UNIT 2 الصف الثالث الثانوى لغة انجليزية شرح مميز

UNIT 2


Vocabulary:

Classics دراسة الأدب اليوناني والروماني القديم Alike متشابه
Couple زوجان / اثنان / عدد قليل من Attend يَحضر /
Debate (n./v.) مناقشة / مناظرة / يناقش Castle قلعة
escapism الهروب من الواقع coronation تتويـج
The right to + inf./n الحق في Occasion مناسبة
Wealthy ثَري / غني Prisoner سجين
Well educated علي قدر جيد من التعليم A fictional story قصة خيالية
Publication (n) مطبوعة / نشر A novelist روائي
A poet شاعر Literature الأدب
Sign علامة / لافتة Modern languages اللغات الحديثة
A lawyer محامي Well-known = famous مشهور
Adventure novels روايات المغامرات Politics السياسة
publicity شهرة / شيوع / شعبية Immediately في الحال
The throne العرش Daydreams أحلام اليقظة
Publish ينشــر Lock يُغلق / قفل
Wedding حفل زفاف Beliefs معتقدات
Central Europe أوروبا الوسطي Power قوة / سُلطة / طاقة
Cruel قاس Ambitious طَمُوح
Qualities صفات Needs احتياجات
A leader قائد / زعيم A forest غابة
Remain يبقي / يظل Prevent يمنع
Finance يمول / المالية Take place يَحدث
A fictional country دولة خيالية Identical twins توائم متطابقة
Crown التاج Attendants الحاضرون
Occasionally أحيانا Kidnap يخطف (شخص)
For ever إلي الأبد Rescue يُنقذ / إنقاذ
Finally = eventually في النهاية Entertainment ترفيه
Reduce = lessen يُقلل Forms أشكال
Architecture فن العمارة Degree درجة / شهادة علمية
Favourite sport رياضة مفضلة Ceremony شعائر / مراسم /احتفال
Morally أخلاقيا Attackers المهاجمون
Kingdom مملكة Republic جمهورية
Does (its) best تفعل ما بوسعها The national income الدخل القومي
Make great progress يحقق تقدم عظيم Carry out projects ينفذ مشروعات
Rights and duties الحقوق والواجبات In all fields في كافة المجالات
Terrorist إرهابي terrorism الإرهاب
Fame الشهرة Qualitative كيفي / نوعي
Officially رسمياَ schooling التعليم
Classical له علاقة بأدب أو فن الإغريق والرومان / ممتاز / تقليدي classicism الكلاسيكية (قواعد الأدب والفن عند الإغريق والرومان


Words and their antonyms:

Formal رسمي Informal غير رسمي
Organised منظم Disorganised غير منظم
Guilty مُذنب Innocent بريء
Fair عادل Unfair غير عادل
Local محلي Global عالمي
Fictional خيالي Real حقيقي / واقعي
Justice العدل Injustice الظلم
Difficult صعب Easy سهل
Correct صحيح Incorrect غير صحيح
True حقيقي False زائف
Immense هائل tiny ضئيل
At most علي الأكثر At least علي الأقل
Well-known معروف unknown غير معروف
Escapism الهروب من الواقع realism الواقعية
Popular شائع / مشهور / شعبي unpopular غير شعبي



Prepositions:

It made him a lot of money دَرَت عليه الكثير من المال Well-known for مشهور بـ
Pay for يدفع ثمن .. Go on a tour يذهب في جولة
Come back يعود Lock someone in يحبس شخص في (مكان)
Know nothing of لا يعرف شيئا عن Look in astonishment ينظر في دهشة واستغراب
An expert in خبير في At the coronation في حفل التتويج
Fall off his horse يسقط من علي حصانه Make regular visits يقوم بزيارات منتظمة
Make friends يُكون أصدقاء Belong to يخص / ينتمي إلي
Listen to يستمع إلي Talk about يتحدث عن (شيء أو شخص)
Talk to / with يتحدث إلي (شخص) Free .. from (v) يُحرر من
Find out يكتشف Study at school يدرس في المدرسة
Protect from / against يحمي ..من Ready for مستعد أو جاهز لـ
Study at university يدرس في الجامعة Break in يقتحم (بدون مفعول)
Break into يقتحم (بعدها مفعول) Escape from يهرب من
Be crowned with success يُتَوج بالنجاح Popular with محبوب أو شائع لدي
On occasion أحيانا On the night before.. في الليلة التي تسبق
Say goodbye to يودع At the same time في نفس الوقت


Irregular Verbs:

bite/bit/bitten يعض bring/brought/brought يحضر
bleed/bled/bled ينزف broadcast/broadcast/broadcast يذيع
blow/blew/blown يهب / ينفخ build/built/built يبني
break/broke/broken يكسر / ينكسر burn/burnt/burnt
burn/burned/burned يحرق/ يحترق
breed/bred/bred يربي (حيوانات) burst/burst/burst ينفجر


Derivatives:

verb Noun adjective
Succeed ينجح Success النجاح Successful ناجح
Intend ينوي Intention نية Intentional مقصود / متعمد
Require يتطلب / يحتاج Requirement مطلب Required مطلوب
Publish ينشر Publisher ناشر
Publication نشر Published منشور
Qualify يؤهل / يتأهل Qualification مؤهل Qualified متأهل
Prevent يمنع Prevention ينجح Preventive منع / وقاية

Words that go together:

Heroic deeds أعمال بطولية Public debate مناظرة أو مناقشة عامة
Under debate محل مناقشة Hold a debate يعقد مناظرة
Attend a meeting يُحضر اجتماع Attend a conference يَحضر مؤتمر
A historic occasion مناسبة تاريخية Heroic efforts جهود خارقة
Have much success in يلاقي نجاحا كبيرا في Take preventive measures يتخذ إجراءات وقائية
The public opinion الرأي العام A public library مكتبة عامة
Double efforts يُضاعف الجهود Compulsory education التعليم الإلزامي
The vast majority الغالبية العظمي Classical music الموسيقي الكلاسيكية
News coverage تغطية إخبارية News headlines عناوين الأخبار

Read the following passage carefully:

The prisoner of Zenda
The story takes place in nineteenth-century Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll, a wealthy Englishman, is the cousin of Rudolf Elphberg, who is about to become the new king of Ruritania, a fictional country in central Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll decides to travel to Ruritania to attend the coronation of his cousin, who he has not met before. Soon after he arrives, he is walking through a forest where he meets the future king. The two men are surprised to discover that they are so alike: they are almost identical twins. The cousins talk excitedly about the coronation.
However, on the night before the great occasion, Rudolf Elphberg is kidnapped by his younger brother Michael and locked in the castle in the town of Zenda. Although Michael does not have the right to be the next king of the country, he is popular with some of the people of Ruritania. He wants to stop the coronation so that he can become the next king himself.
Rudolf Rassendyll solves the problem by taking his cousin's place. Because the two men look so alike, nobody realizes what is happening and the coronation takes place as planned. While Rudolf Elphberg remains in the castle, Rudolf Rassendyll lives the life of the king and spends time with his cousin’s friends. At the same time, he realizes that he cannot remain the king of Ruritania forever. He decides to rescue Rudolf Elphberg.
The story ends happily for Elphberg when he finally becomes the new king. Michael dies. Rassendyll says goodbye to his friends and leaves the country. The people of Ruritania never find out what has really happened.

Definitions:

classics the study of the language, literature and history of ancient Greece and Rome
couple two people who are married or have a romantic relationship
debate (n) an organised discussion on an important subject
escapism entertainment or activity that helps you to forget about your work or worries and think of something more enjoyable
fictional not real, invented by a writer
publication when a book is printed and available to buy
well-educated having had a good education
alike (adj.) almost exactly the same; similar
attend to go to a meeting, school, church, etc.
castle a very large strong building built in the past to protect the people inside from attack
coronation a ceremony in which somebody officially becomes a king or queen
(Have) the right to do something legally or morally allowed to do something
occasion an important event or ceremony
wealthy rich; having a lot of money, land or valuable possessions, especially when you or your family have owned them for a long time.

Language Notes:

Invent يخترع / discover يكتشف
• Graham Bell invented the telephone. • Columbus discovered America.
۩ لاحظ استخدام كلمة like مع whatللتعبير عن وصف شيء

•What + be + فاعل + like …? = describe في حالة السؤال
•What + + فاعل be + like … = في حالة الجملة
• What was life like in the past?
• She looked in the mirror to see what the new dress was like.
• What is the weather like today?
 عند إضافة حرف s إلي السنة نقصد بها فترة عشر سنوات أي عقد :decade
•In the 1980s = from 1980 to 1989
•Century = 100 years •millennium = 1000 years •decade = 10 years
•لاحظ استخدام take للزمن بمعني يستغرق ويأتي بعدها to+inf.
•The Prisoner of Zenda took Hope a few months to write.
•How long does it take to do this job?

● Hear of / about يسمع عن شيء أو شخص
● hear from يتلقي أخبارا من (خطاب أو رسالة أو مكالمة)
● Have you ever heard of William Shakespeare? ● I'm looking forward to hearing from my friend.

•Not in the least = not at all كلا ، علي الاطلاق
● Do you mind if I turn the TV on? – No, not in the least كلا ، مطلقا

•Train as a/an + job:
● He trained as a doctor.
•لاحظ استخدام التصريف الثالث بعد as أحيانا وهو هنا اختصار لجملة كانت مبنية للمجهول

•As + PP. :
● The coronation takes place as planned. = The coronation takes place as it has been planned.

•die (v) يموت •dead (adj.) ميت •death (n) الموت •deadly (adj.) مميت
● This is a deadly weapon. ● The man was dead on arrival at the hospital..
● We all believe in life after death. ● She died of a heart attack.

Words Often Confused:

• be based on يكون معتمد أو قائم علي • be based in يكون مقره في (مكان معين)
● His novel was based on real life. ● The company is based in New York.

• politics السياسة (الخاصة بالدولة ونظام الحكم)• policy مبدأ أو قاعدة يسير عليها الفرد أو العمل
● He was interested in politics and was a good speaker. ● Honesty is the best policy.

• Hero بطل قصة أو رواية أو شخص قام بعمل عظيم • Champion بطل رياضي عادة
● The hero of the novel is ten-year-old boy. ● He is the world basketball champion.

• Be alike متشابه = look alike يبدو متشابه • be like مثل (أداة تشبيه)
• like (v) يحب • look like يشبه • unlike علي عكس
● The two brothers are very alike. ● She is not like her sister. = She is different from her sister.
● He likes ice cream very much. ● She looks like her mother.
● Unlike his brother, he was very friendly.

• Kidnap = abduct يختطف شخص • hijack يختطف سفينة أو طائرة
• snatch يخطف شيء من شخص
● Two businessmen have been kidnapped by terrorists.
● The plane was hijacked by two armed men. ● She snatched the gun from his hand.

• couple زوج وزوجة أو اثنان من نوع واحد • pair زوج (شيء واحد مكون من جزأين)
• double ضعف (العدد أو الكمية)
● I saw a couple of men get out of the building. ●The couple were married in 1997.
● She bought a pair of brown shoes. ● We need double the amount we already have..


Exercises on Vocabulary and language notes

Choose the correct answer:
1. My brother is very well (learnt – educated – civilized – punished). He went to Cairo University and then Oxford,
2. We are having a (disagreement – conflict - debate – negotiation) at school next week about ways of reducing global warming.
3. For some people, reading and watching films are forms of (socialism – ecotourism – extremism – escapism).
4. In the past, many English children studied (classics – ceramics – clinics – cosmetics) at school. Now most schools teach modern languages.
5. Oliver Twist is the fictional (champion - hero – leader – loser) of one of Charles Dickens' most famous novels.
6. The Prisoner of Zenda was ready for (application – classification - publication – clarification) a few months after Anthony Hope thought of the idea.
7. Although everyone in my family works very hard, we are not a (worthy - wealthy – healthy – filthy) family.
8. In Britain, children (attend – intend – tend – pretend) primary school between the ages of 5 and 11.
9. The (collaboration – coronation – corporation – combination) of Queen Elizabeth II took place in 1952. It was a fantastic occasion millions of people went to London to watch.
10. Nobody has the (left – wrong - right – sight) to steal things from other people
11. Some twins are more (like – liken – alight – alike) than others.
12. (Castles – Houses – Flats – Apartments) were usually made from stone to stop attackers from breaking in.
13. A (double – pair – two – couple) of people objected to the proposal, but the vast majority approved of it.
14. They had been (delaying – defeating – debating – applying) for several hours without reaching a conclusion.
15. All the characters in this film are (fictional – intentional – additional – conventional)). They are not real.
16. Over two hundred people (intended – pretended – depended – attended) the funeral.
17. Our customers have the right (to complain – complaining – complained – complain) if the service is not satisfactory.
18. They met on several (chance - occasions – opportunity - day) to discuss the issue.
19. The two men were surprised (discover – to discover – discovering – discovered) that they were so alike.
20. He spent three days (with – at – of – to) his uncle.
21. The story takes (space – part – place – the place) in 19th century Europe.
22. He was buried (life – alive – living – a life) in the earthquake.
23. They kept looking at each (other – another – others – the other) and smiling.
24. He was (looked – lacked – licked – locked) in the castle at Zenda.
25. It's important to protect your skin (of – with - from – at) the harmful effects of the sun.
26. She's going to study (classics – classic – classical – classification) at university.
27. Ali and Mona are a nice (double – pair – couple – two). Let's invite them to dinner.
28. Prices have (coupled – doubled – paired – crippled) in the last few years.
29. There was a long (talking – debate – speaking - beating) on TV about elections.
30. The President (mended – depended – attended – ascended) the summit conference in London last week.
31. The (castle – battle – cattle – shuttle) was captured by the enemies.
32. The opening of the new school was a great (admission – collision – occasion – concession).
33. They (dropped – sent – gave – kidnapped) the boy and demanded a big ransom.
34. The Egyptian monuments are very popular (of – to – with – on) tourists.
35. Do you mind if I use your computer? – Not in (least – most – less – little).
36. He's very much (like – alike – look like – liken) his father.
37. They met at the club as (agreeing – to agree – agreed – agreement).
38. (Capitalism – Colonialism – Globalism – Escapism) is a kind of entertainment that helps people to forget about their worries.
39. (Physics – Economics – Classics – Statistics) is the study of the language and literature of the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
40. (Coronation – Corruption – Collection – Communication) is a ceremony in which somebody officially becomes a king or queen.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Over two thousand people pretended the meeting.
2- The communication of the king took place in the royal palace.
3- These two sisters are so like.
4- People over 18 have the tight to vote in elections.
5- This novel is intentional. It's not real.
6- A defeat is a formal organised discussion.
7- The gang hijacked the boy and asked for a lot of money to let him go.
8- She went to London a pair of years ago.
9- Can you tell me what the thief was alike?
10- It took him five hours finishing the report.


.


Subject-verb agreement: special cases

•الأسماء التي تُعد تستخدم مفرد أو جمع:
• He bought a car. •There are two cars in the garage.
• The Prisoner of Zenda is a novel. •He read three novels last week.

•تُستخدم الكلمات a / an / the / one مع الكلمات التي تعد:

• A train / an accident / one minute
• Where's the book I lent you?
•وتُستخدم الكلمات التي تُعد أيضا مع الكلمات الآتية:

• Any / some / many / the / How many / two / three, etc.
● Were there any mistakes in your homework?
● Some children are having a picnic in the park.
● There aren't many cars on the road this morning.
● How many students are there in your class?
● The apples were in my shopping bag.
● There are six CDs and four DVDs on the table.

• الكلمات التي لا تُعد تكون في صورة المفرد ولا تجمع والفعل معها مفرد ولا يُستخدم معها a / an
• ومن أمثلة الكلمات التي لا تُعد:
1● Fluids السوائل
Water Coffee Oil Milk Soup blood
2● School subjects المواد الدراسية
History Physics Chemistry Biology Geography Psychology
3● Abstract nouns الأسماء المجردة أو المعنوية
Beauty Confidence Courage Enjoyment Progress Evidence
Patience Honesty Peace Poverty Love hatred
4● Sports الرياضات
Tennis Football Hockey Volleyball Swimming squash
5● Gases الغازات
Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Ammonia Carbon dioxide
6● Languages اللغات
English Arabic French Italian Spanish German
7● Different activities الأنشطة المختلفة
Reading Smoking Writing Studying Shopping Eating
8● natural phenomena ظواهر طبيعية
Lightning Heat Snow Thunder Light rain
9● Other nouns
luggage equipment Furniture cash Jewellery Rubbish
Money Traffic work Clothing News electricity
10● Meals الوجبات
breakfast lunch dinner supper

● Could I have a glass of water?
● It isn't a good idea to borrow money.
• بعض الكلمات التي لا تُعد يمكن أن تسبقها الأداة a/an إذا جاءت قبلها الصفة:
قارن بين الجمل الآتية
● She completed her education in 1995. ● She had a good education.
● We usually have lunch at 2.00 p.m..
● We had a wonderful lunch at a big restaurant yesterday.
• الكلمات التي لا تُعد يمكن استخدامها مع الكلمات و العبارات الآتية:
The / any / some / much / how much / this / that
● the water in the river is very clean. ● Have we got any bread?
● We have some bread, but we don't have any butter.
● We don't have much time left. ● How much food do we need for ten people.
 هناك كلمات أخرى يمكن أن تكون countable أو uncountable مع اختلاف المعني مثل:
paper – glass – coffee – time - cold / light / orange / iron /chicken
 I’d like some writing paper.(ورق الكتابة - لا يعد)
 I’m going to buy a paper. (= a newspaper)
 The window’s made of unbreakable glass. ( الزجاج - لا يعد)
 Would you like a glass كوب of water?
 Have you got any coffee?
 Could I have two coffees? (cups of coffee)
 Don’t hurry. There’s plenty of time.
 He went to London three times. مرات
 Don’t go out in the cold without a coat. البرد عموما
 I’ve got a bad cold. نزلة برد
 There are two oranges on the table. برتقال
 I don't like orange. I prefer red.
 This table is made of iron. الحديد (لا يعد)
 She bought an iron yesterday. مكواة
 Do you like chicken? (= chicken meat)
 The sun gives us light الضوء / لا تُعد
 We need two lights in this room. مصباح كهربي

•بعض الكلمات التي تُشير إلي مجموعات يمكن أن يُستخدم معها فعل مفرد أو جمع:
Team / committee / family / class / army / company / couple / crew / crowd / gang / group / navy / population / staff / university /
● The home team is winning the match. هنا الكلام عن الفريق كوحدة واحدة
● The team are travelling tonight to their next match. هنا نقصد الفريق كأفراد
• العبارات الدالة علي الكمية و المبالغ المالية والزمن و الثمن و المسافة و الوزن ودرجات الحرارة تُعامل معاملة المفرد مع الفعل:
● Ten million pounds is a lot of money.
● Fifty litres of petrol fills my car.
● Five kilometres is a long way to walk.
● Two hours is a long time to wait.
● Fifty degrees is a very high temperature.
• ولكن لاحظ أننا نقول:
● Three one-pound coins are on the desk. ثلاث عملات معدنية من فئة الجنيه

• بعض الأسماء المنتهية بحرف s يُستخدم معها دائما فعل مفرد:
Athletics / politics / gymnastics / mathematics / maths / news / economics / statistics / physics / genetics / classics / electronics
● Politics was my best subject at university.
● Athletics is my favourite sport.
 لاحظ أن lots of /a lot of / plenty of تستخدم في الإثبات مع الكلمات التي تعد و الكلمات التي لا تعد و تستخدم a great deal of مع الكلمات التي لا تعد فقط
 He bought a lot of sugar.
 He needs plenty of books.  There's a great deal of money in the safe.

 تستخدم much في السؤال و النفي مع الكلمات التي لا تعد
 She doesn’t need much money.
 Did you buy much sugar?
 تستخدم many في الســؤال و النفــي مع الكلمات التي تعـــد
 He didn’t see many places in London.
 Did you invite many people to your party last week?
 تستخدم many/ much في الإثبات إذا جاء قبلهما إحدى الكلمات آلاتية too/ so / very
 There is so much sugar in my coffee.

a Little للكمية / a few للعدد = some تفيد الإثبات
I have a little money. = I have some money. (Positive جملة مثبتة)
He has a few books. = He has some books.
 He has a little furniture.
 They work a few hours a week.

 little / few = hardly any = almost no(t) تفيد النفي
She has few friends. = She has hardly any friends.
She had little money. = She had almost no money.
 They got little information, did they?  He writes few letters, does he?
 يمكن استخدام أدوات تجزئة مع الكلمات التي لا تعــد و في حالة الجمع تجمع أداة التجزئة فقط وفيما يلي بعض الأمثلة

A piece of information A piece of luggage A piece of furniture A piece of jewellery
A cup of coffee A jar of jam A loaf of bread A slice of cake / cheese
A sheet of paper A bar of soap A tube of toothpaste A glass of lemonade
A piece of advice A bar of chocolate A bottle of milk


أسماء الأشياء المكونة من جزأين مثل gloves / scissors / trousers / shoes / socks glasses نستخدم معها كلمة pair وبدون كلمة pair تُعتبر هذه الكلمات جمع:
His trousers are dirty. فعل جمع A pair of socks doesn't cost much money. فعل مفرد
الكلمات الآتية لها نفس صيغة المفرد و الجمع:
crossroads تقاطع طرق / means وسيلة / series سلسلة/ species نوع
A means of transport is… Means of transport are…
الأسماء الآتية دائما جمع و يأتي معها الفعل جمع :
clothes / goods سلع / troops قوات / arms أسلحة / remains بقايا / police / people / cattle
●The police are looking for two terrorists.
كلمة hair لاتُعد إذا قصدنا الشعر بصفة عامة :
● His hair is black.
ولكننا يمكن أن نقول :
● I have got a hair in my mouth. شعرة واحدة
كلمة the public بمعني عامة الناس يأتي معها الفعل جمع أو مفرد :
●The public has / have the right to know everything.
كلمة school بمعني المكان الذي يتعلم فيه الطلاب لا تُعد أما إذا قصدنا المدرسة كمبني فهي تُعد :
● She drives the kids to school every morning.
● They're building a new school in the village.

Exercises on Grammar:
Choose the correct answer:
1. How (much – many – long – little) people are there in the team?
2. How many seconds (is – are – were – would) there in an hour?
3. Ten kilometres (have – been - is - are) a long way to run.
4. Would you like (some – much – a – any) cup of tea?
5. One of the pages in the book (is – are – were – have been) torn.
6. We didn't take (some – many – much – little) photographs yesterday.
7. Ali was listening to (a – many – one – some) music.
8. We didn't do (a – much – many – some) shopping last week.
9. I still have (a little – much – one – a few) things to do.
10. I am going to buy (some – a few – two – one) bread.
11. If you want to know the news, you can read (much paper – many paper – a paper – paper).
12. I want to print some documents, but the printer is out of (papers – paper – a paper – many papers)
13. Bad news (don't – doesn't – haven't – aren't) make people happy.
14. John is unemployed. He can't get (job – profession – work – position).
15. Can you give me (an – some – many – one) advice?
16. I don't have (many – some – much – a lot) luggage.
17. They spend (a lot of – many – a few – a) money on travel.
18. Enjoy your trip. Have (a – many – a few – any) good time.
19. I need a new (pair – couple – double – jar) of sunglasses.
20. I have (a – a few – any – a lot) problem. Can you help me?
21. How (much – many – few – little) students are there in your school?
22. Have you finished (a – some – one – the) book I lent you?
23. She has (the – an – a – many) French name, but in fact she's English.
24. I am going away for (some – many – much – a) week in September.
25. There isn't (a – the – some – many) supermarket near where I live.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1. How much coffees have you drunk today?
2. Do we have a rice left?
3. How many money do you need for your holiday?
4. Fifty degrees are a very high temperature
5. Athletics were my father's favourite sport.
6. The team usually plays very well
7. The people in our group was watching the film.
8. Hurry! There is not many time left.
9. Two five-pound notes is on the table.
10. The police is chasing the suspect.


Language Functions: Showing Surprise or Interest

Expressing Interest Expressing Surprise
How interesting! Really? I didn't know that
Is that right? Good Heavens!
Respond to the following situation:
1- Someone tells you that he has won two Olympic gold medals. You are very surprised.
2- Your sister tells you that the sun is millions of miles away from the Earth. Express how you feel about this.
3- Your mother tells you that the prices of food will go down. You are interested.
4- Your friend tells you that he is going to travel to space.


Test on unit 2

A- Language Functions
1- Respond to the following situations:
a) Your friend has joined a reading group. You want to know the number of people in the group.
b) Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote the Prisoner of Zenda in three months. You are very surprised by this.
c) You are told that Anthony Hope paid for the publication of his first novel himself. Express how you feel about this.
d) Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote more than 30 works of fiction altogether. You are interested

2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: (August, 2009)

a) A: When did you graduate?
B: In 2005.
A: Do you use the computer well?
B: Yes, sir. I've worked as a programmer in a
big company for 3 years.


b) A: Wow! Look at that dinosaur and here are its eggs.
They are huge.
B: Don't touch the exhibits, please.
A: Oh, sorry. Can you tell me where the insect exhibition is, please?
B: It's on the right, next to the fossils.


B- Vocabulary and Structure
3. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1. I think (healthy - wealthy – bankrupt – weak) countries should help poor ones.
2. Novels are usually works of (infection – friction – fiction – reflection), but they are often based on real life.
3. Anthony Hope's first novel was (punished – published – crashed – established) in 1890.
4. Films and books can sometimes help people to (escape – yield – resort – enjoy) from their worries.
5. My brother had a good (school – nursery – college – education). He went to one of the best universities.
6. You can still see a lot of (classical – fictional – educational - logical) architecture in Greece and Rome.
7. The last important (chance – occasion – opportunity – incident) I went to was my brother's wedding.
8. Everyone has the right (for – with - to – in) their own beliefs.
9. Five miles (is – are – were – have been) a long way to walk.
10. How (much – many – few – little) oil did you buy? –Two litres.
11. The main evening news (are – have been – were – is) on Channel 1 at 9 o'clock.
12. Forty minutes (have been – was – were – are) a long time to wait for the bus.
13. We have to hurry. There is (many – a lot – few – little) time left.
14. This information (has – have – are – were) helped me a lot.
15. Gymnastics (help – are helping – helps – have helped) to keep your body fit.
16.There are sixty minutes in (some – one – many – much) hour.
4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Shylock was the champion of Shakespeare's the Merchant of Venice.
2- The film is based in a novel by Naguib Mahfouz.
3- I'll be back in a double of minutes.
4- How many coffer would you like? – Two cups, please.
5- Thirty pounds are a lot of money for a five-year-old boy.
6. The police thinks that he has forged the money.

C-Reading Comprehension
5- Read the following passage and answer the questions: (August, 2009)
Nothing we do in this world is done in isolation. It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success. In every situation where you are in a group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear.
Some people are natural leaders. True leaders are born and you can spot them. They are people who combine toughness, fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders, most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught in training courses which use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader, such as self-confidence, calmness and intelligence. They also need to be able to work under pressure. Lastly, and probably most importantly, good leaders need to be sensitive, sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people. Good leadership is the ability to influence others and allow all members of the group to contribute.
A. Answer the following questions:
1- What are the qualities of good leaders?
2- Why are people in a leaderless group often dissatisfied and frustrated?
3- Do you think that leadership is a natural born talent or learned skill? Write your own point of view.
4- According to the passage, what does good leadership mean?
B. Choose the correct answer:
5- Successful leaders shouldn't be-------------.
a) fair b) wise c) selfish d) experienced
6- Most people now recognize that they can ----------------- leadership.
a) borrow b) offer c) export d) learn
7- The underlined pronoun "they" refers to ---------------.
a) true leaders b) arguments and tensions c) training courses d) leaders' works

6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Our mothers had always warned us about the forest and had never allowed us to go there. We were delighted when they finally gave us the permission to play in the forest.
Immediately my cousins and I went to the forest. As soon as we reached the forest, we realised how big it was. As expected, the forest was very dark.
My cousins blindfolded me. Then they went to hide. It was black and I could not see at all. So I walked around with my hands stretched out to feel my way. Suddenly, I bumped into something very hard. At first, I thought it was my cousin. I took off the blindfold, and I was shocked. I had walked into a beehive! I screamed loudly so that everyone could hear me and ran away as fast as I could. The bees followed me and attacked me. I was being stung everywhere!
Fortunately, I found a lake and jumped into it. After some time, the bees flew away and I got out of the lake. My cousins laughed at me because I was all wet.

Answer the following questions:
1. Why were the writer and his cousins delighted?
2. Why did the writer stretch out his hands as he walked around?
3-Find words in the passage which mean:
a) cover someone's eyes with cloth b) at once
Choose the correct answer:
4. The writer removed the blindfold when he --------------------.
(a) was stung by the bees (b) heard strange sounds
(c) felt delighted (d) bumped into something very hard
5. The underlined word "they" refers to --------------------------.
(a) cousins (b) forests (c) mothers (d) bees
D- Writing
8- Write a paragraph of about 100 words about: (August, 2009)
"How can we help to protect and improve the environment"


E- Translation
9- A) Translate into Arabic: (August, 2009)
Modern societies need enormous amounts of power for heating, lighting and industry. Most of this power comes from coal and oil. Experts say that this type of fuel will soon be used up. Scientists will have to search for alternative sources of energy.

B) Translate into English:

1- إن العمل الجماعي يقوي الروابط و القيم الإنسانية بين الناس.
2- لابد أن نشجع الاستثمارات الأجنبية في مصر من أجل تحسين الاقتصاد القومي.