Unit 10: Where food comes from الوحدة العاشرة لغة انجليزية ثانى ثانوى

Unit 10: Where food comes from

Key Vocabulary

fertile خصب ingredients مكونات
genetically modified معدل وراثيا ripen ينضج
organic عضوى rot يتعفن
non-organic غير عضوى rotten متعفن
pesticide مبيد الآفات seeds بذور
spray يرش starvation مجاعة / الموت جوعا
agriculture الزراعة starve يموت جوعا
fertilizer سماد modify يعدل
poisonous سام modification تعديل
chemicals مواد كيماوية genetics علم الوراثة
genes جينات carbohydrate الكربوهيدرات
genetic جينى / وراثى fat دهن
genetic engineering هندسة وراثية protein بروتبن

Vocabulary

modern technology التكنولوجيا الحديثة modern farming الزراعة الحديثة
crops محاصيل add يضيف
soil تربة attack يهاجم / هجوم
genetic structure التركيب الوراثى organic food طعام عضوى
improve يحسن food prices أسعار الغذاء
disease resistant مقاوم للمرض global warming الاحتباس الحرارى
organic farming الزراعة العضوية invention اختراع
farm يزرع / مزرعة taste يكون له طعم
method طريقة produce ينتج
chemicals مواد كيماوية production انتاج
substance مادة exercise يمارس تمارين رياضية
insects حشرات cell خلية
damage يتلف / يضر / تلف / ضرر living thing كائن حى
quantity / amount كمية develop يطور
quality نوعية / جودة development تنمية / تطوير
stream مجرى ماء / يسيل / يتدفق decay يتحلل / يتعفن
flood يفيض / فيضان hunter صياد
natural طبيعى nuts الجوز
normal عادى collect يجمع
suppose يفترض notice يلاحظ
(1)
contain يحتوى على cultivation الزراعة
high yield عالى الانتاج irrigation الرى
seeds بذور country borders حدود الدولة
roots جذور restrictions قيود
laboratory معمل healthy food طعام صحى
wild plants نباتات برية label بطاقة أو ملصقة صغيرة
destroy يدمر / يتلف reference books كتب مراجع
surprisingly بصورة مذهلة frequently غالبا
hunt يصطاد regularly بانتظام
cheese جبنة energy طاقة
form شكل butter الزبد
remove يزيل pasta العجائن (كأنواع المكرونة)
modern science العلم الحديث potential احتمال تطور
remote بعيد fast food وجبة سريعة
long-term طويل الاجل diet نظام خاص للتغذية
sort / type / kind نوع vitamins فيتامينات
guarantee يضمن poison السم
genetic modification تعديل وراثى consumption الاستهلاك

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions

resistant to مقاوم لـ depend on يعتمد على
harmful to ضار لـ spray with يرش باستخدام
go up يرتفع in favour of مؤيد لـ
bring sown يقلل / يخفض poisonous for سام لـ
save ….. from يوفر .... من put genes into يضع جينات فى
protect from يحمى من opinion on / about رأى عن
provide … with يزود ...... بـ bad for صار لـ
do damage to يسبب تلف لـ get worse يسوء
pass from ….. to ينتقل من ..... الى over time بمرور الوقت
good for مفيد لـ do exercise يمارس تمارين رياضية
put on soil يضع فى التربة bring a disease يجلب مرض

Antonyms كلمات و عكسها

Word Antonym
natural طبيعى unnatural غير طبيعى
organic عضوى non-organic غير عضوى
healthy صحى unhealthy غير صحى
fertile خصب infertile غير خصب
dangerous خطير safe آمن
(2)
Derivatives المشتقات

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
gene جينات
genetics علم الوراثة genetic وراثى genetically
وراثيا
ripen ينضج ripe ناضج
rot يتعفن rotting التعفن rotten متعفن
modify يعدل modification تعديل modified معدل
starve يموت جوعا starvationالموت جوعا starvingيعانى من جوع شديد
fertilize يسمد fertilizer سماد fertilized مضاف له سماد

Confusable Words


 soil / ground / floor:
 soil: تربة
- These plants only grow in a muddy soil.
 ground: أرض (خارج المنزل)
- Don't sit on the ground. You'll get wet.
 floor: أرضية (المنزل) / طابق / دور
- He lives in a flat on the second floor.

 fee / eat:
 feed (fed/ fed):
- Don't forget to feed the dog.
 eat (ate / eaten): يأكل
- We usually eat at about 7 o'clock.

 ripe / ripen:
 ripe (adj.) ناضج - You can eat this fruit. It’s ripe.
 ripen (v): ينضج - Tomatoes need some time to ripen.

 rot / rotten:
 rot / rotted / rotted (v): يتعفّن / يَفْسد
- Too many sweets will rot your teeth.
 rotten (adj.) نَتِن / فاسد
- Don’t buy rotten fruit.

 taste / tasty / tasteful:
 taste (v.): يتذوق
- Taste this and see if it's too salty.
 taste (n.): حاسة الذوق / طعم / مَذاق / ذوق
- He has got flu, so he lost his sense of taste.
- That cake has a nice taste.
(3)
 tasty (adj.): لذيذ المَذاق
- They serve very tasty dishes here.
 tasteful (adj.): حَسَنُ الذَّوْق
- They bought tasteful furniture.

 and so / and neither:
 so + فعل مساعد + فاعل: و كذلك (تستخدم فى الجمل المثبتة)
- Noha speaks English. Rania speaks English.
Noha speaks English and so does Rania.
- Ali bought a mobile. I bought a mobile.
Ali bought a mobile and so did I.
- Ali can swim. I can swim.
Ali can swim and so can I.
 and neither + فعل مساعد + فاعل: و كذلك (تستخدم فى الجمل المنفية)
- Ali can't swim. I can't swim.
Ali can't swim and neither can I.
- Noha doesn't play tennis. I don't play tennis.
Noha doesn't play tennis and neither do I.


Language Notes


 stop + مفعول + v. + ing: يمنع ..... من
- They have built a fence سور to stop the dog getting out.
 by + v. + ing: بواسطة
- He lost weight by taking more exercise.
 make + object مفعول+ مصدر: يجبر / يجعل
- The teacher made us rewrite the lesson.
 فى حالة المبنى للمجهول نستخدم to قبل المصدر
- We were made to rewrite the lesson.

 Choose the correct answer:
1- Farmers use (fertilizers-ingredients-genes-seeds) on soil to help plants to grow.
2- Farmers use chemical (herbicides-pesticides-herbivores-carnivores) to kill insects on crops.
3- Look at the planes. They are (praying-playing-spraying-staying) the fields from the air.
4- Some people believe that (dynamic-organic-mechanic-genetically) fruit and vegetables are better for you than ones grown with chemical fertilizers.
5- Some people are worried that (genetic-genetically-devised-genetics) modified crops will bring diseases.
6- I get my brown hair and eyes from my parents - they're in my (genes-germs-gems-lungs).

(14)
7- Fruit is ready to eat when it has been (rotten-ripened-damaged-fed) by the sun.
8- The main (element-part-component-ingredient) of the meal I am cooking is cheese.
9- Scientists can (multiply-modify-intensify-liquefy) crops by adding or removing certain genes.
10- When fruit or other food (rots-ripen-rotten-ripe), it is too bad to eat.
11- People who do not have enough food to eat may die of (communication-starvation-overpopulation-accommodation).
12- If you want to grow vegetables, you have to put (fertilizers-insecticides-pesticides-seeds) in the ground.
13- (Genetic-Genes-Genetically-Gene) modified crops offer opportunity to improve agriculture.
14- Organic farming improves the (duality-quantity-amount-quality) of the soil.
15- When tomatoes are (rotten-rot-ripe-ripen) they are bad to eat.
16- The earliest farmers saved the seeds (of-from-with-out) their best plants.
17- Many people believe that eating GM food may (bring-prevent-protect-stop) diseases now or in the future.
18- Some people are (in-at-with-by) favour of organic farming.
19- (Labels-Tickets-Cables-Tables) should contain information about the percentage of GM ingredients in the food we buy.
20- When the power went off, all the food in the freezer (rotten-rotted-rotting-rusted).
21- Her choice of clothes is (tasty-tasted-tasteful-taste).
22- The peaches الخوخneed another day to (ripe-ripen-rip-rap).
23- To (modify-clarify-intensify-qualify) is to make small changes in something.
24- Old people are resistant (for-from-to-over) change.
25- Years ago, the Nile used to (flow-pour-spill-flood) most farmers' fields every year.
26- He made her (to write-write-writing-writes) the report four times.
27- Our (production-consumption-deduction-construction) should be decreased for the good of our country.
28- My brother wants to study (gene-genetic-genetics-geneticists) at university.
29- (Ripened-Rotten-Raw-Medium) fruit usually tastes sweet.
30- Scientists have made genetic (qualifications-modifications-classifications-clarifications) to some vegetables.
31- Many people were very hungry after the storm. Some even began to (feed-serve-starve-observe).
32- Fertile (ground-soil-earth-floor) produces plenty of good crops.
33- Organic farmers do not use chemicals that are harmful (with-for-at-to) the environment.
34- Fruits and vegetables are sprayed (with-by-from-of) pesticides to kill insects that damage them.
35- We should (improve-contribute-distribute-prove) the quality of the soil by adding natural organic fertilizers.
(5)
36- (Genetics-Genetically-Genes-Genetic) engineering can be used to protect people from starvation.
37- A lot of tourists admire the (tasty-tasteful-tasting-testing) dishes in Egyptian restaurants.
38- I only did it because I was made (do-doing-to do-did) it.
39- Noha plays music and (so does Azza-Azza does so-neither does Azza- Azza doesn't either.)
40- Farmers use fertilizers to make their land (barren-fertile-infertile-poor).

 Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- My brother wants to study genetic at university.
2- Ripen fruit usually tastes sweet.
3- This tomato is rot. I can't eat it.
4- Scientists have made genetic modify to some vegetables.
5- Many people were very hungry after the storm. Some even began to starvation.
6- In my opinion global warning is our biggest problem.
7- Farmers earn their money from literature.
8- Rice is the main crop of tonight's dish.
9- Genetic modified food may bring new disease in the future.
10- This land is infertile. It can produce a large number of good crops.


Grammar

Who's / whose

 Who's = who is + n. / v + ing / adj. صفة:
- Leila is the student who's working on this project with me.
- My friend, who is a pilot, has always loved flying.

 Who's = who has + PP.
- The man, who's done a lot of good work, will be given a reward.

 Whose: ضمير وصل يدل علي الملكية
- That is the boy whose sister is a teacher.
- My brother, whose friend is a Libyan engineer, is going to work in Tripoli.

 Choose the correct answer:
1- Leila is the student (who is-whose-who-which) working on this project with me.
2- My friend, (who is-whose-who-which) a pilot, has always loved flying.
3- My brother (who-who is-who's-whose) friend is a Libyan engineer is going to work in Tripoli.
(6)
4- That is the boy (who-who is-who's-whose) sister is a teacher.
5- Sally, (who – who's – whose – that) in my class at school, is good at English.
6- The doctor (who – whom – who's – whose) done the operation is very clever.
7- We saw some people (whose – who's – that's – what's) car had broken down
8- This is the man (that – who's – whose – what) been looking for you.
9- The man (who – whose – who's – that) in a black suit is asking for you.
10- That's my friend (who-who is-who's-whose) father is a doctor.

 Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Once people were hunters who's food came from animals and fish.
2- The boy whose playing over there is my son.
3- There are many families who's cupboards have got GM foods inside.
4- The boy who's come late was punished.
5- Tom's father whose 78 goes swimming every day.
6- A widow is a woman who's husband is dead.

Expressing opinions
التعبير عن الرأى

 As far as I'm concerned, ………
 In my opinion, ………….
 I'd say that …………..
 It seems to me that …………
 I think ………………..

Agreement الموافقة

 I agree.  That's right.
 Yes, of course.  Yes, I suppose so.
 I think so  Yes, you are right there.
 So do I.  I do too.

Disagreement عدم الموافقة

 I don't agree.  I disagree.
 Really!  No, I don't think so.
 But what about …..  I'm not so sure.
 Do you think so? I disagree.

Examples:
1- As far as I'm concerned, the watch is more beautiful than that necklace.
I agree with you.

2- In my opinion, we should all do more exercise.
You are quite right.

(7)
3- I'd say that mountaineering is very dangerous.
I'm not sure.

4- It seems to me that Paris is a great city.
I don't think so.

Giving advice about food

 You should eat meat as it has lots of protein, but not every day.
 You mustn't eat too much cheese or butter as they have a lot of fat.
 Pasta and bread are good for you, but don't eat too much of them.
 You mustn't eat too much fat. It's bad for you.
 In my opinion you should eat more fruit.
 I don't like fast food. It's not healthy.

 Respond to each of the following situations:
1- Your friend thinks that organic farming is the best way to farm. You disagree.
2- Your friend says that pesticides can be poisonous. You agree.
3- Your friend says that organic food is better for you, but you aren't sure.
4- A friend thinks that sugar and salt are bad for health. What do you say?
5- Your father believes that countries should try to produce all their own food.
6- Your sister thinks that many people today eat too much food.
7- A friend thinks that we should all eat less and do more exercise.
8- A school friend asks what you think of fast food. What do you say?
9- Your brother thinks that it is dangerous to use a mobile phone while driving. What do you say?
10- You think that food prices are going up all the time. What do you say?
(8)
Test 10 (Unit 10 + Chapter 5)

A) Language Functions

1- Respond to each of the following situations:
1- One of your friends eats food with too much fat in it. What do you say to him or her?
2- A friend who has been ill asks for advice about food. Suggest fruit.
3- A friend thinks biscuits and cakes are healthy foods. What do you say?
4- Your teacher asks your opinion about using genetic engineering to improve crops. What do you say?

2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:
1- A: I'd like to know what is on today. Place:
B: It's an action film. Speaker A:
A: When does the last performance start? Speaker B:
B: At 12 p.m.
A: OK. Book me a seat, please.

2- A: What's wrong with you? Place:
B: I have a nasty headache. Speaker A:
A: How long have you been suffering from it? Speaker B:
B: Two days.
A: Let me examine you.

B) Vocabulary & Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1- I'm really enjoying this dessert. Can you tell me what the ………… are?
a) ingredients b) goods c) crops d) foods
2- If you need more ……………, eat more meat, fish and eggs.
a) sugar b) fat c) protein d) carbohydrate
3- ……………… is the work of growing crops and feeding animals.
a) Culture b) Agriculture c) Literature d) Structure
4- Normal tomatoes …………………. faster than GM tomatoes.
a) rotten b) rotting c) rot d) root
5- GM crops can protect people from…………………… in poor countries.
a) communication b) starvation c) overpopulation d) accommodation
6- We can improve the …………… of the soil by adding natural organic fertilizers.
a) duality b) quality c) amount d) quantity
7- Scientists have made genetic modification to some vegetables.
a) genetic b) genetically c) genes d) gene
8- ……………… is a thing which farmers put on soil to help plants to grow.
a) Pesticide b) Insecticide c) Fertilizer d) Fruit
(9)
9- ……………… my opinion, markets are the best places to buy food.
a) on b) in c) At d) With
10- The girl ……………….. mother died is crying.
a) who b) whose c) which d) who's
11- It …………………… to me that organic food is better for you.
a) sees b) says c) thinks d) seems
12- Tom bought a new car. So ……………….. .
a) did I b) I did c) do I d) I do
13- Mr Sun ………… a friend of mine works in a big company.
a) who b) whose c) which d) who's
14- This is the man ………………… stolen my car.
a) who b) whose c) which d) who's
15- As ………… as I'm concerned the watch is more beautiful than that necklace.
a) far b) long c) soon d) possible
16- These are the people ………….. car has been stolen.
a) who b) whose c) which d) who's

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Michael Crinchon wrote a book about phonetic engineering.
2- Non-organic farming don't use chemical fertilizers.
3- Thirst is suffering or death due to shortage of food.
4- Is that the woman who's bag was stolen?
5- I'd speak that the internet is the best invention of the twentieth century.
6- The girl whose talking to Ali is a new student.

C) Reading Comprehension

5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
It must be said that most of those who are against Genetically Modified (GM) foods are neither living in countries which suffer from food shortages, nor facing starvation. Many scientists believe that without GM foods, the Third World will never overcome its food problems. At present, over one billion people live on less than one dollar a day. The United Nations hopes this number will be cut in half, within fifteen years. This will not happen if food is produced in the conventional manner. Foods produced by traditional farming methods do not last very long and often spoil during transport. Very often, food sent by the West to countries suffering from famine, rots before it reaches its destination. Now, scientists have found ways to preserve foods for much longer time. For example, they have developed a preservative made from vitamins and minerals which keeps even cut fresh fruit for up ten days if refrigerated. Despite this, there are still people who believe agricultural research should be moving in a different direction. They accept that there is no real proof that GM foods are dangerous. However, they believe that the solutions that GM foods provide are short-term and that it is necessary to find longer-lasting and natural means to solve the world's food problems.
(10)
A) Give short answers to the following questions:
1- How do scientists preserve foods for a long time?
2- Mention one disadvantage of food grown by conventional methods.
3- Do you agree with the scientists who believe that without GM foods, the Third World will never overcome its food problem? Why?

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
4- The expression "cut in half" means ………………… .
a) cut into pieces b) add one half
c) decrease by half d) become one and a half
5- People are …………………….
a) not sure GM foods are dangerous.
b) sure GM foods are safe.
c) sure GM foods are dangerous.
d) ignorant of GM foods.

6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Omar decided that he wanted to be a doctor when he grew up. He made his decision after seeing a television programme about a doctor who worked in a country area in China. So Omar worked hard at school, passed all his exams and went to university to study to be a doctor. He spent most of his time working, but also made many good friends.
When he finished his training, he found a job as a junior doctor working in a village in northern India. He worked with a group of older doctors and a young doctor he had trained with. Most of the time they worked in a small village hospital, but on two days a week they went to a nearby town and helped the Indian doctors who worked there. One day, when Omar was working in the larger hospital, a young man came in with a broken leg. He wasn't Indian. When the man saw Omar, he said," Omar! Do you remember me? We were in the same course at university

A) Give short answers to the following questions:
1- When did Omar decide he wanted to be a doctor?
2- Where did Omar work when he had finished his training?
3- What was wrong with the man who came into the hospital?

B) Choose the correct answer:
6- Who did he work with at first in India?
a) other junior doctors
b) some older and younger doctors
c) older doctors
d) a group of friends
7- How did the young man in hospital know Omar?
a) They had been at university together
b) Their parents were friends
c) They played for the same football team
d) They had been at school together
(11)
D) The Novel

7- A) Answer the following questions:
1- Captain Ahmed wanted to destroy the spiders in the archaeological site but Professor Jones had a different opinion?
2- Why did Captain Ahmed give orders to stop anybody from coming near the site or leave without search?

B) Complete the following:
1- When venom enters the body of a person or an animal, ………..……………..
2- The young officer was coughing badly and fell to the ground because……..

C) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions:
"I don't know much about plants. This botanist is the person to ask."
1- What plants is the Professor Jones referring to?
2- Who is the botanist?

E) Writing

8- Write a paragraph about 100 words about the job the continuous rise in food prices:

F) Translation

9- A) Translate into Arabic:
Some people believe that genetically modified food may bring new diseases in the future. Others are in favour of this type of food think GM crops can improve agriculture and protect people from starvation in poor countries.

B) Translate into English:
1- يجب استخدام التكنولوجيا الحديثة فى الزراعة لانتاج محاصيل عالية الجودة.
2- يعد الغلاء و نقص الغذاء من أخطر المشكلات التى تعانى منها جميع دول العالم على السواء.