UNIT 4 الصف الثالث الثانوى لغة انجليزية شرح مميز

UNIT 4
Vocabulary:

competition مسابقة / منافسة old fashioned بطُل استعماله / غير مساير للموضة
routine روتين / معتاد custom عادة
develop يُطور / ينمي district حي سكني / منطقة / مقاطعة
establish يُثبت / يُرسخ / يؤسس law القانون
pioneer رائد style أسلوب
interpret يُفسر documentary فيلم وثائقي أو تسجيلي
national قومي / وطني average متوسط
insist يُصـر attachments مرفقات
midday منتصف اليوم publisher ناشر
syllable مقطع (في كلمة) race سباق
exactly بالضبط / تماما sound يبدو
initiative مبادرة immigration الهجرة
collection مجموعة diplomat (n) دبلوماسي
diplomacy الدبلوماسية diplomatic (adj.) دبلوماسي
fiction الأدب القصصي article مقالة
political سياسي report تقرير
a politician (n) سياسي a lawyer محامي
literature الأدب excellent ممتاز
devastate يُدمر destroy يُدمر
graduate يتخرج / خريج graduation التخرج
the Arab World العالم العربي the Middle East الشرق الأوسط
the Far East الشرق الأقصى disability إعاقة
disaster كارثة catastrophe كارثة
collect يجمع postman ساعي البريد
poverty الفقر suffering المعاناة
illiteracy الأمية despair اليأس
readily بسهولة / حالا respected يحظي بالاحترام
Arab society المجتمع العربي a sports teacher مدرس ألعاب
Turkish تركي Italian ايطالي
Russian روسي support يؤيد
regard = consider يعتبر travel agent وكيل سياحي
tour guide مرشد سياحي a film = a movie فيلم
book fair معرض كتاب cultural festival مهرجان ثقافي
culture الثقافة civilization الحضارة
traditional تقليدي a respected position مكانة أو وظيفة محترمة
a product مُنتج organisation منظمة / مؤسسة
rules قواعد values قيم
a particular area منطقة معينة period فترة
usage استخدام reinforce يُقوي / يُدعم / يعزز
encounter يقابل / يواجه handle يتعامل مع
tools أدوات skills مهارات
flexible مرن challenges تحديات
author مؤلف obey يُطيع

Words and their antonyms:

old-fashioned قديم / غير مساير للموضة modern / fashionable حديث / مساير للموضة
lawful قانوني / شرعي unlawful غير قانوني /غير شرعي
customary تقليدي / معتاد unusual غير معتاد
simple بسيط complicated معقد
detest يكره love يحب
support يؤيد oppose يعارض
thoughtful مراع لمشاعر الآخرين thoughtless غير مراع لمشاعر الآخرين
considerate مراع لمشاعر الآخرين inconsiderate غير مراع لمشاعر الآخرين
familiar مألوف unfamiliar غير مألوف
flexible مرن inflexible غير مرن
experienced ذو خبرة inexperienced بلا خبرة

Prepositions and Expressions:

at midday في منتصف اليوم at midnight في منتصف الليل
at night في الليل at dawn في الفجر
in the morning/evening/afternoon في الصباح/المساء/بعد الظهر it gave me a headache سبب لي صداعا
happy with سعيد بـ type something onto the computer يقوم بكتابة شيء علي الكمبيوتر
an expert in/on/at خبير في establish himself as يحقق لنفسه مكانة كـ
make a story into a film يحول قصة إلي فيلم translate into يُترجم إلي
a believer in مؤمن بـ the father of the modern novel رائد الرواية الحديثة
know a lot about يعرف الكثير عن be typical of له نفس صفات أو مزايا كذا
provide a model for يقدم نموذج أو قدوة لـ empathic مشارك للآخرين في معاناتهم ومشاعرهم
tolerant of/towards متسامح تجاه adjust to ستكيف أو يتأقلم علي

Irregular Verbs:

dig/dug/dug يحفر drive/drove/driven يقود (سيارة)
do/did/done يفعل eat/ate/eaten يأكل
draw/drew/drawn يرسم fall/fell/fallen يسقط
dream/dreamt/dreamt
dream/dreamed/dreamed يحلم feed/fed/fed يطعـم
drink/drank/drunk يشرب feel/felt/felt يشعر

Derivatives:

Verb Noun Adj.
compete ينافس / يتنافس competition مسابقة / منافسة competitive تنافسي
confuse يُربك / يُحير confusion ارتباك / حيرة confusing محير / مُربك
retire يتقاعد retirement التقاعد retired متقاعد
pioneer تكون له الريادة pioneer رائد pioneering (انجاز) رائد
believe يعتقد belief اعتقاد believable يمكن تصديقه
collect يجمع collection مجموعة collective جماعي
affect يؤثر علي effect تأثير effective مؤثر / فعًال


Words that go together

e-mail attachments مرفقات بالايميل enter a competition يدخل مسابقة
have a routine لديه روتين معين have lunch يتناول الغداء
against the law ضد القانون break the law يخالف القانون
enforce the law يُطبق أو ينفذ القانون strict laws قوانين صارمة
natural disasters كوارث طبيعية multicultural society مجتمع متعدد الثقافات
civilized society مجتمع متحضر social justice العدالة الاجتماعية
widen horizons يوسع الآفاق human resources الموارد البشرية
members of society أفراد أو أعضاء المجتمع eliminate illiteracy يمحو الأمية




Read the following passage carefully:

Yehia Haqqi (1905 – 1992)
Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literature. As well as being an important writer, he was an expert on Arabic culture.
Yehia Haqqi was born in 1905 in the Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929, he began his career as a diplomat and he worked abroad for more than 20 years. The time he spent in France, Italy, Turkey and Libya gave him experiences he later used in his writing.
At the same time as he was working, Haqqi was also writing stories. His first short story, published in 1925, established him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.
Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people. He had to go to hospital after an earthquake in Cairo, but gave his bed to a poor person who he thought needed it more. In 1955, he wrote a collection of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important prize. Another of his stories, The Postman, was made into a film.
Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth century. Haqqi was also interested in the Arabic language and he devolved a new style of writing which is respected today.
As well as writing his own novels and stories, Haqqi also translated Russian, French, Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic. He was a very strong believer in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers.
Haqqi died in 1992, but is still thought of as the father of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt.

Definitions:

competition a situation in which people or organisations compete with each other
old-fashioned not modern and not fashionable any more
routine (n) the usual way in which you do things
midday Twelve o'clock in the middle of the day.
attachment something you attach to/send with an e-mail
publisher person or company that produces books, magazines, etc., and makes them available for people to buy
custom something that people do in a society because it is traditional
develop to make a new product or idea successful
district an area of a city or country
establish to achieve or give someone a respected position in society or in an organisation
law the system of rules that people in a country or place must obey
pioneer one of the first people to do something that other people will continue to develop
style a way of doing or making something that is typical of a particular person, group or period


Language Notes:
•عند استخدام the قبل صفات معينة تتحول الصفة إلي اسم جمع:
•the poor / the rich / the disabled / the deaf / the blind / the dumb /the sick / the dead / the young / the old / the homeless / the elderly / the unemployed
•The poor are in need of our help. = Poor people are in need of our help.
•تستخدم a قبل كلمات معينة بمعني (في كل أو لكل) وعادة يمكن أن نستخدم مكانها كلمة per
•a day / a month / per hour / per person
•He earns 500 pounds a month.
•He drove 70 miles per hour.
•لاحظ عدم جمع الكلمات الآتية إذا جاء قبلها عدد وبعدها اسم:
Week / second / month / year / minute / hour / day
•I usually have a ten-minute break for coffee at midday.
• a five-hour meeting • a three-day trip
•ولكننا نقول:
• The trip took three days. • The meeting lasted for five hours.
•وفي حالة وجود كلمة time بعد الكلمات السابقة نستخدم 's)) في حالة المفرد و (s') في حالة الجمع:
• in a week's time • in two years' time
•لاحظ الفرق بين الكلمات الآتية:
•Profession مهنة أو عمل يتطلب قدرا كبيرا من التدريب والتعليم مثل الطب والمحاماة والتدريس
•He left the teaching profession to set up his own business.
•Work: العمل بصفة عامة ولا تجمع
•Peter's work involves a lot of travelling. •I have a lot of work to do.
•Work: يقوم بتشغيل ( آلة مثلا)
•Do you know how to work (=operate) this coffee machine?
•اذا جُمعَت كلمة work يصبح معناها مؤلفات أو أعمال فنية أو أدبية:
•a work of art • works of art
•Job: وظيفة (تجمع) و تشير إلي عمل منتظم يقوم به الشخص لكسب المال
•When she left college, she got a job as a secretary.
•She has applied for a job with an insurance company.

•Career: المستقبل الوظيفي / الفترة التي يقضيها الشخص في وظيفة معينة
•He has a long career in journalism. الصحافة

•experience: الخبرة (ما يكتسبه الشخص من معرفة ومهارات من خلال عمل معين – لا تُجمع)
•experiences : مواقف أو تجارب أو خبرات في الحياة
•They offered me the job because I had a lot of experience.
•I had some interesting experiences while I was travelling. (= things that happened to me)
•experiment : تجربة علمية لإثبات صحة شيء ما أو التوصل لنتائج معينة
• Teachers usually carry out simple experiments in the laboratory.

Words often confused:


• routine الروتين اليومي (ما يقوم به الشخص من أعمال في نفس الوقت يوميا)
• red tape روتين الإجراءات الرسمية
•Dressing is a task which we do every day as a matter of routine.
•We must get rid of the red tape in government offices.
• mend يقوم بإصلاح (شيء تالف أو لا يعمل)
• amend يقوم بإجراء تعديل أو تغيير في نص أو قانون
•The plumber came to mend the burst pipe.
•The constitution الدستور was amended some time ago.

•win (T/I)يكسـب / يفـوز بـ a game/ a raceسباق / a medal / a competition مسابقة / a cup / a match /
a contest مسابقة / support دعم/ مساندة/ تأييد/ love / trust ثقة/ confidence ثقة / approvalاستحسان /war/loyalty ولاء/إخلاص / friends

•Which year was it that Italy won the World Cup?

•beat يهزم / يتغلب علي • Holland beat Argentina by 3/1.
•gain يكتسب )information / knowledge معرفة / experience / reputation( سمعة
•gain (weight / speed / height يزداد في (الوزن/السرعة/الارتفاع))
•earn (money / earn a living) يكسب من عمل
•She earns $40,000 a year.

• abroad الخارج • aboard علي متن سفينة أو طائرة أو قطار

•My father travelled abroad on business.
•They finally went aboard the plane.

• other than = except ما عدا
• rather than = in preference to / instead of بدلا من / مفضلا شيء علي آخر
• otherwise = except وإلا
•The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
•I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.
• You'll have to go now, otherwise you'll miss your bus.

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
1. Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant (engineers – mountaineers – pioneers – volunteers).
2. Scientists are paid to (build – develop – arrive – hide) new medicines every year to help people.
3. In my grandfather's village, they still follow the same traditional (customs – classics – reactions – observations) that he used to follow when he was a boy.
4. My sister loves clothes and buys very (changeable – believable - fashionable – comparable) dresses.
5. The flight attendant welcomed us (aboard – abroad – broad – broaden).
6. A (diplomat - publisher – partner – performer) is someone who produces books, newspapers or magazines.
7. My parents gave me a (coronation – competition – recommendation – collection) of modern short stories for my birthday.
8. Yehia Haqqi was an important twentieth century (writer – plumber – teacher – surgeon).
9. To (deepen – drop – develop - envelop) is to make a new product or idea successful.
10. (Habits – Cultures – Civilizations - Customs) are things that people do because they are traditional.
11. All people must (obey – break – destroy – damage) the law.
12. A (biologist – beginner – pioneer - bystander) is one of the first people to do something that others will continue.
13. A (district – strict – constrict - stick) is an area of a town or city.
14. He cannot work because of his (ability – facility – flexibility - disability).
15. The government has promised to provide more money to help (homeless – homes – the homeless – home).
16. Some people believe that (experiments – experience – experiences – examples) on animals should be banned.
17. I had several bad (experiences – experience – experiments – extensions) during my last trip.
18. There was nobody in the house (rather than – other than – otherwise – other) Ali.
19. Brazil (earns – wins – pays - buys) millions of pounds a year from coffee exports.
20. Winning the gold medal at the Olympics was the highlight of his (jobs – works – career – profession).
21. I haven't had a steady (career – job – work – profession) since last March.
22. The homeless often (live – is living – lives – living) on the streets.
23. Which team do you (export – import – support – report)?
24. I'll e-mail my report to you as an (attachment – amendment – adjustment – appointment).
25. There have been significant computer (attachments – appointments - developments – agreements) during the last decade.
26. It's difficult for a small supermarket to (compete – impede – complete – correct) with the big supermarkets.
27. This book is a work of (infection – perfection - fiction – affection) and not intended as a historical account.
28. He is regarded as one of the (heads – bosses - supervisors – pioneers) of modern science.
29. He wouldn't try to mislead you. It's not his (style – case – condition – circumstance).
30. Of course robbery is against the (court – judge – lawyer – law).
31. Many doctors want to see a law (allowing – welcoming – banning – rewarding) all tobacco advertising.
32. His first short story (appointed – posted – allowed – established) him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.
33. In my country, it's the (law – custom – rule – regulation) for women to get married in white.
34. I'm looking for a job which will enable me to (develop – depend – replace – deplete) my skills.
35. There's no fixed (career – profession – routine – position) at work – every day is different.
36. Clothing stores face heavy (connection – competition – communication – collaboration) from factory outlets.
37. Yehia Haqqi was an (expert – experience – experiment – exporter) on Arab culture.
38. The time he spent in different countries gave him (exercises – experiments – experiences – excavations) that he later used in his writing.
39. His collection of short stories (beat – gained – earned – won) an important prize.
40. As well as (write – writing – wrote – to write) novels, he also translated French literature into Arabic.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literary.
2- Yehia Haqqi was born in a poor county of Cairo.
3- Yehia Haqqi is still thought of as the mother of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt.
4- Yehia Haqqi was a strong belief in the power of education.
5- Yehia Haqqi's novels were translated with many languages.
6- Yehia Haqqi was interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new steel of writing.
7- He worked aboard for more than 20 years.
8- Yehia Haqqi's first short story publish in 1925.
9- Yehia Haqqi is a writer of children's infection.
10- The guide offered tourists information on local customary.
11- He spent a three days holiday in Acapulco.
12- His training as a law affected the way he wrote his novels.
13- This price reduction is due to complexion among suppliers.
14- She sent me her photograph as an e-mail detachment.
15- He wanted to help the poor and the disability.




.

Past Tenses: Active & Passive


Past Simple Tense
• يستخدم الماضي البسيط :
1- للتعبير عن حدث انتهي في وقت معين في الماضي:
• I visited my aunt last week. • The ancient Egyptians invented a way of writing.
2- للتعبير عن موقف أو عادة في الماضي:
• When I was on holiday, I went to the sea every day.
 يستخدم الماضي البسيط غالبا مع كلمات مثل:
last (year, night, week, month / summer) / ago / yesterday / in ancient times / once upon a time / the other day, year (= a few days, years ago)/ in 2000 / in the past

• How much bread did you buy yesterday? (في حالة السؤال – لاحظ الفعل في المصدر)
• I didn’t know him then. (في حالة النفي)
• الماضي البسيط في المبني للمجهول :
Was / were + PP

He wrote the letter a few days ago. The letter was written a few days ago.


Used to + inf. تستخدم هذه الصيغة للتعبير عن الماضي: •

I used to play tennis, but now I play football.
•وفي حالة النفي :
Didn't use to + inf.  He didn’t use to smoke, but now he does.

•وفي حالة السؤال :
Did + فاعل + use to + inf. ..? Did she use to cry a lot when she was a baby?

•تستخدم هذه الصيغة للتعبير عن المضارع:
am / is / are used to + -ing

 He is used to having a cup of coffee every morning.
= He usually has a cup of coffee every morning.
•وفي حالة السؤال:

Am / Is / Are + فاعل + used to + V-ing. ..?

 Is she used to living on her own?

•تستخدم no longer بدلا من used to ويأتي بعدها الفعل في الضارع البسيط:
• تستخدم any more / any longer بدلا من used to مع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و تأتى في نهاية الجملة:
 He used to stay up late. = He no longer stays up late.
 He used to live here. = He doesn’t live here any more.


 He is used to the cold weather.
•لاحظ في الجملة السابقة أنه يمكن استخدام اسم أو ضمير بعد :be used to

•لاحظ أنbe used to تأتى بمعني " يستخدم لكي " ويليها inf.:
 Water is used to generate electricity.
•لاحظ أن:
am / is / are used to + -ing = am / is / are in the habit of + ing

 He is in the habit of borrowing money from others.
= He is used to borrowing money from others.

used to + inf. = was / were in the habit of + ing

 She used to sleep in class.. = She was in the habit of sleeping in class.

Past Continuous Tense الماضي المستمر
Was / Were + V-ing يتكون من
• يستخدم الماضي المستمر past continuous :
1- للتعبير عن حدث كان مستمر أثناء وقت معين في الماضي :
• Between seven and half past seven this morning, I was reading the newspaper.
2- للتعبير عن حدث مستمر في الماضي قطعه حدث آخر :
• I was having a shower when the phone rang.
 يستخدم الماضي المستمر غالبا مع كلمات مثل: While / when / As / Just as

• While (When) we were doing the homework, it started to rain.

 لاحظ أن when يمكن أن يأتي بعدها ماضي بسيط :
• We were doing the homework when the storm started.

 يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع while في الماضي المستمر :
• While I was studying, my father was reading.
يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع when في الماضي البسيط :
• When he arrived , he found the door locked.

 يمكن استخدام On بدلا من when و يأتي يعدها : V+ ing
• When he arrived , he found the door locked. = On arriving, he found the door locked.
 يمكن استخدام during بدلا من while و يأتي يعدها noun / V+ ing :
• While he was playing the game, he got hurt. (during)
• During the game, he got hurt. • He got hurt during the game.
 الفعل بعد and يأخذ نفس شكل الفعل الذي يسبقها:
• He was writing a letter and listening to some music.
• She has finished work and gone home.
 لاحظ عدم استخدام to Be في الماضي المستمر:
• While I was at school, I worked to a plan.
• الماضي المستمر في المبني للمجهول :
Was / were being + PP

•He was writing the letter. •The letter was being written.


The Present Perfect Tense

 يتكون المضارع التام من:
Have / Has + PP.

• He has just bought a new car.
 يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن:
1- حدث تم في الماضي ولا يزال له تأثير في الحاضر :
• My car has broken down. = I have to go to work by bus.
2- حدث تم في الماضي و ما زال مستمر في الحاضر :
• I have done this job for many years. = I still do this job.
يستخدم المضـارع التام مع كلمات مثـل :
already / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / lately / recently / so far / up till now



 و يستخدم إذا بدأت الجملة بمـا يلـي :
• It’s/This is the first (second…) time..
• It’s(This) is the only… • In the last few years/months • In recent years
• over the ages / over the years / over the centuries علي مر العصور/ السنين/القرون

•It’s the first time I have been to this place.
•This is the only play I have seen.
• Egypt has made great progress in the last few years.
• لاحظ أن ever/never/just/ already تأتي بينhave/has والتصريف الثالث : PP.
• I have just written the letter.
• يمكن أن تأتي already في نهاية الجملة:
• Twenty million people have seen the film already.
 لاحظ استخدام ever في السؤال و never في الإجابة :
• Have you ever travelled by plane? • No, I have never travelled by plane.

•Just = a short time ago/ a minute ago/ a moment ago
• They left the building a minute ago. (just) = They have just left the building.
 لاحظ استخدام since / for
Since + بداية الحدث

•Since last week / last summer / 1999 / five o’clock / October / this morning / yesterday / then / Monday / breakfast

For + فترة زمنية

•For a week / the last week / a year / five hours / three months / two days / a long time
• I haven’t cleaned the house for a week.
• في حــالة وجـود فعـل واحــد مع since نستخدم المضارع التام :
• في حـالة وجـود فعلين ، يأتي بعد since ماضي بسيط و الفعل الثاني في المضارع التام :
• I haven’t seen her since she graduated.

Last / The last time / ago + past simple

• عند استخدام since / for بدلا من الكلمات السابقة نستخدم مضارع تام منفى:
• I last had my hair cut when I was in Cairo. = I haven’t had my hair cut since I was in Cairo.

• The last time I met Jennie was in 2000.
= I haven’t met Jennie since 2000. = I haven’t met Jennie for 10 years.
• The last time I played chess was six years ago.
= I haven’t played chess since 2003. = I haven’t played chess for seven years.
•في حالة استخدام ago بدلا من for نستخدم started to / began to + inf.:
• He has learnt English for six years. = He began / started to learn English six years ago.
• لاحظ انه عند استخدام since بدلا من for نستخدم التركيب الآتي:

It’s / It's been + فترة زمنية + since + فاعل + + last + ماضي بسيط

• He hasn’t visited his uncle for a long time. = It’s a long time since he last visited his uncle.
• لاحظ انه عند استخدام ever بدلا من never نستخدم صيغة تفضيل:

• I have never done such a tiring job. = This is the most tiring job I have ever done.
• لاحظ أنه عند استخدام never بدلا من ever نستخدم such (a/an) adj. + n.:
• This is the worst luck I have ever had. = I have never had such bad luck.
• لاحظ استخدام yet في الجملة المنفيــة
• I haven’t finished my homework yet.
•في حالة استخدام yet بدلا منstill نستخدم مضارع تام منفى بدلا من المضارع المستمر:
• He is still writing the report. = He hasn’t finished writing the report yet.
• المضارع التام في المبني للمجهول :
Have been / has been + PP

He has written the letter. The letter has been written.

Past Perfect

•يتكون الماضي التام من had + PP. ويستخدم ليدل علي حدث وقع قبل آخر في الماضي ويستخدم عادة مع الروابط الآتية:
•After / When / As soon as / + ماضي تام ماضي بسيط
•ماضي بسيط (غالبا منفي) till / until ماضي تام
•Before / By the time + ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
►After I had done the shopping, I visited a friend.
►As soon as I had known he was ill, I visited him.
►I didn't know about the competition until I had read the papers.
►Before he cleaned the room, he had seen the film.
►By the time my friend arrived, I had finished my homework.
►I had already done the homework before I went out.

• الماضي التام في المبني للمجهول :
had been + PP

He had written the letter. The letter had been written.

Exercises on Grammar
Choose the correct answer:
1- At the age of seven, my parents (are taking – were taking – took – take) me to Jordan.
2- At the age of seven, he (gave – was given – has given – had given) a prize for a drawing of an animal.
3- Someone phoned me while I (cook – was cooked – am cooking – was cooking) the dinner.
4- While my car (was mending – was being mended – has mended – had mended), I went shopping.
5- While my mother was doing the washing up, my baby sister (was looking – has been looked – was being looked – had looked) after.
6- As soon as he (takes – has taken – will take – had taken) the photograph, he showed it to his friend.
7- As soon as the robbers (had arrested – had been arrested – were arresting – are arrested), they were taken to jail.
8- Something is wrong with his car, so he (has taken – has been taken – was taken – is being taken) it to the garage.
9- The injured woman (takes – has taken – will take – has been taken) to hospital.
10- I (have seen – saw – would see – was seen) him a few days ago.
11- He (didn't use to - isn't used to – used – uses) need much sleep, but he does now.
12- (Are – Is – Did – Does) you use to play with dolls?
13- While he was finishing one story, he (thinks – is thinking – was thinking – has thought) of another one.
14- My last e-mail (send – was sending – has sent – was sent) to six people.
15- When she (is – was – was being – has been) seven, she wrote a poem which won a prize.
16- I (write – am writing – was writing – have written) stories for as long as I can remember.
17- She (writes – has written – wrote – will write) poetry for 7 years, but now she writes novels.
18- This film (directed – had directed – was directed – was directing) by Thomas Wilson.
19- I (enjoy – am enjoying – had to enjoy – have enjoyed) reading novels since I was a young child.
20- Yesterday, my sister (gives – has given – gave – would give) me a book she had finished reading the day before.
Find the mistakes in the following sentences and write them correctly:
1- The washing machine delivers while I was reading the newspaper.
2- I am used to reading at least one book a week, but now I don't read so many.
3- While I come to school today, I saw an old friend.
4- At six o'clock yesterday evening, I am watching TV.
5- Five years ago, I am used to ride a bicycle.
6- I used reading the newspaper every day. Now I don't have the time.
7- As soon as we arrived at school, the first lesson begins.
8- What did you do when I called you? You sounded very busy.
9- I had my own computer for 3 years now.
10- While my sister does her homework, she was listening to music.
11- All the students in my class pass the exam already.
12- My parents use to live in a small flat in the city centre.
13- Yesterday evening, we revised for our English test when all the lights went out.
14- I attend this school for five years.
15- Our school was opening exactly 25 years ago today.
16- She played the piano since the age of six and she still plays every day.
17- Our block of flats build five years ago.
18- Five trees cutting down a week ago.
19- Yesterday evening, the programme to watch by a million people.
20- The room clean when the earthquake happened.

Language Functions:

Asking for opinion Giving opinion
How do you think (we can reduce pollution)? I think that ..
What's your opinion about (modern novels)? I don't think that ..
What do you think I should do (to improve my English)? I'd say that …
What do you think of / about (yesterday's match)? As far as I am concerned ..
In my opinion ..
In my point of view ..


Test on Unit 4

A- Language Functions
1- Respond to the following situations:
1- A friend asks for your opinion about modern novels.
2- Someone asks you what you were doing at six o'clock yesterday evening,
3- Someone asks you what you think the best thing is about short stories. Give your opinion.
4- A friend asks you what you used to read when you were five.



2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:
1- A: I'd like an extension of stay, please.
B: How long have you been here?
A: Six months.
B: How long would you like to extend your stay?
A: 3 months.

2) A: I'd like to get a visa to England, please?
B: How long would you like to stay there?
A: Six months.

B- Vocabulary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer:
1. Early black and white photos show people in (old-fashioned / ancient fashioned / new fashioned / torn) clothes.
2. The Sun is at its strongest at (midnight – midyear – dawn – midday).
3. I do not really have a (protein - routine – valentine – bulletin) during the holidays.
4. My friend and I are going to enter an athletics (connection – combination – competition – compression). We all hope to win something.
5. I sent an e-mail with two (attachments – attainments – developments – adjustments) . They were photos of my friends.
6. I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple (direction – establishment – style – location).
7. Yehia Haqqi came from a poor (district – restrict – instinct – distinct) of Cairo.
8. My brother wants to be a lawyer when he graduates, so he's studying (low - law – blow – throw) at university.
9. The windows at school (have to clean – were cleaned – cleaned – has been cleaned) this morning.
10. My father (is taking – has taken – took – takes) me to the football match two days ago.
11. We (told – are telling – was told – were told) to give in our homework on Thursday.
12. There was a strong smell and the sound of frying. Obviously Mrs. Jones (cooks – was cooking – has cooked – was cooked) fish.
13. While the guests (were dancing – dance – have danced – had danced), thieves broke into the house and stole a lot of money.
14. How long (you know – do you know – have you known – you knew) Mr. Ahmed? –For ten years.
15. We (miss – had missed – are missing – have missed) the bus. Now, we'll have to walk.
16. After the room (paint – was painting – is painted – had been painted), they decorated it.

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1. He wrote two collisions of short stories.
2. Yehia Haqqi developed a new steel of writing which is respected today.
3. He is going to enter a reading commission and he is hoping to win it.
4. Before he left the country, he has paid all his debts.
5. While he is being in London, he went shopping.
6. She doesn't receive the prize yet.

C- Reading Comprehension
5-Read the passage and answer the questions: (August, 2008)
Gold is a rare metal with a lovely glowing colour. It is easy to be shaped, and it is not affected by air or water. As gold is so soft, it can be beaten into very thin sheets and it can also be drawn out into very fine wires. Gold is, therefore, an excellent material for making beautiful objects such as jewellery.
Moreover, the ancient Egyptians prized gold so much that they believed that gold belonged only to their kings, so they buried many precious gold objects in their pharaohs' tombs, and we can see many of them in the museums today. The Egyptians were very clever goldsmiths as they could beat gold into sheets.
The gold which is used to make jewellery is usually mixed with other metals. This not only makes the gold jewellery cheaper, but also harder. Because it was scarce and therefore valuable, gold was formerly used as money. Many countries keep bars of gold in banks. They can change this gold into money by selling it to other countries. About two thirds of all the gold in the world is kept in this way.
Gold is usually buried deep underground. It can also be found in rivers and seas, but it would cost far more money to be extracted than the gold is worth.
A-Answer the following questions:
1- Why is gold considered an excellent material for making beautiful objects?
2- What did the ancient Egyptians do with gold? Why?
3- Where is gold usually found?
B-Choose the correct answer:
4-Many countries keep bars of gold in banks so as to -------------------.
a) keep it away from thieves b) change them into money
c) buy jewellery d) beat them into thin sheets


5-The word "prized" means ------------------.
a) rewarded b) handed
c) valued d) sold

6- Read the passage then answer the questions:
Although the majority of people say that they work 'for money', the financial reward isn't actually the only thing that they think about. Recently research has shown that people consider many different factors to be of importance when they make their choice. A worldwide survey of students showed that after graduation they would be looking for jobs that allowed them to balance their personal lives with their work lives.
It's not just the younger generation who think like this either. There has even been an increase in the number of middle-aged workers who are moving away from highly-paid executive positions into less stressful jobs. They are looking for something which is more enjoyable and gives them more leisure time. All this has meant that employers are realizing that they need to do more than just offer good wages if they are going to keep their workers happy and motivated.

A. Answer the following questions:
1-According to the text, what are young men and middle-aged workers looking for?
2-Find words in the passage which mean: a) jobs b) a short time ago
3-What does the underlined word them refer to?
B. Choose the correct answer:
4-Most people seek work because they need (motivation – stress – money – balance).
5-Stressful jobs are now (liked – desired – wanted – avoided) by a lot of people.

D- Writing
8- Write a letter to your friend Tamer who has been ill in hospital for three weeks. Your name is Samy.

9- A)Translate into Arabic: (August 2008)
Sports and games play an important role in building up the body and the character. Through sports, young people find an outlet to their energies. So, the government spares no effort to encourage sports.

B) Translate into English:
1- يجب علي الوالدين توجيه ورعاية أبنائهم ليواصلوا رحلة الحياة بأمان.
2- ندرة المياه قد تكون سببا في اندلاع الحروب بين الدول في المستقبل .