UNIT 6 الصف الثالث الثانوى لغة انجليزية شرح مميز

UNIT 6

Vocabulary:

calculate يحسب bark لحاء الشجر
extract يستخرج / يستخلص / مادة مستخلصة harden يجعله صلبا
width عرض / اتساع ring حلَقة
tube أنبوب cardboard ورق مقوي / كرتون
instrument أداة products منتجات
rubber مطاط / مطاطي sap عصارة
toothpaste معجون أسنان turpentine التربنتينة (زيت يُستخرج من أشجار الصنوبر
roots الجذور cells خلايا
trunk الجذع branch فرع
leaves أوراق الشجر goats ماعز
damage ضرر / تلف soft ناعم / أملس
cellular خلوي farms مزارع
nuts الجوز breathe يتنفس
breath النَفَس breathing التنفس
heating التدفئة woods غابة
furniture الأثاث musical instrument آلة موسيقية
paint remover مزيل طلاء chemical مادة كيميائية
plastic البلاستيك flat مسطح
seeds البذور plough يحرث
irrigate يَروي fertile خصب
bridge جسر / كوبري pink وردي
car tyres إطارات السيارات brush فرشاة / يستخدم الفرشاة
firm صلب / حازم / شركة stiff جامد / صلب
thin رقيق / رفيع count the rings يعِد الحلقات
sequoia نوع من الأشجار الطويلة ينمو في كاليفورنيا violin كمان
musical sounds أصوات موسيقية punish يعاقب
punishment العقاب container وعاء / إناء / حاوية
prune trees يُقَلِم الأشجار absorb يمتص
absorption امتصاص rain forests الغابات المطيرة
owner مالك detective مخبر
select يختار selection اختيار
plot حبكة scene مشهد
gradual تدريجي gradually بالتدريج

Words and their antonyms:

minor ثانوي major رئيسي
common عام / شائع uncommon غير شائع
dry جاف wet مبلل
valuable قيم valueless بلا قيمة
expensive غالي الثمن cheap رخيص
better أفضل worse أسوأ
fertile خصب infertile غير خصب
negative سلبي positive ايجابي
kind عطوف cruel قاس
upwards متجه لأعلي downwards متجه لأسفل
initial أولي final نهائي
about تقريبا exactly بالضبط
attached متصل detached منفصل
health الصحة illness المرض
wealth الغني / الثروة poverty الفقر
punishment العقاب reward الثواب / المكافأة

Prepositions and Expressions:

cut down يقطع / يُقلل carry from .. to ينقل من .. إلي
leave out يستبعد along the sides of the street علي جانبي الشارع
believe it or not صدق أو لا تصدق in addition to بالإضافة إلي
make predictions يتنبأ in general بصفة عامة
do a favour يقدم خدمة أو معروف good for مفيد لـ
get in the team ينضم للفريق fall over in the wind يسقط أثناء هبوب الرياح
a set of instructions مجموعة تعليمات get better at يتحسن في
put down roots يستقر (في مكان معين) put out fire يُطفئ النيران
hide from enemies يختبئ من الأعداء in the shape of a circle علي شكل دائرة
make paper out of wood يصنع الورق من الخشب take in يمتص / يفهم / يخدع
keep .. away from يُبعد .. عن do damage to يضُر / يُلحق ضررا بـ
do good to يعود بالفائدة علي give out يُخرج / يُطلق
make up يُشكِل / يُكَوِن / يخترع قصة point downwards يمتد أو يتجه لأسفل


Irregular Verbs:

freeze/froze/frozen يتجمد rise/rose/risen يرتفع
misspell/ misspelt /misspelt
misspell/misspelled / misspelled يخطئ في الهجاء run/ran/run يجري
misspend/misspent/misspent يبدد الوقت أو المال see/saw/seen يري
mistake/mistook/ mistaken يخطئ sell/sold/sold يبيع
misunderstand/ misunderstood/misunderstood يسيء فهم set/set/set يعد/ يضبط/ تغرب
(للشمس)


Derivatives:

Verb Noun Adj.
remove يُزيل remover مزيل
removal إزالة removable يمكن إزالته
harden يجعله صلبا hardness الصلابة hard صلب
widen يُوسع width عرض / اتساع wide واسع
lengthen يُطَوِل / يطيل length الطول long طويل
mix يخلط mixture خليط mixed مختلط
close يُغلق closure إغلاق closed مغلق
add يُضيف addition إضافة additional إضافي
destroy يُدمر destruction تدمير destructive مُدَمِر / هدام
construct يبني construction بِناء constructive بَنَاء
measure يقيس measurement قياس measurable يمكن قياسه



Words that go together

sports equipment أجهزة رياضية set rules and regulations يضع القواعد واللوائح
break the rules يُخالف القواعد abide by the law يلتزم بالقانون
give instructions يعطي تعليمات international community المجتمع الدولي
the united nations الأمم المتحدة reclaim the desert يستصلح الصحراء
forest clearance إزالة الغابات spread awareness ينشر الوعي
reduce noise pollution يقلل التلوث الضوضائي develop new techniques يُطَور أساليب جديدة
square kilometer كيلومتر مربع cubic centimeter سنتيمتر مكعب
foreign investment الاستثمار الأجنبي cardboard box صندوق من الكرتون
rubber gloves قفاز من المطاط exert efforts يبذل الجهود
witness a great shift يشهد تحولا كبيرا resolve / solve the crisis يحل الأزمة
alleviate suffering يخفف المعاناة annual festival مهرجان سنوي


Read the following passage carefully:

Why do we need trees?
If you ask people why we need trees, most of them will answer: “we need wood from tees for building houses”; “we get fruit and nuts from trees”; “we make paper out of wood from trees”; “we can use wood as a fuel for cooking and heating”. Recently, people have added a more serious reason to this list: “Trees help the earth to breathe” or “they protect us from global warming”.
It has been said that more than 5000 things in everyday use are made from trees. Here are a few of them: furniture, sports equipment, pencils, magazines and newspapers, cardboard boxes, musical instruments and- believe it or not- some kinds of toothpaste.
In addition to these uses, trees also give us valuable chemicals. Turpentine, which is used as paint remover, is made from the sap of trees. Sap can also be used to make rubber. If wood is heated, chemicals are produced which can be used to make medicines and some kinds of plastic. Wood products can also be turned into paper, cardboard and materials from which clothes can be made. You may be surprised to hear that wood products are also used in some types of ice cream and other foods.
So, the next time you are reading a newspaper, eating an ice cream, playing the piano or cleaning your teeth, just stop and think: how would you manage to do these things if there were no trees?

Definitions:

bark the material that forms the surface of the wood of a tree
harden to become firm or stiff.
ring an object in the shape of a circle
tube a pipe that liquids or gases go through.
roots the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water.
calculate to find out something or measure something by using numbers
extract to remove something
width the distance from one side of something to the other
cardboard very stiff thick paper, used especially for making boxes
instrument something such as a piano or violin used for producing musical sounds
products things that are made or grown to be sold
rubber A substance used for making tyres, boots, etc.
sap the liquid that carries food through plants and trees
toothpaste substance used for cleaning your teeth
turpentine a strong-smelling liquid used for removing paint

Language Notes:

•لاحظ استخدام الصفة في هذا التركيب:

It ( be ) + adj. + of + someone +(not) to do something

(nice / kind / stupid / silly / clever / polite / careless)
It is kind of you to help me.
It was careless of Jack not to lock the door.
•يُضاف المقطع th الي بعض الكلمات لتكوين الاسم:

wide width long length strong strength
deep depth grow growth heal health

تستخدم else بعد الكلمات التي تبدأ بـ some – every – no – some وتنتهي بالكلمات one / thing / body / where مثل:
Someone else/ everyone else / something else / nothing else
 وتستخدم else بعد أدوات الاستفهام what / who / why / where:
•Do you need anything else?
•Who else attended حضر the meeting?
۩ be made of: مصنوع من (مادة لا تتغير خواصها)
•This watch is made of gold.
۩ be made from: مصنوع من (مادة أو أكثرتتغير خواصها)
•This cake is made from flour, butter and milk.
۩ be made by: مصنوع بواسطة (مبني للمجهول)
• This hat was made by a friend of mine.
۩ be made in: مصنوع في (مكان معين)
• A lot of products are now made in China.
 الصفة المركبة تتكون عادة من كلمتين وتصف الاسم بعدها:
۩ Adj. / Adv. + PP: ۩ Adj. / Adv. / n. + V + ing:

old-fashioned densely-populated kind-hearted
deeply-rooted open-minded absent-minded
brightly-coloured widely-used strong-minded
far-reaching long-lasting mouth-watering
never-ending labour-saving fast-growing

۩ تأتي catch بمعاني مختلفة:

catch the ball catch a thief catch fire
catch a disease catch fish catch a train /a bus
catch up with catch someone's attention catch sight of
۩ تأتي hold بمعاني مختلفة:

hold a meeting / a conference hold a position / a post hold an opinion
hold (500) people hold (him) responsible for hold the line = hold on

Words often confused:


۩ wander يتجول ۩ wonder يتساءل / يستغرب / يتعجب
•He wandered around the mall for half an hour.
•I wonder if I could borrow your car. •Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour.
۩ quiet هاديء ۩ quite تماما / الي حد ما ۩ quit يترك / يغادر / يتوقف عن
•We'll have to be quiet so as not to wake the baby. •The food in the canteen is quite good.
•That's quite a different matter. •She's going to quit her job.

۩ connect something to something يوصل بجهاز
•First connect the printer to the computer.
۩ connect something with something يوصل / يرتبط بـ
•The railway link would connect Tanta with Cairo.
•There was nothing to connect him with the crime.

contact يتصل بـ
•Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.

۩ climate: المناخ (الظروف الجوية السائدة في مكان ما علي مدي سنوات)
•This part of the country has a dry climate.

۩ weather: حالة الجو (من حيث درجة الحرارة والرطوبة وغيرها في فترة قصيرة)
•The weather today is so hot.

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
1- Many boxes are (made of – made in – made by – made from) cardboard.
2- People put (toothpaste – cream – tablets – pills) on their brush to clean their teeth.
3- Every year, the cells under the bark of a tree (hard – herd – harden – burden) and become new wood.
4- This road is too narrow for all today's traffic, so they are going to (shorten – sharpen – harden – widen) it.
5- That old bridge over the river is very weak. They will have to (lengthen – strengthen – narrow – weaken) it soon.
6- The new trousers are too long, so my mother is going to (broaden – widen – deepen – shorten) them for me.
7- The knife doesn't cut very well. I need to (weaken – sharpen – harden – widen) it.
8- That film is so popular that the queues to see it (widen – strengthen - lengthen – long) every day.
9- The liquid that carries food in trees is called (tap – nap – sap – lap).
10- A violin is a musical (instrument – equipment – machine – technique).
11- She used rubber (doves – clubs – gloves – cups) to protect her hands from chemicals.
12- She has a lot of sports (equipment – styles – techniques - ways) in her house.
13- The world is trying to find a solution to the problem of (local – regional – universal – global) warming.
14- He used a paint (remove – removal – removing – remover) to clean his shirt.
15- My hands (hardened – awakened – broadened – lengthened) when I was working on the farm.
16- We can determine the (length – width -age – disease) of a tree by counting the rings.
17- We need 3 test (taps – tips – tubes – tops) for this experiment.
18- Egypt exports a lot of (conducts – instructs – deducts – products) to other countries.
19- I (included – excluded – calculated – valued) that we would arrive there at 6. p.m.
20- The oil which is (extracted – retreated – contacted – conducted) from olives is used for cooking.
21- The garden is 20 metres in (wide – widen – width – the wide).
22- The scientists couldn't (accumulate – insulate – congratulate – calculate) when the spaceship would reach the moon.
23- This firm has (leaves – trunks – branches – roots) in many cities.
24- A lot of medicines come from tropical (rainforests – rainbows – raindrops – rainfalls).
25- The walls of the house (avoid – protect – absorb – widen) heat during the day.
26- Wheat grows well on (futile – fertile – file – infertile) soil.
27- Cutting (in – of – away – down) trees causes damage to the environment.
28- We should plant more trees (along – beneath – off – above) the sides of streets.
29- Five trees fell (on – over – to – in) in the storm.
30- After ten years of travelling around the world, she felt it was time to put down (roots – branches – trunks – leaves) somewhere.
31- You have to obey all the (roles – reels – rails – rules) and regulations.
32- The (weather – climate – atmosphere – sky) was so cold yesterday, so we didn't go out.
33- In (add – additional – addition – additive) to washing the dishes, she tidied her room.
34- They (drilled – pulled – called - felled) into the tree and extracted a thin piece of wood.
35- The (width – health – wealth – filth) of the rings of trees depend on the climate and the amount of rain.
36- Studying the rings of trees shows us (why – when – how much – what) the weather was like hundreds of years ago.
37- Most trees (die – live – grow – reach) bigger every year.
38- In every tree, there is a circle of soft cells which (harden – drop – stay – go) every spring or summer.
39- The (tapes – tunnels – tubes – channels) carry water from a tree's roots to its leaves.
40- The bark (destroys – demolishes – protects – hides) the living part of the tree.

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Car tyres and the bottoms of some shoes are made from rubber.
2- The tree's leaves help it to take off light from the sun.
3- This cream contains expands from several plants.
4- The tallest tree is among two and three thousand years old.
5- Goats and other animals can die trees by damaging the bark.
6- The cells below the bark firm new wood every year.
7- The more air there is in a year, the wider the tree rings are.
8- It is possible to inculcate the age of a tree.
9- We need wood from trees for demolishing houses.
10- We can make paper down of wood.
11- Wood can be used as a feel for cooking and heating.
12- Trees help to increase pollution.
13- Turpentine is used as a paint mover.
14- The climate today is so cold. I can't go out.
15- This road contacts Assiut with Fayoum.


.


Zero & First Conditionals

1-First Conditional:

If + Present simple will / may / can /should /had better / must + inf.

• تستخدم الحالة الأولي في حالة عدم وجود مضارع بسيط و تجد في الجملة أفعال ناقصة مثل may/must / will أو فعل أمر أو or وتدل علي احتمال وقوع الحدث :
• If I earn some money, I'll go abroad.
• If we have enough time, we'll visit Ahmed.
• وقد تعبر هذه الحالة عن موقف ربما يكون حقيقي في المضارع:
• If you are hot, I'll buy you a cool drink.
• لاحظ انه يمكن استخدام فعل أمر في الجزء الثاني من الجملة:

• You may come across Frank at the supermarket. If so, ask him to phone me.
If you come across Frank at the supermarket, ask him to phone me.

• She may have enough time tomorrow. If so, she will type the reports.
If she has enough time tomorrow, she will type the reports.

• She must do the job well or she will be fired.
If she doesn't do the job well, she will be fired.
• تُستخدم unless : بدلا من IF ويأتي بعدها الفعل في صيغة الإثبات :
• Unless she takes a taxi, she won't be there in time.
= If she doesn't take a taxi, she won't be there in time.
• لاحظ انه يمكن استخدام it is + adj. + to + inf. في الجزء الثاني من الجملة:
• If you go to Mozambique, it is possible to find work there.
• لاحظ صيغة السؤال مع : if
• What will you do if you find yourself in a dangerous situation?
What will happen if you lose all your money?
•يمكن استخدام الكلمات الآتية بدلا من If في الحالة الأولي:

As long as = If
Provided (that) / Providing (that) = only if

•You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully.
Provided that you have a lot of money, you can buy this car.
•يمكن استخدام in case of + v+ing بدلا من IF في الحالة الأولي:
•In case of studying hard, you'll pass the test.
•يمكن استخدام Shouldبدلا من IF في الحالة الأولي:
Should you need anything else, please ring me.
= If you need anything else, please ring me.


Zero Conditional

•If + present simple present simple
•تعبر هذه الحالة عن حقيقة أو عـادة ولاحظ أننا في هذه الحالة يمكن أن نستخدم when بدلا من IF:
• If you heat ice, it melts. = When you heat ice, it melts.
• If a volcano erupts, it sends dust into the atmosphere. = When a volcano ….
• If you water plants, they grow. = When you water ……
• If I have time, I usually walk to school. = When I have ….


Adjectives الصفات

Comparative adjectives: صفات المقارنة

•تستخدم الصفات عادة مع فعل to be وأفعال أخري مثل look / seem / appear / taste / feel / sound / smell:
• It was cold. • She looks ill. • The food smells bad.
•نضيف er في حالة الصفات القصيرة:
cheap cheaper large larger quiet quieter
•نضيف er في حالة الصفات القصيرة التي تنتهي ب y بعد تغيير y إلي i :
pretty prettier pricy pricier

•إذا انتهت الصفة القصيرة بحرف متحرك يليه ساكن نضاعف الحرف الأخير
thin thinner fat fatter


•إذا كانت الصفة القصيرة تنتهي بـ e نضيف في المقارنة r فقط وفي التفضيل st
Wide wider widest nice nicer nicest
•في حالة الصفات الطويلة نستخدم:
more / less …. than

more / less (interesting) than more / less (famous) than
•في حالة التساوي في الصفة نستخدم:

as + adj./adv. + as

•John is as rich as Peter

•في حالة النفي نستخدم:
not as / so + adj./ adv. + as

لاحظ أن :
the same + n. + as = as + adj. + as

 Hassan isn’t as old as Peter.
Peter is older than Hassan
Hassan is younger than Peter.
Hassan isn't the same age as Peter.

 I don’t know as many people as you do.
You know more people than I do.
I know fewer people than you do.
I don't know the same number of people as you do.
•يمكن استخدام /slightly / even / a bit / much /a lot / a little / far قبل صفات المقارنة:
 The green shirt is a lot newer than the red one..
 لاحظ أن صيغة المقارنة من ill هي worse والمقارنة من well هي better
 She feels much better today. • He was so ill yesterday. He's even worse today.


Superlative adjectives: صفات التفضيل

•في حالة الصفات القصيرة تتكون صيغة التفضيل من:
the Adj.+ est

deep the deepest high the highest
•في حالة الصفات الطويلة تتكون صيغة التفضيل من:
the most / the least + adj.
interesting the most / the least interesting
Irregular adjectives:صفات شاذة
good better best bad worse worst
much
many
far farther/further farthest / furthest
little less least

further = more  Are there any further questions?
لاحظ استخدام التفضيل من الصفة مع الكلمات first / second / third,..etc
• Alexandria is the second largest city in Egypt.
 لا تستخدم the قبل صفة التفضيل في حالة وجود ضمير ملكية قبل الصفة:
• It was his biggest achievement in Chemistry.
يمكن استخدام less فبل الصفات القصيرة
• He is less tall than his friend. = He is not as tall as his friend
= His friend is taller than him.
= He is not the same height as his friend.



لاحظ الاسم من الصفات الآتية:
long Length expensive price
wide width big size
old age far distance
deep depth high height
• Your house is as high as mine.
Your house is the same height as mine.

• The red shirt is as expensive as the white shirt.
The red shirt is the same price as the white shirt.

the ……. the…….. كلما ---- كلما

•لاحظ استخدام صفات المقارنة في هذا التركيب
• ويدل هذا التركيب علي أن شيء يعتمد علي آخر

the less the less
the more the more
the + adj.-er the + adj.-er

• If you study hard, you'll get high marks.
•The harder you study, the higher marks you will get.
• You eat a lot. You become fat.
The more you eat the fatter you become.

لاحظ استخدام المضارع التام بعد صفة التفضيل •
• This is the loveliest card I’ve ever received.

than + me (I +v.) / her (she +v.),etc.

•لاحظ شكل الضمير بعد than (يستخدم ضمير فاعل إذا كان بعده فعل و ضمير مفعول في حالة عدم وجود فعل):
• He is taller than me/him/her.
But: He is taller than I am / he is/ she is.
•الصفة إما أن تسبق الاسم أو تلي بعض الأفعال مثلTo Be:
• The boy is clever. • He is a clever boy

•ولكن الصفات التالية لا تستخدم قبل الاسم أبدا و لكن تستخدم بعد be وأفعال مثلseem / look / feel:

afraid / awake / asleep / alone / alight / absent/alive

•The boy was afraid. •She seems awake.

•الصفات المنتهية بـ ed تستخدم للعاقل و الصفات المنتهية بـ ing تستخدم لغير العاقل:
excited exciting amazed amazing

•Jane is bored because her job is boring.
•Tom is interested in the job. •Tom finds the job interesting.

•أحيانا تستخدم الصفة المنتهية بـ ing مع العاقل:
• He is a boring person. انه شخص ممــل
• She is bored. إنها تشعر بالملل
Exception: استثناء impressed متأثر impressive مبهر
delighted سعيد delightful مبهج

•She was delighted with the news.
•Thank you for this delightful evening.
يمكن استخدام صفتي مقارنة للدلالة علي التغير المستمر في شيء •
•ولاحظ أن الصفة بعد and تأخذ نفس شكل الصفة قبلها.
• It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job.
• It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.
•يمكن استخدام to + inf. بعد الصفات التالية
happy / pleased/ disappointedخاب أمله /amazed/afraid/glad / delighted /surprised / sad / relieved يشعر براحة astonishedمندهش

 I am sorry to hear that your brother is ill. •Tom was surprised to see me.


Language Functions:

Asking for Instructions Giving Instructions
How can I operate (this coffee machine)? First, switch it on, then press the red button
Can you show me how to (use this vacuum cleaner? First, connect it to the electricity supply. After that, press the red button.
How does (this machine) work? First …. / Then…./ Next…./ Finally….
Exercises on Grammar

Choose the correct answer:
1- If it (is – was – are – has been) a dry year, the rings of the tree are narrower.
2- If it (has rained – will rain – had rained – rains), our plants will grow well.
3- If the goats eat the bark on my trees, the trees (are dying – will die – might have died – will have died).
4- If people (don't get – won't get – haven't got – wouldn't get) enough food, they become ill.
5- If it goes on raining for much longer, the river (will flood – is flooding – has flooded – flood).
6- If the farmer's fields (got – are getting – get – will get) very dry this summer, he will irrigate them.
7- If you heat ice, it (is melting – melted – melts – would melt).
8- If there (is – has been – was – were) a sandstorm tonight, the town will be full of sand tomorrow.
9- If you mix yellow and blue, You (would get – are getting – get – may get) green.
10- If you (aren't watering – don't water – won't water – wouldn't water) these plants soon, they'll die.
11- If the wind is very strong, it (will blow – has blown – would blow – had blown) trees down.
12- If scientists study the rings of trees, they (found – would find – can find – have found) information about our climate in the past.
13- If there (wasn't – weren't – hadn't been – isn't) much rain in a year, the rings in a tree are close together.
14- If they extract a thin piece of wood from the tree, they (can calculate – would calculate – have calculated – might have calculated) its age without cutting it down.
15- If a tree (have – has had – is having – has) deep roots, it won't fall over in strong winds.
16- If the bark of a tree is destroyed, the tree (died – is dying – would die – dies).
17- If you (picked – will pick – have picked – pick) those apples now, they won't taste very sweet.
18- If you leave now, you (catch – will catch – would catch – must have caught) the train.
19- Water freezes if the temperature (is – was – has been – will be) zero or below.
20- If you (throw – threw – have thrown – had thrown) that stone, you'll break a window.

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1. Hurry up! If we don't hurry, we'd be late
2. It's raining hard. We get wet if we go out.
3. I would have been angry if it happens again.
4. We see the whole match if we leave now.
5. If she works hard, she earns more money.
6. Don't worry if I was late tonight.
7. If they didn't come soon, I'm not going to wait.
8. If she ran all the way, she'll get there in time.
9. If he will be sick, he had better go to bed.
10. The dog doesn't attack you if you sit quite still.
11. Unless you don't wear boots, you may get bitten by snakes.
12. He can stay with me provided he agreed to help with the housework.
13. If the bark of the tree was badly damaged, the tree dies.
14. You can see the rings if you are cutting the tree down.
15. If there was a lot of rain during the year, the rings are quite wide.


Test on Unit 6

A- Language Functions
1- Respond to the following situations:
1. You want to make tea the English way. Ask your friend for advice.
2. Your sister ask for your advice about how to keep fit.
3. You are at an interview. You are asked about your marital status.
4. You are introduced to someone you have never met before.

2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:
1- A: I'd like to renew my passport, please.
B: You need to fill in this form and bring two recent photos.


2- A: Can I book a flight to London, please?
B: Sure. When would you like to travel?
A: Tomorrow morning.

B- Vocabulary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer:
1- The (leaves – roots – bark – branches) are the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water.
2- The hard outside part of a tree is called the (ark – clerk – bark – park).
3- (Leaves – Roots – Bark – Branches) are the flat green parts at the ends of the branches of a tree.
4- A fruit grows on a plant or tree and has (leaves – roots – seeds – branches) inside.
5- Every year, trees grow extra (rings – sings – brings- kings) of new wood.
6- The liquid that carries food in trees is called (lab – map – nap – sap).
7- A piano is a musical (measurement -instrument – movement – improvement) .
8- We can use turpentine to (remove – prove – disprove – drove) paint.
9- I get a headache if I (will spend – spent – am spending – spend) too long on the computer.
10- If she (train – will train – trains – has trained) hard, she will win next week's race.
11- If you mix red and white, you (may get – might get – would get – get) pink.
12- If you (are practising – practises – practise – had practised) a sport, you get better at it.
13- If you work hard, you (will do – would do – have done – are doing) well in the test.
14- If you (read – are reading – were reading – reads) quickly, you learn quickly, too.
15- If you plant a tree, it (help – is helping – might help – helps) the world to breathe.
16- If you plant a tree, it (will look – has looked – is looking – might have looked) lovely in a few years.

4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- If he paid me tonight, I'll have enough money for the tickets.
2- If I get a work permit, I stay for another six months.
3- If he agrees to let me go on working after marriage, I would marry him.
4- There is no tooth decay in these tubes.
5- This instance measures breathing and blood pressure.
6- Her company has benches in Cairo and Alexandria.

C- Reading Comprehension
5- Read the following passage and then answer the questions: (August, 2007)
A tuk-tuk is a type of taxi with three wheels. The driver sits at the front and behind him is a seat for three passengers. Sometimes four passengers can fit into the tuk-tuk, but it is very uncomfortable! They are called tuk-tuks because of the funny sounds of their small engines. There are thousands of tuk-tuks in Bangkok, Thailand.

One tuk-tuk driver is Pom Sanniwat. Pom is 52 years old and has been driving his tuk-tuk for almost 25 years. Like many tuk-tuk drivers, Pom comes from the north of Thailand. Pom's village was very poor. There was no work on the farms, so Pom came to Bangkok. He decided to become a tuk-tuk driver because it looked like fun.

Pom likes being a tuk-tuk driver because he can speak to many people every day. He can also earn over $400 a month. Almost anyone can become a tuk-tuk driver. Tuk-tuks are very easy to drive. But driving a tuk-tuk has its disadvantages, too. When Pom started driving his tuk-tuk, he often got lost. Pom also has a long day. He works from 6 o'clock in the morning until 9 at night. There are many cars and buses in Bangkok, so there is a lot of pollution. The pollution is bad for Pom's health.


Answer the following questions:
1-Why does Pom like his job as a tuk-tuk driver?
2-Why is driving a tuk-tuk bad for Pom's health?
3-What do you think of the tuk-tuk as a means of transportation? Why?
Choose the correct answer:
5- -------------- passengers can sit comfortably in a tuk-tuk.
a) Three b) Four
c) Five d) Six
6-Tuk-tuks are ------------ in Bangkok, Thailand.
a) rare b) uncommon c) available d) banned

6- Read the following passage then answer the questions below :
For most of us, the idea of soup which stops us getting ill, or crisps which relax us seems like something from a science-fiction film. However, these food products known as "functional foods" may already be on your supermarket's shelves.

In today's world, we all know that our diet affects our health. Therefore, food companies are taking advantage of this fact. They have already started to use ingredients in their products which will offer extra health benefits to their customers. For example, orange juice already contains vitamin C, but now you can buy orange juice with added calcium to strengthen your bones and teeth.

Of course, there are people who believe that functional foods are a bad idea. They claim that products such as these can be dangerous, as people may end up taking more vitamins than they need and may damage their bodies as a result. Nevertheless, functional foods are becoming increasingly popular, and supporters feel that it won't be long before there are foods which prevent cancer, protect eyesight and much more.

A) Answer the following questions:
1- Why are some people against functional foods ?
2- What are the advantages of functional foods ?
3- Would you like your regular meals to include functional foods ? Why ?


B) Choose the correct answer:
4- Some food companies benefit from functional foods by…………….. .
a) offering extra health advantages to their customers.
b) reducing vitamins in their products.
c) helping customers save more money.
d) helping customers consume more food.
5- A suitable title for the passage can be:…………………….. .
a) "The Advantages of Functional Foods" b) "The Disadvantages of Functional Foods"
c) "Functional Foods in Science Fiction" d) "A New Type of Foods"

D- Writing
8- Write a letter to your friend Peter giving him advice about the best way to study his lessons. Your name is Michael.

9- A) Translate into Arabic: (August, 2007)
Poverty and social problems may lead some children to end up living in the streets. Sooner or later, street children will turn to a life of crime. The whole society should help these children grow up to become good citizens.

B) Translate into English:
1- يجب أن نستفيد من تجارب الآخرين في الصناعة و التكنولوجيا.
2- زيادة ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي هي السبب الرئيسي للاحتباس الحراري.