UNIT 3 الصف الثالث الثانوى لغة انجليزية شرح مميز

UNIT 3

Vocabulary:

Liquid (n./adj.) سائل / في شكل سائل Hydroelectric power الطاقة الكهرومائية
Molten منصهر Pressure الضغط
Nuclear نووي Atom الذرة
Pipe(n. / v.) أنبوب / ينقل بالأنابيب Fossil fuel وقود حفري
Power station محطة للطاقة Generate يوًلد
Wind turbine توربين أو محرك يعمل بقوة الرياح waste نفايات / فضلات
Coal الفحم Natural gas الغاز الطبيعي
Renewable متجدد Generation توليد / جيل
Atomic = nuclear ذري / نووي Nuclear power الطاقة النووية
Geo- = earth مقطع بمعني الأرض Thermal = heat حرارة
Geothermal حراري أرضي Surface السطح
Steam البخار Electricity الكهرباء
Create pollution يسبب تلوث Drill يحفر
Sugar cane قصب السكر Vegetables خضروات
Palm trees أشجار النخيل Corn الحبوب
Beans الفول Straight مستقيم / معتدل
Diesel زيت الديزل Forms of energy أشكال الطاقة
Vehicles مركبات Types = sorts = kinds أنواع
Straighten يسوي / يمهد Save energy يوفر الطاقة
Sail يبحر Amount = quantity كمية
Clean energy الطاقة النظيفة Pollute the environment يلوث البيئة
Split ينشطر Safe آمن
Recycling إعادة الاستخدام Public transport المواصلات العامة
Nuclear power station محطة للطاقة النووية Sources of energy مصادر الطاقة
Alternatives بدائل Workplaces أماكن العمل
Environmentalists خبراء البيئة Extinction الانقراض
Become extinct يصبح منقرضاَ Gas/petrol station محطة بنزين
Countdown عد تنازلي Harness يُسخر / يستخدم / يستغل
Central heating التدفئة المركزية Damage ضرر / تلف
Cooking الطهي Lighting الإضاءة
Lightning البرق Thunder الرعد
Push يدفع / يضغط Industry الصناعة
Impressed منبهر / متأثر Company = firm شركـة
Blade ريشة المروحة / نصل Tower برج
Introduce يُقدم Introduction مقدمة
Conclude يستنتج / يختم Conclusion استنتاج / خاتمة
Materials مواد Traditional تقليدي
Economic problems مشكلات اقتصادية Extensively علي نطاق واسع
Extremely للغاية Store يُخزن
Capture يحصل علي / يستولي علي / يأسر Lake Nasser بحيرة ناصر
Springs ينابيع مياه Incredible لا يُصدًق
Smart car سيارة ذكية A device جهاز / أداة
Science fiction الخيال العلمي Sat-nav systems أجهزة أو نظم ملاحية تستخدم الأقمار الصناعية
directions اتجاهات / تعليمات Electric bulb مصباح كهربي
Destination جهة الوصول / مقصد cyclist راكب دراجة
Speed bump مطب لتخفيف السرعة fine غرامة / يُغرم

Words and their antonyms:

Increase زيادة / يزداد Decrease نقص / ينقص
Import يستورد Export يُصدر
Renewable متجدد Non-renewable غير متجدد
Include يشمل Exclude يستبعد
Active نشيط Inactive غير نشيط
Full ممتلئ Empty فارغ
Clockwise في اتجاه عقارب الساعة anticlockwise عكس اتجاه عقارب الساعة
Turn on يُشغل Turn off يوقف
Deep عميق Shallow ضحل


Prepositions and Expression:


Pump to the surface يضخ إلي السطح On the earth's surface علي سطح الأرض
Below the earth's surface تحت سطح الأرض In molten form في شكل منصهر
Be connected to متصل بـ Come up يصعد لأعلي
In other ways بطرق أخري Turn into يتحول إلي
Do without = dispense with يستغني عن Rely on = depend on يعتمد علي
Last for يستمر لمدة Dangerous to خطير علي
Instead of بدلا من Afford to + inf. لديه ما يكفي من المال لـ
Make use of يستفيد من / يستغل Develop new forms of يطور أشكالاَ جديدة من
Do a survey into يقوم بدراسة أو استطلاع رأي في At the weekend في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع
At a high speed بسرعة عالية Be produced from يُنتًج من
Supply .. with يُزود ..بـ Go through يمر من خلال
Along the Red Sea بمحاذاة البحر الأحمر Sail ships يُوجه أو يُسير السفن
Generate electricity يُولد الكهرباء Take part in يشارك في
Something goes wrong with خطأ أو عطل يحدث في Along the motorway علي طول الطريق السريع
Connect to the internet يتصل بالانترنت In this way وبهذه الطريقة
Drive on the road يقود السيارة علي الطريق All over the world
Useful for drivers مفيد للسائقين forward للأمام / يُرسل


Irregular Verbs:

buy/bought/bought يشتري come/came/come يأتي
cast/cast/cast يلقي/يرمي/ يوزع cost/cost/cost يكلف
catch/caught/caught يمسك/يلحق بـ creep/crept/crept يزحف
choose/chose/chosen يختار cut/cut/cut يقطع
cling/clung/clung (to) يتعلق بـ deal/dealt/dealt (with) يتعامل


Derivatives:

Liquefy يُحول لسائل Liquid السائل Liquid في شكل سائل
Renew يُجدد Renewal تجديد Renewable متجدد
Melt يذوب / ينصهر Melting انصهار / ذوبان Molten منصهر
Energize يمنح طاقة Energy الطاقة Energetic نشيط / مليء بالطاقة
Depend يعتمد Dependence اعتماد Dependent معتمد / عالة/تابع
Endanger يُعرض للخطر Danger خطر Dangerous خطير
Produce يُنتج Production إنتاج Productive منتج / إنتاجي
Reduce يُقلل Reduction خفض / تقليل Reduced مُخفض
Know يعرف Knowledge المعرفة Knowledgeable لديه معرفة واطلاع

Words that go together:

Mass media وسائل الإعلام Job opportunities فرص عمل
Make achievements يحقق انجازات Natural resources موارد طبيعية
Developing countries الدول النامية Desert reclamation استصلاح الصحراء
Developed countries الدول المتطورة An urgent solution to حل عاجل لـ
Press conference مؤتمر صحفي Press agency وكالة أنباء
Under pressure تحت ضغط Nuclear disarmament نزع السلاح النووي
Nuclear weapons أسلحة نووية Nuclear reactor مفاعل نووي
Nuclear fission انشطار نووي Nuclear waste النفايات النووية
Melting point نقطة الانصهار Boiling point نقطة الغليان
Drive machines يُشغل الآلات Supply and demand العرض و الطلب
Reduce pollution يُقلل التلوث Disrupt traffic يُعطل المرور


Read the following passage carefully:

Nothing can live without energy. People, animals and plants need energy to live and machines need energy to work. Today, most of the energy we use still comes from fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which have been formed underground over millions of years. We call these non-renewable forms of energy because they can only be used once. Because of this, we need to reduce our use of non-renewable fuels and use more renewable forms of energy like those from the sun, wind or geothermal energy.
For centuries, the wind has been used to sail ships and to pump water. Now it is used to produce electricity. Groups of wind turbines along to the Red Sea in Egypt generate large amounts of electricity. Water is also a renewable form of energy. Huge quantities of water go through the High Dam at Aswan from lake Nasser. This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity. As well as being inexpensive to produce, this clean energy does not pollute the environment.
Other countries depend on nuclear power- power produced when atoms split. However, nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be stored for thousands of years before it is safe. Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people’s health and to the environment.
Energy from the sun is probably the best form of renewable energy. Scientists believe that the sun’s energy will last for another five billion years. This energy can now be captured and stored.
It is important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop using up non-renewable sources of energy.

Definitions:

liquid A substance such as water which flows, and is not solid or a gas
molten Molten metal or rock is liquid because it is extremely hot.
nuclear using the energy that is produced when an atom is split or joined to another atom
pipe (v.) to send a liquid or gas through a pipe to another place
power station a building where electricity is made
pressure The force that a liquid or gas has when it is inside a container or place; the force produced when pressing against something.
Coal is a black fossil fuel from underground.
atom the smallest part that a substance can be divided into
fossil (fuel) fuel made from animals or plants that lived millions of years ago
generate to produce electricity, power, heat, etc.
hydroelectric using water power to produce electricity
waste Materials that are left after you have used something, which you want to get rid of because you no longer need them.
wind turbine A tall structure with parts that are turned by the wind, used for making electricity.

Language Notes:

تُستخدم مقاطع معينة لنفي الكلمات أو عكسها مثل:
 Non-
Renewable Non-renewable Smoker Non-smoker Alcoholic Non-alcoholic
Violent Non=violent Verbal Non-verbal Polluting Non-polluting
 Un-
Happy Unhappy Fortunate Unfortunate Usual Unusual
Luck Unlucky Lock Unlock Dress undress
 In-
Convenient Inconvenient Effective Ineffective Efficient Inefficient
Sensitive Insensitive Expensive Inexpensive Complete incomplete
 Dis-
Appear Disappear Agree Disagree Approve Disapprove
Honest Dishonest Connect Disconnect Like dislike
 il-
Logical Illogical Legal Illegal Legible Illegible
Legitimate Illegitimate Literate Illiterate
 Ir-
Responsible Irresponsible Regular Irregular Resistible Irresistible
Relevant Irrelevant Rational Irrational

لاحظ أن كلمة invaluable معناها very valuable وليس العكس
وأن كلمة flammable و inflammable لهما نفس المعني وهو "قابل للاشتعال" أما العكس فهو non-flammable
Like / enjoy ----------------best/most
► Which school subject do you like most? ► I like English best.

Most = nearly all / almost all
•Most students passed the test. = Nearly all students passed the test

•most = very • I'm most interested in languages.

•the most + adj. • The computer is the most important invention in the 20th century.

•Make the most of = يحقق أقصي استفادة من
• He gave me advice on how to make the most of my computer.

Special (= not ordinary) من نوع خاص/ متميز
Special care رعاية خاصة , special attention اهتمام خاص
•The government gives special care to reclaiming the desert.
•This is a special kind of cloth.

private تفيد الملكية (opposite: public عام)
a private school مدرسة خاصة a private hospital مستشفي خاص
•This is my private life. You have no right to interfere.يتدخل.

•لاحظ استخدام صفة بعد How والاسم بعد What
● How + adj. = What + n. ● How old …? = What age…?
● How tall…? = What height…? ما طول/ارتفاع ● How long…? = What length…?
● How big…? = What size…? ● How wide…? = What width…?
● How far …? = What distance …? ● How high…? = What height…? ما ارتفاع

 another + اسم مفرد يعد / one (= one more / a different one)
► This tea is nice. I’d like another cup.
► He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one.

 another + (few / number : two, three,….)
► The woman lived for another ten days.
► I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.

 other + اسم جمع يعد/ (و أحيانا اسم لا يعد)
► I need to discuss this with other colleagues.
► There was certainly other information. ( لا تجمع)

 others + v. يمكن أن تأتى في نهاية الجملة
► Some people are rich; othersالبعض الأخر are poor.
► Some writers are greater than othersالآخرين .
•في حالة وجود أحد الكلمات الآتية the / some / every / each / many / any / no / (two, three,..) يستخدم بعدها other :
► Please, John, bring the other chairs here. ► I love my son like any other mother does.
► He gave me one book and kept the other one.
► Steven and three other boys went to the party.

 As well as + v. + ing.
► As well as doing the shopping, he visited some friends.
 It doesn't matter + what / who / why /who /when etc. + جملة
► It doesn't matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.

 Stop + someone / something from + ing.
►This device stops drivers from driving too fast.


Words often confused:


۩ Find / found / found يجد ۩ Found / founded / founded يؤسس
• Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease.
• The town was founded by English settlers.
• Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. الاحترام المتبادل

۩ molten منصهر (تُستخدم مع المواد التي تنصهر عند درجة حرارة عالية جدا مثل المعادن والصخورَ)
۩ melted / غير متجمد / منصهر melted chocolate / melted butter

۩ use يستخدم ۩ use up يستهلك / يستنفد ۩ used مستعمل
• Can I use your phone?.
• We used up all the sugar. We need to buy some. • He bought a used car.

۩ leave يُغادر (مكان) ۩ leave for يُغادر متجها إلي / يذهب إلي
• He left the house by the back door.
• He left for London yesterday.

۩ arrive (I) يصل • Your letter arrived yesterday. • She was the last to arrive.
۩ arrive in (Cairo, London, Italy) يصل إلي مدينة كبيرة / عاصمة / دولة
• We arrived in New York at 6 p.m.
۩ arrive at (school / the station/ the airport…)
• We arrived at school early.
۩ reach (T) + مفعول • We reached New York at 6 p.m.لا يستخدم معها حرف جر
۩ reach a decision يصل لقرار/ a conclusion يتوصل لنتيجة
• They were unable to reach a decision.
• ملاحظات عامة علي الأسماء:
• يُجمع الاسم عادة بإضافة حرف s إلي نهاية الكلمة:
● room rooms cat cats book books
• إذا انتهي الاسم بأحد الحروف الآتية o/ss/sh / ch / x / z:
● tomato tomatoes watch watches boss bosses
• ولكن لاحظ:
Piano pianos photo photos
• الاسم المنتهي بحرف y يسبقه حرف ساكن نحذف حرف y ونضيف ies أما إذا سبقها حرف متحرك ، نضيف s فقط :

● baby babies lady ladies boy boys
• الاسم المنتهي بـ f / fe تحذف ونضيف ves ما عدا cliff / handkerchief حيث تُجمعا بإضافة s

● wife wives shelf shelves thief thieves
• هناك أسماء لها مؤنث ومذكر مثل:
● waiter waitress actor actress poet poetess
• لاحظ الجمع الشاذ للأسماء الآتية:
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular plural
Oasis واحة Oases Crisis أزمة Crises Phenomena ظاهرة Phenomenon
Basis أساس Bases Child Children Man Men
Woman Women Foot Feet Tooth Teeth
Mouse Mice Goose Geese Person people


Exercises on vocabulary and language notes:

Choose the correct answer:
1- Nothing can live (with – of – without – about) energy.
2- The sun's energy will (lost – least – last – lease) for another five billion years.
3- It is (silly – ridiculous – important – inessential) for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces.
4- (Hydroelectric – Solar – Wind – Lunar) power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity.
5- Most of the energy we use today comes from (fission – split – fossil – electric) fuels like coal, oil and gas.
6- Coal, oil and gas are (durable – renewable – arable – non renewable) forms of energy.
7- Coal, oil and gas have been (formed – framed – famed – fried) underground over millions of years.
8- As well as (is – are – be – being) inexpensive, hydroelectric power does not pollute the environment.
9- Nuclear power is produced when atoms (spit – spelt – split – spilt).
10- Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely (safe – dangerous – useful – pleasant).
11- We should all try to stop using (on – for – to – up) non-renewable sources of energy.
12- For centuries, the wind has been used to (sell – sail – steal – stay) ships.
13- Machines need energy to (work – spend – spoil – strike).
14- Non-renewable forms of energy can only be used (twice – three times – once – forever).
15- It takes (more – the same – less – too much) energy to reuse materials than to make new ones.
16- Wind (turbines – machines – devices – instruments) can generate electricity.
17- We get energy from the (cold – heat – ice – water) inside the earth.
18- Below the earth, the pressure is so great that rocks are (frozen – solid – molten – cold).
19- (Geothermal – Geographical – Biographical – Geological) energy is better for the environment than energy produced by traditional power stations.
20- We need to increase our use of renewable forms of energy because we are running (into – away – out of – down) fossil fuels.
21- Energy from the sun will last (on – with – for – up) billions of years.
22- Burying (waste – taste – waist – post) in the ground can damage the environment.
23- Modern wind (headlines – deadlines – landmines – turbines) are tall towers which are built where there is a lot of wind.
24- Many countries are now using more (renewable - non renewable – avoidable – believable) forms of energy from the sun and wind.
25- Fossil fuels like oil and gas are found (between – next to – under – above) the ground.
26- Power stations (destroy – damage – generate – bury) electricity.
27- We can all do very simple things to (waste – pollute – send – save) energy.
28- We need to (produce – introduce – deduce – reduce) our use of non-renewable fuels and use more renewable forms.
29- I'd like to extend my stay in Britain for (others – the others – another – each other) two months.
30- I don't like this shirt. Can you give me (another – other – others – the others) one?
31- (How – What – How much – How many) length is the River Nile?
32- I don't expect (private – ordinary – usual – special) treatment - I just want to be treated fairly.
33- A (liquid – solid – gas – rock) is a substance such as water.
34- A power (location – destination – station – combination) is a building where electricity is made.
35- To (ripe – bribe – dive – pipe) is to send a liquid or gas through a pipe to another place.
36- Hydroelectric means using (oil – the sun – the wind – water) to produce electricity.
37- Wind turbines have parts which are (stopped – turned – switched – twisted) by the wind.
38- Fossil fuels have taken millions of years (forming – formed – to form – form).
39- The gas is stored under (pleasure – treasure – measure – pressure).
40- Electricity (graduation – generation – communication – cooperation) from wind and wave power is safe.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Hydroelectric power does not pollinate the environment.
2- We should make greater use of the sun as a frame of energy in the future.
3- If you need another information, please call me.
4- Fossil fuels are founded under the ground.
5- Scientists are looking for other series of energy.
6- Geophysical energy is the energy we get from the heat inside the earth.
7- Doctors are under increasing pleasure to work longer hours.
8- We used for all the bread. Could you buy some when you go out?
9- A lot of countries depend of nuclear power.
10- I have a bath every another day.
11- He arrived school at 7.30.
12- It isn't matter what you do, as long as you don't harm others.
13- Don't use off all the milk, we need some for
14- Some people are more cooperative than another.
15- How much is it from here to Cairo? – About 400 km.


.


Present Simple: Active and Passive

• يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث متكرر أو عادة :
•Scientists do experiments in laboratories. •Insects harm crops.
•يستخدم للتعبير عن حقيقة :
•Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0°C. •The sun rises in the east.
• يستخدم المضارع البسيط في حالة طلب أو إعطاء التعليمات و الاتجاهات :
•How do I get to the station? You go straight on, then you turn left.
• عادة يضاف s/es للفعل مع he / she / it :
visit visits watch watches
•تستخدم الظروف الدالة علي التكرار (adverbs of frequency) قبل كل الأفعال و بعد To Be . و الظروف الدالة علي التكرار هي:
never / rarely = seldom / not often / sometimes = occasionally / often= frequently /usually / always
•I always brush my teeth before I go to bed. •She often plays the piano.
•الظروف الدالة علي الزمنadverbs of time تأتي إما في بداية الجملة أو نهايتها
•We play tennis every Friday. •Every Friday we play tennis.
• لاحظ استخدام فعل do كفعل أساسي :
• He does his homework once a week. How often does he do his homework?
• تستخدم don't / doesn't في حالة نفي المضارع :
• He studies hard. He doesn't study hard.
• و يمكن أن يستخدم المضارع البسيط مع الظروف الدالة علي الزمن و الكلمات الآتية :
ever / generally / nowadays / on Mondays, on Tuesdays / twice a year / every week , day, year, summer…..
•Do you ever go to school on Friday? •She frequently visits the Pyramids.
• تستخدم do / does في حالة السؤال عن المضارع البسيط ويكون الفعل في المصدر :
•Do you speak English? •Does she play tennis?


am / is / are + PP. المضارع البسيط في صيغة المبنى للمجهول•

•Somebody cleans this room every day. •This room is cleaned every day.

الأفعال التي لا يأتي معها مفعول لا تُستخدم في المبني للمجهول مثل:
Camp, roar, appear, arrive, begin, break, come, cough, decrease, die, disappear, drown, fall, go, happen, increase, laugh, lie, matter, rain, rise, sneeze, snow, stop, swim, wait, work."

•Heat and light come from the sun. •A strange thing happened yesterday.
۩ لاحظ صياغة الأسئلة التالية في المضارع البسيط:
۩ Where do you come from? = Which country do you come from? للسؤال عن الجنسية
I come from England/ Italy…
۩ What's your nationality? جنسية I'm English/ Italian.
۩ What do you do? = What's your job? = What do you do for a living?
I'm a teacher.
۩ Where do you live? = What's your address?
15 Lincoln Street, New York.



• يستخدم المضارع البسط (أو المضارع التام) بعد الروابط الآتية والفعل الثاني يكون مستقبل أو أمر :

After / Before / When / As soon as / the moment /till / until + مضارع بسيط أو مضارع تام

 After I write the letter, I’ll go out.
 Before he goes to bed, he will have dinner.
 As soon as she has received the fax, she will travel to Rangoon.
We’ll leave the moment we get the car fixed.
 She won’t go to the bank until she gets the cheque..

• First she will take some exercise. Then she will use the computer. (After/Before/until)
After she finishes the book, she will lend it to me.
Before she uses the computer, she will take some exercise.
She won’t use the computer until she takes some exercise.
 لاحظ أنه يمكن استخدام فعل أمر بدلا من المستقبل البسيط :
• After you finish your work, call me. • Before you go to bed, turn off the lights.

Present Continuous Tense
• التكوين:
Am/ is / are + v. +ing
الكلمات الدالة عليه :•
now / at the moment / look! / Listen! / at present
•She is playing the piano now. •I am writing a report at the moment.
• لاحظ عدم استخدام هذه الأفعال في الأزمنة المستمرة:

love يحب like يحب hate يكره prefer يفضل
want يريد need يحتاج deserve يستحق suppose يفترض
mean يعنى understand يفهم believe يصدق remember يتذكر
contain يحوى consist يتكون know يعرف belong يخص
see يرى hear يسمع smell يشم taste يكون لها مذاق
recognize يتعرف على realize يدرك surprise يفاجئ astonish يدهش
seem يبدو possess يمتلك own يمتلك depend يعتمد
concern يهم/يتعلق بـ matter يهم lack ينقص owe يدين
weigh يزن measure يقيس agree يوافق be
think يعتقد Notice يلاحظ forgive يسامح
• بعض الأفعال الواردة في الجدول السابق لها معني آخر مختلف واذا جاءت في الجملة بهذا المعني ، يمكن استخدامها في المضارع المستمر:
•I'm thinking of going out tonight. •She is seeing her doctor this afternoon.
•They are having lunch at the moment. •She is tasting the soup to see if it is ready.
• في حالة السؤال عن المضارع المستمر:
•Is she doing the homework now?
•Are they painting the house at the moment?
• معني الجملة أحيانا يدل علي المضارع المستمر
► Hurry up! We are all waiting for you.
► Be quiet. I am studying my lessons.

5- الفعلان feel / hurt يمكن أن يُستخدما في المضارع المستمر أو المضارع البسيط:
►How do you feel? / How are you feeling?
►My head hurts. / My head is hurting.

am / is / are + being + PP. المضارع المستمر في صيغة المبنى للمجهول•

•Somebody is cleaning the room. =The room is being cleaned.

• لاحظ حذف حرف e قبل إضافة ing إلا إذا انتهي الفعل بـ ee :
invite inviting write writing
• ويشذ عن ذلك فعل dye بمعني يصبغ :
•She is dyeing her hair.
• الأفعال ذات المقطع الواحد وتنتهي بحرف ساكن يسبقه متحرك نُضاعف فيها الحرف الأخير قبل إضافة ing :
hit hitting sit sitting dig digging run running
They are digging a well at the moment.
• ولاحظ أيضا مضاعفة الحرف الأخير في الأفعال الآتية قبل إضافة ing: :
prefer preferring refer referring begin beginning


Exercises on Grammar:

Choose the correct answer:
1- In many countries, the wind (use – uses – is using – is used) to generate electricity.
2- Scientists (want – wants – are wanting – are being wanted) to find more forms of renewable energy.
3- Huge amounts of electricity (is produced – produce – are produced – are producing) in nuclear power stations.
4- Holes (drill – is drilled – will drill – are drilled) into the earth to find hot water.
5- In some cities, rubbish (burn – burns – is burnt – is burring) to produce electricity.
6- Water (heat – is heated – are heated – is heating) to turn it into steam.
7- The steam (is piped – pipes – is piping – are piped) to a power station.
8- Electricity (produces – is producing – is produced – produce) from the water in the power station.
9- Electricity is sometimes (to make – making – makes – made) from wind turbines.
10- In many parts of the world, wood (burns – is burnt – is burning – to burn) to heat people's homes.
11- Plants and trees (are used – are using – will be using – use) for different purpose.
12- She often (is working – works – was working – work) at the weekend.
13- We (use – are used – will be used – is used) palm trees to produce vegetable oil.
14- Sugar cane is (grow – growing – to grow – grown) and used to make fuel for cars and other vehicles.
15- We (are used – use – using – to use) different types of energy in Egypt today.
16- He (talks – is talked – is talking – was talking) to the boss right now.
17- As soon as he (finish – finished – finishes – to finish) doing the job, he will see a movie.
18- She (won't leave – didn't leave – wouldn't have left – not leaves) until she receives a phone call.
19- Be quiet! I (listen – have listened – was listened – am listening) to the news.
20- He (is seeming – seem – seems – was seeming) very happy now.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- I'm thinking he is English.
2- Water is boiling at 100 °C.
3- He can't speak to you just now. He has a shower.
4- Is this watch belonging to Ahmed?
5- Oil finds far beneath the earth.
6- Are you wanting to speak to him now?
7- How often is she going to the club?
8- What is your father doing? –He's an engineer.
9- Wood uses to make paper.
10- My office cleans every day.
11- Where is he coming from? – England.
12- I am owing him 50 pounds. I'll pay it back next week.
13- This place rarely visits by anyone.
14- Things aren't always what they are appeared to be.
15- When she is meeting him, she will tell him the truth.



Language Functions:

Asking for information السؤال عن معلومات Giving information إعطاء معلومات
Excuse me, could I ask you some questions about..? Yes, of course.
Can / Could you tell me .........? Yes, that's fine..
Do you know anything about.......? Yes, certainly.
Does that mean ..........?
I'd rather not answer that question.
في حالة عدم الرغبة في الإجابة عن سؤال
Thank you for your time. (You're welcome في حالة الرد)
How do you usually (go to school)? I usually …
What does "…" mean? It means.. / You can look it up in the dictionary.


Test on Unit 3

A- Language Functions
1- Respond to the following situations:
1- You are doing a survey about energy in your town. You would like to ask someone some questions. Explain the situation.
2- You want to know about a friend's energy-saving habits. What do you ask?
3- You hear someone use a word you do not understand. The word is "hydroelectric". What do you ask?
4- Someone asks you how you usually travel to school every day. How do you reply?

2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: (June, 2008)
1. A. How old is this mummy?
B. It's about 4000 years old.


2- A: How would you like to pay for this suit, sir?
B: By credit card
A: Well. Shall I put it in a bag for you, sir?
B: Yes, please.


B- Vocabulary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1. You send a liquid or gas through a (pipe – hole – type – bump) to move it to another place.
2. Electricity is produced in a (tower – Flour – Power – Sour) station.
3. (Pressure – Friction – Treasure – Leisure) is the force produced when two things push against each other.
4. (Diesel – Oil – Petrol – Coal) is a hard black fossil fuel from underground.
5. When atoms are split, (nuclear – hydroelectric – solar – biological) energy is produced.
6. If you make rock or metal very hot, it becomes (melted – solidified – frozen – molten).
7. Water is the (liquid – gaseous – solid - hard) form of ice.
8. Water passing through a dam produces (atmospheric – phosphoric – hydroelectric - prehistoric) power.
9. The buses (are running – runs – run – running) less frequently on Sundays.
10. He usually (gets – is getting – has got – to get) home about 6 o'clock.
11. Your health (has been - is – had been – are) generally good, but you do have a few minor problems.
12. He (waters – has watered – is watering – had watered) at the moment.
13. As soon as he (gets – had got – will get – is getting) the cheque, he will pay his debt.
14. I (understood - understand – am understanding – was understanding) everything now.
15. After he (do – is doing – has done – had done) the shopping, he will visit a friend.
16. Trees are sometimes (blow – blew – blown – blows) down in the night.

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- She is being in London now.
2- His house is heating by the sun.
3- We are used petrol in our cars.
4- Wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt exaggerate large amounts of electricity.
5- Nuclear power produces dangerous waist.
6- Energy from the sun is the best form of readable energy.

C-Reading Comprehension
5- Read the following passage then answer the questions: (June, 2008)
Picture the scene: a young woman is walking to her car in a multi - storey car park late at night. Suddenly, a man jumps out at her from behind a column. She performs some fancy moves, kicks him and while he is on the floor, she jumps into her car and drives away unharmed.
This scenario should teach you three important things: real life is nothing like in films; never walk alone at night whether you are a man or a woman, and most importantly use your brain and not your body to defend yourself against an attack.
Staying safe is all about not putting yourself in a dangerous situation. Avoid a potential attack before it happens by using your common sense. This means don't go out alone at night, stay in well lit areas, make sure someone always knows where you are, walk with confidence and carry a mobile phone with you. Basically, don't make yourself a target. Attackers look for people who are vulnerable.
If you do find yourself in a dangerous situation, where you are being threatened, try and defuse it. That is, try not to make the situation worse by trying to fight. The best defence is to remove yourself from the situation. Calmly walk away, run as fast as you can, or eventually you can use your force.
A. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the writer's purpose in writing this text ?
2. What precautions should we take to avoid dangerous situations ?
3. What does the writer mean by: "common sense"
4. How should a person react when he feels threatened ?

B. Choose the correct answer:
5- Attackers look for people who -------------------.
a) have mobile phones. b) are confident.
c) are aware of their surroundings. d) are easy targets.
6- You may use your physical force -----------------------.
a) at the beginning of the attack b) as a second solution
c) at the end of the attack d) after you run away
7- A person who is unable to protect himself is ----------------------.
a) potential b) lazy c) defenseless d) unharmed
6- Read the following passage and then answer the questions:
It was a very foggy day in London. Mr. Smith arrived from Edinburgh to go to a very important meeting, but no buses or taxis were running because of the fog. It was nine o'clock and his meeting was at ten, so he thought he would walk to the office where it was going to be. But nobody was even trying to walk anywhere.

While he was standing there, a young man came up to him and said, "Sir, if you want to go somewhere, I can guide you."
Mr. Smith was surprised and said, "How can you find the way in this fog?"
"Don't worry, sir," answered the man. So Mr. Smith told the young man where he wanted to go. They walked quite fast. At last Mr. Smith thought, "Perhaps this man is mad, or a thief." But a minute later, the young man stopped and said, "Here is the place, sir." Mr. Smith was surprised to find that he reached the office. He gave the young man a pound and then said, "How did you find the way in the fog?"
"I'm blind, sir," answered the young man, "but I know London well, and it is exactly the same in the fog"
Answer the following questions:
1- Why couldn't Mr. Smith find a bus or taxi?
2- What do you think of the blind man?
3- What does the underlined word it refer to?
Choose the correct answer:
4- The meeting was going to be in (Edinburgh – Scotland – London – Glasgow).
5- Mr. Smith rewarded the blind man by (walking with him – giving him money – thinking he was mad – telling him a funny story).

D- Writing
8- Write a paragraph of about 100 words on the following subject: (June, 2008)
The various ways through which people can keep good health and fitness

9- A)Translate into Arabic: (June, 2008)
Egypt aims at attracting Arab and foreign capital for investment. So, the Egyptian government should encourage setting up new factories for modern industries. It should also develop the existing ones.

B) Translate into English:
1- نحن نعيش الآن في عصر الاتصالات الذي جعل العالم عالما مفتوحا.
2- كثير من أنواع النبات و الحيوان سوف تنقرض بسبب التلوث البيئي