شرح رائع ومراجعة شاملة للوحدة 15لغة انجليزية الصف الثالث الاعدادى الترم الثانى

meeting اجتماع definitely بالتأكيد answer يجيب
business trip رحلة عمل get there يصل إلى هناك know يعرف
finally فى النهاية-أخيرا arrive-d يصل leave يترك- يغادر
events أحداث phone-d يتصل ring يرن

flight رحلة جوية hole حفرة-فتحة cover يغطى
pepper فلفل possible ممكن check يفحص
actually فى الواقع already بالفعل rain يمطر
sure=certain متأكد add يضيف climb يصعد

- On a business trip. فى رحلة عمل
- by mistake بالخطأ - make mistakes يرتكب أخطاء
- at home فى المنزل
- at six o’clockفى الساعة السادسة
- in the hotel فى الفندق
- in the bedroomفى حجرة النوم
- arrive in يصل إلى (مكان كبير) - arrive at يصل إلى (مكان صغير)
- climb up يصعد - climb downيهبط – ينزل
- by nowقبل الآن - in the bag فى الحقيبة
- speak to يتحدث إلى - worry about يقلق على

الاستنتاج – التخمين 1) Deduction
يمكن أن نستنتج أشياء أو نخمن حدوثها بدرجات مختلفة وفى أزمنه مختلفة.
1) الاستنتاج عند حدوث شيء فى الماضي.
 عندما يكون الاستنتاج شبه مؤكد بنسبه أكثر من 50% نستخدم:

1) I am nearly certain that my father went out. = My father must have gone.
2) I think my mother finished cooking. = My mother must have finished cooking.
3) It's nearly certain that our team lost the match. = Our team must have lost the match.
4) I saw Noha in hospital. I guess she was ill. = Noha must have been ill.

 عندما يكون الاستنتاج ضعيف أي اقل من 50% نستخدم:

1) I don't think he traveled abroad. I saw him yesterday
= He might have traveled abroad.
2) I think she was not at home. = She might have been at home.
3) Perhaps she baked the cake. = She might have baked the cake.

 للتعبير عن استنتاج قوى بأن شيئاً ما لم يحدث بنسبة 100% نستخدم:

1) I'm sure Adel wasn't ill. = Adel can't have been ill.
2) He certainly didn't buy a car. = He can't have bought a car.
2) الاستنتاج فى الحاضر.
 استنتاج شبه مؤكد:

1) She hasn't slept for 2 days. She must be tired.
2) He teaches pupils very well. He must be a good teacher.

 استنتاج ضعيف:-

I'm not sure. He might be at home.
 استنتاج أكيد بأنه لم يحدث:

1) He has got an expensive car. He can't be poor. = He must be rich.

3) للتعبير عن أنه كان ينبغي عمل شيء فى الماضي ولكنه لم يحدث نستخدم:

1) He should have got up earlier. He missed the train.
2) Mona should have done the homework. The teacher is angry.

4) للتعبير عن شيئاً خطأ قد حدث نستخدم:

1) Sherif shouldn't have left his mobile phone on the floor.1
- Choose:
1- He (must be – can't be - might be - won't be) British. He is good at in English.
2- I can't find my keys. I (must be - must have – can't be – won't be) left them at home.
3- He (must have – may have – might have – will have) eaten the food; I'm not sure.
4- She (must have-may have–might have – will have) travelled abroad; I don’t think so.
5- It is possible; he (must have – may have – might have – will have) got the prize.
6- He (must have – may have – might have – will have) drunk the tea. The cup is empty.
7- He (must have – can’t have – might have – may have) stolen the money, the safe
was locked.
8- He (must have – may have – might have – can’t have). drunk the tea. The cup is full.
9- It is probable; he (must have – may have – might have – can’t have) taken the
medicine.
10- It is possible; he (must have – may have – might have – can’t have) taken the
medicine.

Hesham has forgotten his phone
1- Last Monday, Hesham had to go to Rome on a business trip.
Before he left, he told the children: I’ll phone you at six tonight.
2- At six fifteen, Hesham hadn’t phoned, so Ahmed and Soha said:
Dad’s plane might have arrived late in Rome.
Or he might have had a long meeting when he got there.
3- At seven, Nadia rang Hesham’s mobile, but he didn’t answer. Finally, she said:
Dad must have left his phone in the hotel.
4- Just then, Salma ran into the sitting room and said:
Dad can’t have left his mobile in the hotel.
How do you know?
It was ringing in the bedroom. He must have left it at home by mistake.
- Ask and answer :
a- Where did Hesham have to go on a business trip?
b- Was his plane definitely late?
c- Did he leave his phone in the hotel?
d- How did Salma know Hesham had left his mobile at home?

Nadia : Hello?
Hesham : Hi, Nadia, it’s me.
Nadia : Hello, Hesham. Is everything OK?
Hesham : Yes, everything’s fine. Sorry I didn’t phone before.
I know I should have phoned at six but I was in a meeting until six thirty.
Nadia : That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.
Hesham : And there’s another thing. When I tried to phone after the meeting, I couldn’t
find my mobile. I thought I must have left it in my room in the hotel. But when I
got to my room at seven, I couldn’t find it. I think I might have dropped it.
Nadia : You don’t have to worry about your phone. We’ve found it.
You left it here in the bedroom.
Hesham : Oh no, I shouldn’t have forgotten my mobile. It’s very important for my work.
I should have been more careful. I should have checked my bag before I left
Nadia : Well, you haven’t lost it, anyway.
Hesham : No, that’s true. I’m very glad you found it.
Nadia : It wasn’t me, actually. It was Salma.

1 Hesham is speaking to … a Soha. b Nadia. c Ahmed.
2 Hesham finished his meeting at … a six. b six thirty. c seven.
3 At first Hesham thought his phone was … a in his hotel. b in his bag. c at home in Cairo.
4 Before he left, Hesham should have checked. a his room. b his flight. c his bag.

1 - Choose :
1. Was his plane ……………. late ?
a. definitely b. definite c. possible d. impossible
2. They played a football match- It ………….been a battle. I'm sure it was.
a. might have b. can't have c. may d. must have
3. Ali didn't phone us. His plane ………… arrived late.
a. might have b. must c. can't d. may
4. Hesham went to Sudan on a ………… trip. He's a good trader.
a. cleaning b. teaching c. sleep d. business
5. The mobile was ringing in the bedroom. Ali ………… left it at hon.
a. will b. might c. must have d. can't have
6. I left my bag in class by …………
a. leaving b. mistake c. force d. meeting
7. Hesham had to go to Rome ………… a business trip.
a. in b. on c. at d. with
8. Sorry, I didn't ………… you before coming.
a. phone b. know c. study d. allow
9. My mobile is very ………… for my work.
a. expensive b. easy c. important d. hard
10. Before going to school, I should ………… my bag.
a. sell b. buy c. forget d. check
11. All pupils should be more …………
a. careless b. careful c. lazy d. worried
12. He ………… have phoned me because it was late yesterday.
a. should b. must c. shouldn't d. didn't
13. She didn't answer the phone. She ………… have heard it.
a. can't b. must c. should d. shouldn't
14. I.......... have seen the film, but I didn't.
a. must b. should c. shouldn't d. might
15. One of my favourite hobbies is .......... to tourists.
a. meeting b. telling c. playing d. speaking
16. Amal.......... have gone to the market. I'm not sure.
a. might b. must c. may d. shouldn't
17. He can't have .......... his homework by now.
a. sold b. finished c. tried d. forgotten
18. Maha ………… swept the floor, but she didn't.
a. may have b. shouldn't have c. should have d. must
19. He ………… have eaten more sweets. They cause teeth to decay.
a. shouldn't b. must c. can d. should
20. Samira should have ………… up the dishes. They smell bad.
a. washes b. wash c. washing d. washed
21. Mona .......... have bought a new skirt as she had many new ones.
a. shouldn't b. might c. should d. must
22. One of the pupils felt ill............. the English lesson.
a. as b. while c. because d. during
23. She dropped her book . ………… she was having the science lesson.
a. to b. during c. as d. so that
24. ............. playing football, he fell down.
a. So that b. While c. Also d. To
2- Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets:
1- He didn’t answer the telephone. He was asleep. I’m sure. (must have)
2- He didn’t come to the party. He forgot, I’m not sure. (may have)
3- He isn’t at home. I’m sure he is in his office. (must)
4. He was late for school. It was necessary to come early, (shouldn't have)
5. She didn't do her homework, It was necessary to do that. (should have}
6. It was possible that Hoda came on time. (might have)
7. I'm sure Ahmed won the race. (must have)
8. She failed the monthly tests. She was advised to study hard. (should have)
9. It was possible that Nora visited Italy, (might have)
10. I'm sure Columbus discovered America, (must have)
3- Write what you would say in the following situations:
1. You are sure that Mona passed the driving test.
2. You saw a student who looks like Nabil who is abroad now.
3. You speculated تتنبأ that Maha was ill yesterday.
4. You deduced that Abu Trekka scored a goal.
5. You didn't go to the supermarket although it was necessary.
6. Alt spent a long time watching TV. Give him advice.

wool صوف tomb مقبرة engine محرك
piece قطعة pool حمام سباحة crash يصطدم
tobacco تبغ Vinland اسم مكان famous مشهور
until حتى century قرن unknown مجهول
sailor بحار wheel عجلة historian مؤرخ
the same way نفس الطريقة The Vikings قبائل الفايكنج continue يستكمل
vehicle مركَبة ocean محيط prescribe يصف دواء

Titanic سفينة تيتانيك lifeboats قوارب نجاة crew طاقم القيادة
radio message رسالة لاسلكية rescue ينقذ sink × float يغرق×يطفو
passenger مسافر-راكب wave موجة sail يبحر
fire rockets يطلق صواريخ nearby قريب hit يضرب-يصطدم
space الفضاء unsinkable غير قابل للغرق rise يشرق
gun بندقية iceberg جبل جليد عائم discover يستكشف

Man : We all know Columbus discovered America in 1492. However, Columbus may not have been the first person to visit America.
Woman : Ancient Egyptians might have sailed to America on large ships made with Lebanese wood. Why do we think this? Well, there are pyramids in America which look like the pyramids in Saqqara. Also, some historians have found small pieces of tobacco in Egyptian tombs. Tobacco was not brought to Egypt from America until about 1600, so some historians think ancient Egyptians must have got the tobacco from America thousands of years ago. But other historians think that workers who helped to find the tombs may have left the tobacco there.
Man : Chinese sailors may have sailed to Mexico. Why do we think this? Well, many things in the two countries are the same; for example, kites and paper are made in the same way, and they have painted plates in the same way too. There are old books about a Chinese sailor in the fifth century called Hui Shen. He sailed east with four friends to the country they called Fusang. In the books, they described people, animals and plants which some historians think might have been in Mexico. However, Hui Shen also described vehicles with wheels. Some historians say Hui Shen can’t have been in Mexico because people there didn’t have wheels then.
Woman : The Vikings were from the north of Europe. They were very famous sailors. In
around the year 1000, they arrived at the island of Iceland which is in the Atlantic Ocean. There were many stories about a sailor who went to Vinland. We don’t know exactly where Vinland was, but it might have been in America. In 1961, two scientists discovered old Viking houses in America, so we know Vikings must have visited the country. However, they may not have stayed there very long.

1. Christopher Columbus discovered America in... a 1942. b 1492. c 1592.
2. Historians found . . . . . . . in Egyptian tombs. a tobacco b potatoes c wool
3. Chinese sailors may have been to . . . . . . . . . . a America. b Mexico. c Egypt
4. Scientists discovered Viking. . . . . . in America. a kites b vehicles c houses
a. They built ships with Lebanese wood. ( Egyptians )
b. They might have been to Vinland in America. ( )
c. They described Mexican people, animals and plants. ( )
d. They might not have lived in America for a long time. ( )
e. Some historians think they can’t have been to Mexico. ( )
f . Workers might have brought tobacco to their tombs. ( )

- Read and order :
Read carefully about the Titanic. Think carefully about what happened first, then order the sentences.
- Match these sentences to the paragraphs
a. An officer had to fire his gun to calm people.
b. Another ship came and found people in lifeboats.
c. The Titanic sent its last message asking for help.
d. The crew learned about icebergs in front of them.
e. The Titanic sank under the waves of the Atlantic.
f . The ship couldn’t stop, and hit the iceberg.
1- In April 1912, the great ship Titanic set off for New York. For two days, it sailed through calm water. The next day, there was a radio message about icebergs nearby, but the officers weren’t worried. They thought the Titanic was unsinkable.
2- At 11.40pm, a sailor reported an iceberg near the ship. The ship started to turn but hit it. Water started to come into the ship. As the front began to sink, the back began to rise.
3- At 12am, the captain asked the crew to send messages for help and get passengers to the lifeboats. At 12.30am, the crew put women and children in the boats. At12.50am, the first lifeboats left, but they weren’t full.
4- At 1am, passengers were worried when the crew fired rockets so that other ships would come to help. More lifeboats left, but now there wasn’t enough space for everyone. Some passengers tried to climb into a full lifeboat. An officer fired his gun to stop them.
5- At 1.40am, the last lifeboats left. No ship had arrived to help the people left on the Titanic. At 2.15am, the last radio message was sent. Captain Smith told his crew to save themselves. Five minutes later, the Titanic sank to the bottom of the sea.
6- A ship, the Carpathia, had heard Titanic’s message but it didn’t arrive until 3.30am. It rescued 705 people who were in lifeboats and took them to New York. The other 1,500 people had died in the waters of the Atlantic.
a. All the lifeboats should have been full when they left the ship.
b. The Carpathia should have sailed more quickly to the Titanic.
c. The officers should have been more worried about the radio message.
d. There should have been lifeboats for everyone on the ship.
e. The officers should have turned the ship sooner.
f . Other ships should have tried to help the Titanic.

1- Use (so that) to say why you do something.
- Clean your room. When it is clean, it looks nice.
- Clean your room so that it looks nice.
2- Use (as) to say that two things happen at the same time.
- Nadia was phoning Hesham. Hesham was phoning Ahmed.
- As Nadia was phoning Hesham, Hesham was phoning Ahmed.
3- Use (during + noun or noun phrase) to say when something happens.
- It rained. This happened in the night.
- It rained during the night.

Join these sentences with so that, as or during in your exercise book
a. One of the boys in Ahmed’s class felt ill. This happened in the history lesson.
b. The sailor made a boat. He could sail to China.
c. I dropped my book. This was in the English lesson.
d. Sally’s friend was waiting at school. Sally was waiting at the supermarket.
e. Hesham visited Rome. He could meet some businessmen.
f . Salma went into the park. She met a friend who was leaving.

The History of Flying
Amelia Earhart was born in July 1898. In 1932, she became the first woman to fly a plane from America to Europe. After this, she decided to fly around the world. In May 1937, Amelia set off from California across to the east of America. She flew to South America and then continued across the Atlantic to Africa and India. When Amelia was flying across the Pacific Ocean, her plane disappeared. She might have crashed because of bad weather or because she was tired, or her engine might have stopped working. But she must have had an accident, and she can’t have crossed the ocean because no one ever saw her again.
a- Answer the following questions
1 Why was Amelia Earhart famous?

2 How old was she when she first made this flight?

b- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
3 Where did Amelia start her journey round the world?
a Africa b South America c India d California
4 Amelia’s plane must have crashed in . . . .
a the Atlantic. b Africa. c the Pacific. d Australia.
5 When Amelia died, she must have been . . . . years old.
a thirty-six b thirty-seven c thirty-eight d thirty-nine
- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1- The food tasted hot because Nadia had put a lot of ………… in it.
a beef b beans c pepper d tobacco
2- ………… is an island in the Atlantic.
a Iceland b Italy c Viking d Mexico
3- A ………… is someone who studies the past.
a tailor b scientist c controller d historian
4- An ………… is the name for a very big sea.
a lake b ocean c river d pool
5- The scientist Alexander Fleming ………… a famous medicine.
a consisted of b disagreed c reclaimed d discovered
6. Ancient Egyptians might have ………… to America by ships.
a. sails b. to sail c. sailed d. sailing
7. Some historians think ancient Egyptians ………… the tobacco from America.
a. must have brought b. should bring c. can't have brought d. bring
8. The food tasted hot as Dina had put a lot of……………
a. tobacco b. sugar c. pepper d. salt
A) Language Functions
1- Finish the following dialogue:
Ayman wants Salah to tell him some information about the Vikings.
Ayman : Could you tell me some information about the Vikings ?
Salah : With pleasure.
Ayman : (1) .................. ?
Salah : They were famous sailors.
Ayman : (2) …. ?
Salah : They were from the north of Europe-
Ayman : What happened in 1961 ?
Salah : Two scientists (3) …………………… in America.
2- Write what you would say in the following situations:
1- You're asked where you could have a new suit made.
2- It's necessary for you to change the light bulb
3- Your sister borrowed your book and she has lost it.
4- Your friend didn't help a friend in trouble. You advise him.
B) Reading Comprehension
3- Read and match:
A B
1- Iceland is
2- Tobacco is
3- I got up early
4- You shouldn't have
5- As he was running, a) He dropped his watch.
b) been so late.
c) an island in the Atlantic Ocean.
d) made into cigarettes.
e) to catch the train.
f) done your work.

4- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Children suffer a lot in poor countries. Disease is the first enemy that attacks them in their early years . And at the top comes the problem of children with heart diseases. They don't get the right treatment in their countries due to lack of medical facilities.
A great organization, which was set up first in France, began its activity to help children with bad hearts. Later, the organization founded a number of centres in other European countries. Doctors all over the world know about them. They send information about children who need help, in any part of the world. A child who has heart problems is taken by plane to where he is operated on, all for free. As a child travels alone, some families near the hospital host him so that he feels family warmth.
A) Answer the following questions:
1- Why do ill children suffer in poor countries?
2- Where was the organization first set up?
3- How does the organization know about children who need help?
B) Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :
4- A child helped by the organization pays ........... money.
a) a lot of b) little c) much d) no
5- A child is taken, to be treated, by..............
a) sea b) train c) air d) ship
6- A child who the organization helps stays ..............
a) at a hotel b) at the airport c) with a family d) alone

C) Usage and Writing
5- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- The Titanic ............... under the waves of the Atlantic.
a) fired b) sank c) sailed d) swam
2- He sent me a phone message............. I could meet him.
a) during b) as c) so that . d) when
3- I couldn't meet him ............. the journey.
a) while b) as c) during d) so
4-........... can travel into space.
a) Ships b) Trains c) Planes d) Rockets
5- There ................ have been anyone with no seat at the meeting with the president.
a) must b) might c) should d) can't
6- ................. on a ship, are necessary in time of danger.
a) Drinks b) Cars c) Lifeboats d) Fishermen
7- The ................ fired rockets as a message for help.
a) passengers b) crew c) people d) women
8- I think he .............. rude to his friends.
a) must be b) shouldn't have been c) has to be d) should be
6- Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets:
1- He bought a camera to take photos of the journey, (so that)
2- She looked beautiful while she was attending the wedding party. (during)
3- I am sure he wasn't at home yesterday, (can't)
4- It isn't necessary to do all the work now. (needn't)

7- Read and correct the underlined word:
1- The crew of the ship sent a letter for help. ( ………………. )
2- Columbus discovered Africa. ( ………………. )
3- You needn't disobey your parents. ( ………………. )
4- She can't have passed the test. She is very happy. ( ………………. )

8- Write a paragraph of five sentences on:
" The job you 're looking forward to"
You may use the information provided:
- Kind of job you choose. - Why you choose it.
- Skills and training needed for the job.
- What you should do to get it. - Advantages of the job.
D) The Reader
9-A) Answer the following questions:
1- Why could Axel's uncle hear his voice ?
2- What was strange about the fish Hans caught ?
3- When did Axel's doubts about the journey disappear ?
4- What did the Professor say after looking at the compass?

B) Complete the following sentences:
1- They used gunpowder so that .
2- Axel would light the fuse at night but .