرئي
release يُطلق / إطلاق gain يكتسب / يزداد
regularly بانتظام process (n) عملية
appreciate يُقَدِر research scientist عالم أبحاث
serious illness مرض خطير battery بطارية
anthropologist عالم يدرس علم الإنسان archaeologist عالم آثار
biologist عالم أحياء chemist عالم كيمياء / صيدلي
geographer عالم جغرافيا geologist عالم جيولوجيا
zoologist عالم في علم الحيوان psychologist عالم نفس
geneticist عالم وراثة biochemist عالم كيمياء حيوية
environmental scientist عالم بيئي space scientist عالم فضاء
nuclear scientist عالم نووي physicist عالم فيزياء
specialist متخصص / أخصائي medical laboratory معمل طبي
breakthrough تقدم مفاجئ / انجاز هائل oceanographer عالم في دراسة المحيطات
dissect يُشَرِح dissection تشريح
ambitions طموحات gradual تدريجي
diabetic مصاب بالسكر theoretically من الناحية النظرية / نظرياً
a series of events سلسلة أحداث happen naturally تحدث بشكل طبيعي
alternatives بدائل rainbow قوس قزح
record details يسجل التفاصيل mention يَذكُر
theory of general relativity نظرية النسبية العامة continental drift الجرف القاري (الحركة البطيئة للقارات)
the earth's crust قشرة الأرض penicillin البنسلين
antibiotic مضاد حيوي aids مرض الايدز
Alzheimer's disease مرض الألزهايمر terminal diseases أمراض مميتة
venom سم genetic information معلومات وراثية
generations أجيال blood circulation الدورة الدموية
the solar system النظام الشمسي combine يمزج / يخلط
nutritional value قيمة غذائية disease-free crops محاصيل خالية من الأمراض
combat pollution يكافح التلوث existing diseases الأمراض الموجودة
feed the population يُطعم السكان safe energy طاقة آمنة
food scientist عالم أغذية overcome يتغلب علي
gain weight يزداد في الوزن chemical energy طاقة كيميائية
scientific discovery اكتشاف علمي fame الشهرة
tap حنفية dry/dried/dried يجفف
extra weight وزن زائد epidemic وباء
hospitable كريم الضيافة pot إناء من الفخار أو البلاستيك لزراعة النبات

Words and their antonyms:

regular منتظم irregular غير منتظم
exact دقيق inexact غير دقيق
succeed ينجح fail يفشل
visible مرئي invisible غير مرئي
curable يمكن علاجه incurable لا يمكن علاجه
grateful شاكر / ممتن ungrateful غير ممتن / جاحد
humid رطب arid جاف
accurate دقيق inaccurate غير دقيق
advance يتقدم retreat يقهقر / يتراجع
tasty لذيذ الطعم tasteless بلا طعم
gradually بالتدريج suddenly فجأة
theoretical نظري actual فعلي / واقعي
bitter مرير sweet حلو
doubtful متشكك certain متأكد




Words and their synonyms:

cure علاج treatment / therapy achieve يحقق accomplish / attain
result نتيجة consequence/outcome amount كمية quantity
feed يُطعم nourish infectious معدي contagious
visible مرئي seeable exact دقيق precise / accurate
tasty لذيذ delicious ability قُدرة capacity
sudden مفاجئ abrupt face يواجه confront
fight يكافح / يحارب combat defective معيب / به عيب faulty
despair يأس despondency agreement موافقة consent
cooperate يتعاون collaborate doubtful متشكك skeptical / sceptical

Prepositions & Expressions:

research the causes of يبحث في أسباب ... get together يتقابل
find a cure for يجد علاجا لــ at regular times في أوقات منتظمة
life on other planets الحياة علي الكواكب الأخرى be passed down through تنتقل من خلال
keep up with يساير / يجاري / يواكب test the theory with experiments يختبر النظرية عن طريق التجارب
make their own food تصنع طعامها بنفسها an article about مقالة عن
result in يؤدي إلي result from ينتج من
an explanation for تفسير لـ be careful about حريص بشأن
compare results with يقارن النتائج مع specialize in يتخصص في
become interested in يصبح مهتما بـ remove something from يزيل شيء من
change..from...into... يتغير من..إلي.. be released into the air تنطلق في الهواء
invisible to غير مرئي لـ


Irregular Verbs:

hold/held/held يمسك lay/laid/laid يضع
hurt/hurt/hurt يصيب بأذى lead/led/led يقود
keep/kept/kept يحفظ lean/leant/leant
lean/leaned/leaned يميـل
kneel/knelt/knelt
kneel/kneeled/kneeled يركع leap/leapt/leapt
leap/leaped/leaped يقفز
Derivatives:

Verb Noun Adjective
water يروي waterماء watery مائي / مشبع بالماء
dry يجفف dryness الجفاف dried جاف
release يطلق release انطلاق released منطلق
cure يعالج cure علاج curable يمكن علاجه
curative علاجي
experiment يجري تجربة experiment تجربة experimental تجريبي
diagnose يشخص diagnosis تشخيص diagnostic تشخيصي
specialize يتخصص specialization تخصص
specialist متخصص (للشخص) specialized متخصص
regret يندم / يتأسف regret الندم / الأسف regrettable يؤسف له
prove يثبت / يبرهن proof إثبات / برهان / دليل proven مُبرهن
achieve يحقق achievement تحقيق / انجاز achievable يمكن تحقيقه
sterilize يعقم sterilization التعقيم sterilized معقم


Words that go together


carry out / do / perform experiments يُجري تجربة catch a disease يصاب بمرض
make a discovery يحقق اكتشاف spread diseases ينشر الأمراض
medical care الرعاية الطبية health care الرعاية الصحية
do revision يقوم بالمراجعة develop a theory يُطور نظرية
ever-growing آخذة في الازدياد raise awareness about يزيد الوعي بـ
environmental awareness الوعي البيئي intensive care الرعاية المركزة
serious complications مضاعفات خطيرة potential threat تهديد محتمل
technological progress التقدم التكنولوجي periodic check فحص دوري
growing opposition معارضة متزايدة scientific breakthrough انجاز علمي هائل
crucial factor عامل حاسم negligible amount of كمية ضئيلة من
at regular intervals علي فترات منتظمة



Read the following passage carefully:

Food from the air
Everyone has seen plants growing, but have you ever thought where they get their food? In 1652, a European scientist called Van Helmot asked this question. Like most people, he thought that plants must get their food from soil. However, Van Helmot decided to test the theory with experiments. First, he dried some soil, put it into a pot and weighed it. Next he weighed a small tree, planted it in the pot and added rain water. Then, he watered the soil regularly with rain water.
After five years, he removed the tree from the Pot and weighed it again. He found that the tree had gained a huge amount of weight. When he weighed the soil, however, it was almost exactly the same as it had been five years earlier. Van Helmot thought this was strange, but decided that the extra weight of the tree must have come from the water. He did not realise that there was another invisible food which was feeding his tree.
We now know that plants and trees make their own food. Their leaves are like factories producing everything they need, so that plants can change the energy from the sun into chemical energy. During this process, oxygen and sugar are produced. The oxygen is released back into the air, and the sugar is used by the plant as food.

Definitions:

achieve to succeed in doing something good or getting the result you want
cancer a serious disease in which cells in someone's body grow in a way that is not normal
cure (n) medicine or treatment that can make an injury or illness better
diabetes a disease in which there is too much sugar in your blood
gradually something that happens slowly, over a long time
result something that happens or exists because of something else
specialise to limit most of your study, business, etc., to a particular subject or activity
theory an explanation for something that has not yet been proved to be true
amount how much of something there is
invisible impossible to see
release (v) let go; stop holding something
gain (v) to increase in something
process (n) a series of events or changes that happen naturally
regularly often, at regular times, for example, every day, week or month
Language Notes

• لاحظ أن الصفات تأتي عادة قبل الأسماء ولكن تأتي بعد الكلمات الآتية:
۩ Something / everything / anything / nothing / somebody etc.
●Have you read anything interesting lately?
●Let's go somewhere quiet.

۩ Rise / rose / risen (I) لا يليها مفعول
= (go up, increaseيزداد , , stand up يقف / ينهض , get out of bedيستيقظ )
• Oil prices are rising all the time. يزداد
• Smoke rose from the chimney. يتصاعد
• The sun rises at around 6 a.m. تشرق
۩ rise (n.) زيادة / ارتفاع (increase / increase in wagesزيادة في الأجور )
• There was a sudden rise in temperature yesterday. ارتفاع
• He got a 10% rise last year. زيادة في الأجر

۩ Raise / raised/ raised (T) يليها مفعول
• Raise your hand if you know the answer. يرفــع
• The government does its best to raise the standard of living. يرفع مستوي المعيشــة
• The concert raised a lot of money for cancer research.يجمع
• Raise your voice ارفع صوتك
• raise hopes/ fears/ suspicionsيثير الخوف/الشك ...
• Raise a subject / question / point يطرح للمناقشة موضوع أو نقطة أو يثير تساؤل
۩ Arise / arose / arisen (بدون مفعول) = begin to happen ينشأ / يحدث
• A lot of problems usually arise at work.
۩ Arouse/aroused/ (يليها مفعول) يثيــر(للمشاعر والأحاسيس) / يوقظ
• Her behavior aroused the suspicions يثير شكوك of the police.

•Like = similar to / in the same way as
• He eats like a horse. • He is like a son to me.

• لاحظ استخدام like مع الأفعال الآتية: seem / sound / look / feel / taste
• The garden looks like a jungle. • At last he felt like a real soldier. • It seems like a good idea.
•Like = for example • Things like glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.

•As + job • He works as a doctor.
•Such as = for example • Things such as glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.
• As = because • He didn't come to school as he was ill.
• As = while / when • I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.
• As = though / although • Hard as he studied, he failed the test.
• As for + someone / something بالنسبة لـ
• I am good at English. As for my brother, he is good at geography..
• As of / as from = starting from بداية من(وقت معين)
• As from today, you are in charge of the office.

Words often confused:

۩ factor عامل (جمعها عوامل) ۩ factory مصنع
• The weather could be a crucial factor عامل حاسم in tomorrow's game.
• There is a car factory in our town.

۩ tasty = delicious لذيذ الطعم ۩ tasteful ينُم عن الذوق الرفيع
۩ testy = irritable عصبي / سريع الغضب
• The meal was very tasty.
• She bought tasteful furniture.
• He is a testy person.

۩ pricey = expensive غالي الثمن ۩ priceless = of very great value لا يُقدَر بثمن
• The clothes are beautiful but very pricey.
• A priceless collection of paintings was stolen from the museum.

•Regrettable (شيء ) يؤسف له • His behaviour at the party was very regrettable.
•Regretful شاعر بالندم • He was regretful when he had to leave his old house.

•series سلسلة (أحداث / كتب / أفلام/ اجتماعات) •serious جاد / خطير
• They will hold a series of meetings over the next few weeks.
• The government is trying to solve the serious problem of unemployment.


Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1. The (result – outlet – insult – revolt) of the experiment surprised everyone.
2. You will never (relieve – approve – achieve – believe) very much if you do not work hard.
3. At school, students learn many subjects, but when they get to university, they usually (realize – economize – specialize – symbolize).
4. Scientists often do experiments to prove a particular (theory – habit – custom – tradition).
5. I found playing the guitar very difficult at first, but in the last two weeks I've (artificially – brutally - gradually – cheerfully) improved.
6. People who have (diagnosis – diabetes – dialects – diary) must be very careful about what they eat.
7. There are some sports where it is good to (earn – win – defeat – gain) weight, rather than lose it.
8. Farmers water their crops (regularly – bitterly – disorderly – formerly) to make sure they grow well.
9. The little boy who was hiding behind the door thought he was (divisible – edible – legible – invisible), but you could just see the top of his head.
10. If you don't turn the taps off, you can waste a huge (number - amount – account – discount) of water in a short time.
11. Leaves falling from trees in the autumn is a completely natural (excess – business – process – pretence).
12. She has been (diabetic – athletic – allergic - sympathetic) since she was a child. There is too much sugar in her blood.
13. His greatest (agreement – arrangement –achievement - discouragement) was becoming the captain of the national team when he was 16.
14. There was a (manual – punctual – spiritual -gradual) improvement in her schoolwork.
15. My doctor didn't know what was wrong with me, so he sent me to see a (geologist – specialist – physicist – zoologist).
16. (Artistically – Atomically – Theoretically - Historically), anyone can travel to the moon.
17. To (attach – attribute – challenge – achieve) is to succeed in doing something.
18. A/An (theory – practice – experience - experiment) is an explanation for something that has not yet been proved to be true.
19. A/An (operation – experiment – process - illness) is a series of events or changes that happen naturally.
20. (Fever – Paralysis – Flu – Cancer) is a serious disease in which cells in someone's body grow in a way that is not normal.
21. Something which is (compatible – invisible – audible - flexible) is impossible to see.
22. (Gradually – Actually – Mutually - Individually) means something that happens slowly, over a long time.
23. A/An (cause – reason - result - explanation) is something that happens or exists because of something else.
24. To (nationalize – terrorize – sterilize - specialize) is to limit most of your study, business, etc., to a particular subject or activity.
25. An/A (amount – number – equal - extract) means how much of something there is.
26. To (please – decrease – increase - release) means to stop holding something.
27. She gave a (supplies - series – process – service) of lectures at Cairo University.
28. The balloon (raised – aroused - rose – arose) gently in the air.
29. Her parents died when she was a baby and she was (rose – aroused – arose raised) by her grandparents.
30. (As – Like – So – If) it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.
31. I've been working all day, but I feel as if I've (attracted – attended - achieved – attempted) nothing.
32. (Gradually – Mathematically – Electrically – Archaeologically), she realized that he wasn't telling her the truth.
33. Some scientists still believe in Darwin's (function - theory – diary – delivery) of evolution.
34. I enjoy working in general medicine, but I hope to be able to (characterize – destabilize – specialize – familiarize) in the future.
35. His broken leg is the direct (result – series – process – sequence) of his own carelessness.
36. These bacteria are (visible – feasible – practical – invisible) unless viewed with a microscope.
37. I (won – took – did – gained) a lot of weight while I was on holiday.
38. They suspected that she had killed him but they could never actually (improve – deprive – prune – prove) that it was her.
39. She was arrested for shoplifting but was (released – based – chased – cheated) on bail.
40. A (clue – cube – pure - cure) has not been found for this disease yet.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Do you come here regularity? –No, I've only been here once before.
2- The scientist decided to test the theory with experiences.
3- How much do you weight?
4- As most people, he thought that plants get their food from soil.
5- These trees grow well in a sandy cell.
6- He planted a small tree in a put.
7- He proved the old wallpaper and filled the holes in the walls.
8- John has earned a lot of weight recently.
9- He paid regular numbers of money to a charity.
10- The company holds burglar meetings with employees.
11- His height was the like as it had been five years earlier.
12- Using a telescope, Galileo discovered stars that were indivisible to the naked eye.
13- Ageing is the natural recess of getting old.
14- Carbon stored in trees is pleased as carbon dioxide.
15- This restaurant realizes in seafood.


.

I wish / If only

• يستخدم الماضي البسيط بعد I wish / If only للتعبير عن موقف غير حقيقي في المضارع
•I wish I knew. = I don't know.
•I wish you had time. = You don't have time.
•I wish the teacher did something to solve the problem.
= The teacher doesn't do anything to solve…
• If only I lived in a quiet place. = I live in a noisy place.
•I wish I knew Paul's phone number. = I don't know it.

• I have to work hard.
= I wish I didn't have to work hard.
• There are a lot of people in this place.
= If only there weren't many people in this place.
• يستخدم الماضي التام بعد I wish / If only في حالة التعبير عن موقف في الماضي :
• I failed the Chemistry test.
If only I hadn't failed the Chemistry test.
•I didn't know that Gary was ill.
I wish I had known that Gary was ill.
•I feel sick. I ate so much cake yesterday.
I feel sick. If only I hadn't eaten so much cake yesterday.
•I didn't apply for that job.
I wish I had applied for that job.
•The weather was cold while we were away.
I wish it (was - were - had been - would be) warmer.


• في حالة وجود فعل آخر مع I wish / If only في الماضي :
• If only she hadn't told the police, everything would have been all right.
• I wish he hadn't wasted all his money. He would have bought a new house.
• في حالة وجود فعل مضاف له ing بعد regret نستخدم الماضي التام بعد I wish :
•I regret not studying hard.
= I wish I had studied hard.
• في حالة التعبير عن المستقبل تستخدم could + inf مع كل الضمائر ويمكن استخدام would مع she / he / you / they / it
• I wish I could ride a horse.
• I wish he would visit me next week.
• If only I could visit Honolulu next year.

• wish to + inf. = want to
•I wish to see the manager, please.
•If you wish to reserve a table, please telephone after 5 o’clock.

•Hope + فاعل + future simple / present simple
•I hope she comes tomorrow.
OR: I hope she will come tomorrow.

Wish … + n. (wish someone something)
•I wish you a speedy recovery. •I wish you good luck.
•I wish you a happy life.
Choose the correct answer:
1. I don't have a washing machine. I wish I (have – am having – had – had had) one.
2. He wished he (had studied – was studying – has been studying – studied) medicine at university 5 years ago.
3. They wish they (can – shall – could – should) speak French.
4. She wishes she (has had – had – will have – can have) more time.
5. She wishes she (listens – is listening – would listen – had listened) to the teacher's advice last year.
6. If only I (hadn't forgotten – didn't forget – wouldn't forget – hasn't forgotten) where I put my mobile phone yesterday.
7. Leila wishes she (will – should – could – may) read faster.
8. I'm really tired this morning. I wish I (slept – was sleeping – had slept – could sleep) more last night.
9. Ali wishes he (might – ought to – has to - could) come to the party, but he is not feeling well.
10. I wish I (don't lend - had not lent – couldn't lend – haven't lent) her my dictionary. I found two pages missing.
11. I wish I (don't fall – couldn't fall - hadn't fallen - fell) off my bike. I broke my leg.
12. I wish I (hadn't driven – didn't drive – haven't drive – couldn't drive) so fast. I had a terrible accident.
13. If only I (do – did – had done – have done) more revision this year. I got very bad marks in the exam.
14. I just wish I (worked – had worked – work – had been working) harder last year. I would have earned more money.
15. I wish there (is – has been - were – to be) something I was really interested in.
16. They wish they (hadn't spent – didn't spend – haven't spent – weren't spent) all their money in the holidays last year.
17. I wish I (know – have known – were knowing – knew) where my friends were.
18. He wishes he (is - was – will be – may be) better at sport.
19. She wishes she (had remembered – remembers – has remembered – was remembering) to phone her parents to say she was going to be late.
20. I wish I (didn't say – wouldn't say – couldn't say - hadn't said) those things yesterday. My friend was really upset.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1. Ali wishes he may see his friends at the party tomorrow.
2. If only I stay in my last job. My current job is so boring.
3. I wish shops here deliver. You have to go and get everything by yourself.
4. If only you rolled up the carpet before painting the ceiling. Now you need to buy a new one.
5. I wish I went to the movie with you last night.
6. I wish I had yesterday off. I'd have gone swimming.
7. I wish I am in Alexandria now.
8. I wish I have time to watch TV, but I am so busy.
9. I hope I had time to watch TV tonight.
10. If only I apply for that job a year ago.
11. I wish I am old enough to vote. I am still 15.
12. The boss wishes speaking to you right now.
13. If only I can go with you tonight, but my parents won't let me.
14. I wish I don't listen to him. He only wasted my time.
15. I wish I may travel to London next year.


Passive questions

 نحول السؤال إلى جملة  نحول الجملة إلى passive ثم إلى صيغة سؤال
 Did the storm damage the crops?
•The storm damaged the crops.
•The crops were damaged by the storm.
• Were the crops damaged by the storm?
 أو نتبع القواعد الآتيــة:
 إذا كان السؤال يبدأ بـ do / does
•am/is/are + obj. + PP. + by + الفاعل

Does this company employ many people?
Are many people employed by this company?
إذا كان السؤال يبدأ بـ did

•Was/Were + obj. + PP.

Did they attack the enemy? •Was the enemy attacked?
 Where did she keep the books? •Where were the books kept?

• Present Continuous: في حالة المضارع المستمر
Am / Is / Are + obj.+ being + PP.

Are they interviewing the applicants?
•Are the applicants being interviewed?
Why are they carrying out this project?
•Why is this project being carried out?

• Past Continuous: في حالة الماضي المستمر
Was / Were + obj. + being +PP.

• Was she mending the bike? Was the bike being mended?

• Present Perfect في حالة المضارع التام
Have/Has + obj. + been + PP.

Has she washed the dishes?
•Have the dishes been washed?

• Past Perfect: في حالة الماضي التام
Had + obj. + been + PP.

When had Sarah finished the report?
When had the report been finished?

•Modal Verbs (في حالة الأفعال الناقصة)
Will/Can/May/Should….+ obj. + be + PP.

 When will they reduce traffic congestion?
•When will traffic congestion be reduced?
 How much should they pay for the house?
How much should be paid for the house?
 في حالة وجود Who ، تستخدم by في نهاية السؤال المبني للمجهول
 Who discovered this island?
•Who was this island discovered by?
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1-Why didn't I informed me of the change of plan?
2-Have my letters posted?
3-When were the ancient Egyptians build the Pyramids?
4-Why have they never been sent her a reply?
5-What is doing to reduce pollution?
6-Am I have to pay this bill?
7- What time will the meeting hold?
8- When were they send the e-mail?
9- How much paid for this suit?
10- Why did the match cancelled?

Test on Unit 10

A- Language Functions
1- Respond to the following situations:
1- A friend is looking worried. You want to know why. What do you ask?
2- Someone asks if you had a good holiday. You enjoyed your holiday, but the weather was not very good. This was a disappointment.
3- A friend asks what subject you would like to be better at.
4- Someone asks you about a school trip you went on. You learnt a lot, but you did not take as many photos as you had planned to.

2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues:
1- A: Where can I find the dictionaries?
B: They are on the top shelf over there.
A: Can I borrow this one?
B: No, you can use it here only.

2- A: How much is this vacuum cleaner?
B: It's 2000 pounds.
A: OK. I'll buy it.

B- Vocabulary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer:
1- She spent a considerable (mount – count – discount – amount) of money on clothes.
2- I have been working all day , but I feel as if I have (chained - achieved – charged – challenged) nothing.
3- (Diabetic – Parasitic – Aquatic - Gigantic) patients sometimes go into a coma.
4- (Annually – Manually – Gradually – Punctually), she realized that he wasn't telling her the truth.
5- The (ends - results – faults – salts) of the opinion poll showed that most women supported this action.
6- She's hired a lawyer who (vaporizes – sympathizes – summarizes – specializes) in divorce cases
7- I've asked my neighbour to (water – alter – barter – enter) the plants while I'm away.
8- You should check the plant for any (impossible – incredible - visible – admirable) signs of disease.
9- He is short. He wishes he (has been – had been – were – is) taller.
10- I wish I (know – knew – have known – was knowing) where my keys were.
11- I wish I (read – have read – was reading – had read) the exam questions more carefully yesterday.
12- I wish you (didn't waste – haven't wasted – wouldn't waste – hadn't wasted) so much time last year.
13- I wish I (could – may – should –can) play the piano.
14- They hope (visiting – to visit – had visited – will visit) us next week.
15- Where (did the money hide – has the money hidden – was the money hidden – can the money hide)?
16- When (did the shopping do – will the shopping be done – can the shopping do – would the shopping do)?

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- My dad wished he has a bigger car. His car is too small for us.
2- I wish the school holidays are longer.
3- I wish the weather were fine yesterday.
4- She stayed in the job for give years, earning valuable experience.
5- It is important to exercise regionally.
6- According to the therapy of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.

C- Reading Comprehension
5- Read the passage then answer the questions: (August, 2005)
Some people say they have no memory at all. But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are and helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.
In fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recall faces and places. Some people have a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture.
Our verbal memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates or recipe.
With our emotional memory, we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical movements.
We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance of when they were very young.
You might assume that the more we remember the better. In fact, forgetting is as important as remembering. If we remember all our unhappy times, we would become mentally ill.


A) Answer the following questions:
1-Expain in your own words why we could not survive without a memory?
2-What kinds of memory are used when we do the following?
a) play the guitar. b) feel alarmed when we smell burning.
3-Why is forgetting as essential as remembering?

B. Choose the correct answer:
4- ---------------is a word in the last paragraph that means accept as true.
a) Remember b) Record c) Assume d) Forget
5-Our short-term memory stores items for up to---------- .
a) 80 seconds b) 50 seconds c) 40 seconds d) 30 seconds

6- Read the passage then answer the questions:
Sir Magdi Yacoub has performed more transplants than any other surgeon in the world and, as a scientist; his interest in the basic mechanisms of heart structure and function in health and disease has improved transplant surgery and patient care. He was born and raised in Cairo where he qualified as a doctor in 1957. He came to Britain in 1962 and since then has made great achievements in heart surgery. He specialized in working with children with heart problems and performed complex operations on the tiny hearts of babies in their first days of life.
He has always combined surgical work with scientific research, which he sees as the key to improving patient care and eliminating heart disease. He has conducted a lot of research.
Sir Magdi Yacoub's work is all about helping people live. His strong sense of social responsibility led him to establish the Chain of Hope charity, which sends medical teams to the developing world to treat children suffering from heart disease free of charge.
A) Answer the following questions:
1- Why did transplant surgery and patient care improve?
2- In which field did Sir Magdi Yacoub specialize?
3- What does the Chain of Hope charity do?

B) Choose the correct answer:
4- Sir Magdi Yacoub sees …………………… as the key to improving patient care.
a) surgical work b) heart problems
c) scientific research d) heart disease
5- The underlined word "which" refers to …………………………. .
a) medical teams b) developing world
c) social responsibility d) the Chain of Hope charity
D- Writing
8- Write a letter to your friend Ahmed telling him about the job you'd like to do in the future. Your name is Adam:


9- A)Translate into Arabic: (August, 2005)
Most of the energy we use today comes from coal, oil and gas. But these will not last forever, and burning them slowly harms the environment. So, we need to look for other ways of supplying energy.

B) Translate into English:

1- لقد أصبح متاحا لكل طالب اقتناء جهاز حاسب آلي.
2- الزلازل والأعاصير والبراكين من الكوارث الطبيعية التي تسبب دمارا هائلا.