الوحدة 12 2ث انجليزى روووووعه

balcony
detached house
outskirts (n.)
storey (n.)
view (n.)
conduct (v.)
high-tech (adj.)
lock (n.) (v.)
a block of flats
a block of wood
skyscraper
a main road
city centre
air-conditioning
bedroom
inhabit
prize
break a promise
interpreter
fantastic
guests
architect
stairs
conduct an experiment
annoy
roof
traditions
mud
control
area = region
weather conditions
geography
construct
leaflet
choices
papyrus
wood pulp
calendar
meet our needs
hieroglyphics
earthquakes
metallic
technology
cook a meal
realize
Upper Egypt
a dream house
peaceful
cupboard
lift
methods
fix
cement
hollow
materials
autumn = fall
advanced
local community
generate
immediately
packaging
hamburger
day-dreams
home trade بلكونة
بيت منفصل
ضواحي
طابق
منظر
يوصل
ذو تقنية عالية
قفل / يغلق /
عمارة
كتلة من الخشب
ناطحة سحاب
طريق رئيس
وسط المدينة
تكييف هواء
غرفة نوم
يسكن
جائزة
لا يفي بوعده
مترجم
رائع
الضيوف
مهندس معماري
السلالم
يُجري تجربة
يضايق
سطح المنزل
تقاليد
طين / طمي
تحكم / يتحكم
منطقة
الظروف الجوية
الجغرافيا
يبني / يشيد
نشرة
اختيارات
ورق البردي
عجينة الخشب
تقويم (سنوي)
يفي باحتياجاتنا
الهيروغليفية
الزلازل
معدني
تكنولوجيا
يطهي وجبة
يدرك / يحقق
صعيد مصر
منزل رائع الجمال
هادئ / مسالم
دولاب
مصعد / أسا نسير
طرق
يصلح / يثبت
أسمنت
أجوف
مواد
الخريف
متقدم
مجتمع محلي
يُولد
في الحال
التعبئة
هامبورجر
أحلام يقظة
التجارة الداخلية block (n.)
semi-detached
overlook
thick (adj.)
concrete
flat (adj.)
insulated (adj.)
sloping (adj.)
multi-storey
a block of concrete
floor
the countryside
bathroom
surface
adults
price
pray
interpret
attitude
traditional
look surprised
design
flatten
conductor
disturb
location
customs
bricks
imitate
climatic conditions
snow
heavy rain
distributor
wrapper
dieting
sophisticated
create pollution
a limited number
decimal system
coincidence
metal
glassy
owners
world-famous
informed
the ancient Egyptians
confident
relaxed
carpenter
techniques
a five-storey block
packet
curved
raised
seasons
possessions
income
rock salt
generation
tower block
cyclist
flat roofs
the ground floor
foreign trade عمارة
بيت شبه منفصل
يُطل علي
سميك
خرسانة
مستوي
معزول
منحدر
متعدد الطوابق
كتلة من الخرسانة
أرضية / طابق
الريف
الحمام
سطح
الكبار / البالغين
سعر
يصلي
يفسر / يترجم
موقف
تقليدي
يبدو مندهشا
تصميم / يصمم
يسوي
موصل / كمساري
يزعج
موقع
عادات
طوب
يقلد
الظروف المناخية
الثلج
مطر غزير
موزع
ورق تغليف
الالتزام بنظام غذائي
متقدم
ينتج تلوث
عدد محدود
النظام العشري
مصادفة
معدن
شبيه بالزجاج
أصحاب / مُلاك
مشهور عالميا
ذو معرفة
قدماء المصريين
واثق
مسترخي
نجار
أساليب
عماره من 5 طوابق
علبة
منحني
مرتفع
فصول السنة
ممتلكات
دخل
ملح الصخور
جيل
برج سكني
راكب دراجة
أسطح مستوية
الطابق الأرضي
التجارة الخارجية

• Prepositions:
close to قريب من live with يعيش مع (شخص)
live in يعيش في (مكان) sit on the balcony يجلس في البلكونة
on the outskirts of في ضواحي .. live on يعيش علي ( دخل أوطعام )
keep out heat يمنع دخول الحرارة result in يؤدي إلي
fall down يسقط suitable for مناسب لـ
compare .. with يقارن..بـ reply to يرد علي
respond to يرد علي give up يقلع عن / يتوقف عن
get in يدخل get out يخرج
by mistake عن طريق الخطأ park in a garage يضع سيارته في الجراج
park on the road يركن في الطريق bring back يعيد
work out a sum يحل مسألة tend to يميل إلي

• Derivatives:
Verb Noun Adjective
insulate يعزل insulation عزل insulated معزول
isolate يفصل isolation فصل isolated منفصل
conduct يوصل conduction توصيل
conductor موصل conductive
له القدرة علي التوصيل
flatten يسوي flattening تسوية flat مستوي
slope ينحدر slope انحدار sloping منحدر
lock يغلق / يقفل lock قفل locked مغلق
thicken يصبح سميكا thickness سُمك thick سميك

• Important vocabulary for translation and composition:
census تعداد السكان
death rate معدل الوفيات
life expectancy متوسط العمر المتوقع
labour force القوة العاملة
rural areas المناطق الريفية
slums الأحياء الفقيرة
compulsory إجباري
minority أقلية birth control تحديد النسل
birth rate معدل المواليد
population explosion الانفجار السكانى
urban areas المناطق الحضرية
migration الهجرة
voluntary اختياري / تطوعي
majority أغلبية
family planning تنظيم الأسرة

 story - storey
story قصة
* He told me a very boring story.
storey طابق
* We live in a five-storey building.
*****************************
 middle - centre
middle منتصف (طريق / شارع / فترة زمنية)
the middle of the street / the middle of the road / the middle of the century / in the middle of the night
centre وسط / مركز
city centre / town centre / the centre of attention
*****************************
 overlook
overlook = look over يطل علي
* My flat overlooks the Nile.
overlook يتغاضي عن
* I usually overlook his mistake because he's still too young.
 view / scene / scenery / sight / sights
view منظر طبيعي (غالبا نراه من مكان معين)
* I want a room with a view of the sea
scene مشهد (في مسرحية مثلا) / مكان وقوع حدث معين
* The police arrived at the scene of the accident / crime
scenery مناظر طبيعية (جبال /وديان / أنهار / غابات)
* During the journey, they stopped to admire the scenery.
*****************************
 sight
sight البصر
* He lost his sight when he was 5 years old.
sight (v) يتمكن من رؤية شيء فجأة
* After two months at sea, the sailors sighted land.
sights المعالم الهامة التي تستحق الزيارة
* If you come to London, I'll show you the sights.
*****************************
 move
move = move in يغير سكنه / ينتقل لسكن جديد (لا يأتي بعدها مفعول)
* He didn't like his house, so he decided to move.
move into + مفعول
* He decided to move into a new house.
*****************************
 marry
marry = get married بدون مفعول \ get married to + مفعول
1- He married / got married in 1995.
2- She married ( got married to) her cousin.
*****************************
 weather - climate
weather الطقس (حالة الجو لفترة قصيرة )
* The weather is expected to be hot tomorrow.
climate المناخ (حالة الجو في مكان معين علي مدار العام)
* Britain has a temperate معتدل climate.
*****************************
 insulate - isolate
insulate يغطي بمادة عازلة للصوت أو الكهرباء أو الحرارة
1- These wires are insulated. معزول
2- It’s too cold outside, but this building is well insulated.
isolate يفصل شيء أو شخص عن أخر
* People who have infectious diseases أمراض معدية are often isolated from others.
*****************************
♣ whereas = but في حين أن (أداة ربط تدل علي التناقض بين الجملتين)
* He must be about 60, whereas his wife looks much younger.

♣Why is/are …important? = What is the importance of…?
* Why are trees important? = What is the importance of trees?
*****************************
 get in – get into
get in يدخل (بدون مفعول)
* The door was locked, so she couldn't get in.
get into يدخل (بعدها مفعول)
* The door was locked, so he got into the house through the window.
*****************************
♣لاحظ عدم تكرار الاسم إذا جاءت قبله كلمة one ونستخدم بدل الاسم كلمة another
from street to street / from one street to another
*****************************
 conduct
conduct يوصل حرارة ـ كهرباء
* Wood doesn't conduct heat or elecricity.
conduct يتصرف
* He conducted himself far better than expected.
*****************************
 stairs – escalator – elevator – lift
stairs السلم
* The stairs of his house are made of oak.
escalator سلم متحرك ( كهربى )
* An escalator carries people among different floors of a large building.
elevator ( lift ) مصعد ( كهربى )
* Ahmed's flat is on the sixth floor. Let's take the elevator ( lift ).

ضمائر الفاعـل ضمائر المفعـول صفـات الملكيـة ضمائر الملكيـة ضمائر الانعكـاس
I me my mine myself
He him his his himself
She her her hers herself
It it its ------ itself

You
you
your
yours yourself للمفـرد
yourselves للجمـع
They them their theirs themselves
We us our ours ourselves


•ضمائر الفاعل هي: I – You – He – She – It – We – They
وهي تستخدم كفاعل للجملة: . 1- I visited my friend.
2- She studies hard.

•ضمائر المفعول هي: me – you – him – her – it – us – them
وهي تستخدم كمفعول للجملة وتأتي أيضا بعد حروف الجر:
1- I saw him yesterday.
2- I gave a present to him.

•صفات الملكية ويأتي بعدها اسم و هي: my – your – his – her – its – our – their
1- My brother is a doctor.
2- This is her bag.

•ضمائر الملكية وتستخدم بدون اسم بعدها وهي: mine – yours – his – hers – ours – theirs
1- This book is mine.
2- This house is theirs.
لاحظ أننا نستخدم هذه الضمائر بعد a friend of
1- He is a friend of mine. = He is my friend.
2- She is a friend of yours. = She is your friend.
♣ ملاحظات عامة علي استخدام الضمائر:

1- لاحظ أن its للملكية و يأتي بعدها اسم:
2- The dog moved its tail. 1- The cat ate its food.
في حين أن it's تكون اختصار it is إذا جاء بعدها اسم أو صفة أو فعل منتهي بـ ing
* It's beautiful. It's raining. It's a new car.
وتكون it's اختصار it has إذا جاء بعدها التصريف الثالث:
* It's rained for two days.

2- الضمير it يستخدم لغير العاقل المفرد وفي حالة الجمع نستخدم they / them
* I bought 4 books. They are very useful.

3- لاحظ استخدام الضمير it للتعبير عن الزمن و المسافة و الطقس:
1- It is hot in this room.
* What time is it?

4- يستخدم الضمير one بمعني المرء وتدل علي الناس بصفة عامة ويمكن استخدام you بدلا منها:
* One/You must be careful when driving a car.
وفي حالة الملكية نستخدم one's ويمكن استخدام your بدلا منها:
* It is easy to lose one's / your way in New York.
ويمكن استخدام one بدلا من تكرار اسم مفرد يعد وفي حالة الجمع نستخدم ones :
1- I'm looking for a flat. I'd like a small one.
2- Green apples often taste better than red ones.
3- I've got two books. Which one would you like?

5-لاحظ صيغة السؤال التالية عن الملكية:
1- Whose book is this? = Who does this book belong to?
2- It's my book. = It's mine. / It's hers.

Singular مفرد: myself yourself herself himself itself
Plural جمع : ourselves yourselves themselves

 يستخدم الضمير المنعكس عندما يكون المفعول و الفاعل واحد:
1. He hurt himself.
2. He bought himself a mew shirt.
3. She looked at herself in the mirror.
4. Hala cut herself when she was peeling يقشر the potatoes.
5. I don’t want you to pay for me. I’ll pay for myself.
 يستخدم الضمير المنعكس للتأكيد ويأتي إما بعد الفاعل أو بعد المفعول:
1. I myself did the job. / I did the job myself.
2. Who mended your bike? ‘Nobody. I repaired it myself.
3. I am not going to do your homework. You’ll have to do it yourself.
 يستخدم الضمير المنعكس بعد by بمعني "بمفرده " أو "بدون مساعدة" :

by myself = on my own = alone / without any help

1. I went to the cinema on my own. = alone
2. Do you go to school by yourself? = alone
3. Did you paint that picture on your own? = without any help
4. I learned to use this computer by myself. = without any help
5. The machine works by itself. = alone
6. He lives on his own. = alone / by himself
 لا تستخدم الضمائر المنعكسة بعد أفعال معينة مثل :

approachيقترب من
rememberيتذكر
shave يحلق
wake upيستيقظ
wonder يتساءل complain يشكو
restيستريح
washيغسل
lie downينام
stand upيقف dress يلبس
relax يسترخي
worry يقلق
undressيخلع ملابسه
sit downيجلس

 لا تستخدم الضمائر المنعكسة بعد حروف الجر الخاصة بالموقع أو المكان أو الاتجاه:
1. She put her bag next to her.
2. The car was coming fast towards him.
3. She took her dog with her.
 يمكن أن نستخدم الضمائر المنعكسة بعد حروف الجر after / for / on
1. The children are old enough to look after themselves.
2. Try to depend on yourself.
 لاحظ الفرق بين : On his own Of his own &
on his own = alone / without help

1. My aunt lives on her own.
2. Don’t help him. Let him do it on his own.

Of his own = belonging to him and to no one else تدل علي الملكية

1. I’d like to have a car of my own.
2. He’s got no ideas of his own.
 لاحظ أن الضمير المنعكس للضمير one هو oneself
* One hopes that one’s children will be more successful than oneself.

Idioms with reflexive pronouns: تعبيرات معينة تستخدم فيها الضمائر المنعكسة
1. Enjoy yourself = have a good time
2. Help yourself = take what you want
3. Make yourself at home. = behave freely as if it were your own home
4. He made a name for himself. = He became famous.
5. Take care of yourself
6. Behave yourself = be polite /behave well

• Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
1- Choose the correct answer:
1- In hot countries, buildings often have (thin – stick – black – thick) walls to keep people cool
2- On cool evenings, people who live in flats like to sit out on their (ceiling – wall – balcony- block) and read.
3- Many supermarkets are built on the (outskirts – outlets – outlooks – outlines) of towns
and cities.
4- I've always wanted to live in a building that (overcomes – oversees – overlooks – overweighs) a football ground so that I can watch matches without leaving the flat.
5- A (multi-story / multinational / multidimensional / multimedia) car park has many levels.
6- The (thickness – sickness – stiffness – fitness) of walls in my house helps to keep us
cool in summer.
7- I'm ready to (overhear – overheat – overlook – overtime) his behaviour this time.
8- This house is joined to another house on only one side. It is a semi-(final –
detached circle – colon) house.
9- A (tower – shower – blower – drawer) block is a building divided into flats or offices.
10- (Carbohydrate – Concrete – Certificate – Accumulate) is usually used for building.
11- This metal (infects – constructs – deducts – conducts) electricity.
12- Much of the countryside is (concrete – flat – detached – attached). It has no high areas.
13- The animal's thick fur provides very good (insulation - isolation – anticipation – decoration) against the arctic cold.
14- This electric wire is (activated – adapted – insulated – affected). It is covered with plastic.
15- In places where there is a lot of rain or snow, hoses usually have (stopping – sloping – flat – concrete) roofs.
16- In Egypt, where there is little rain, most houses have (bending – brick – high – flat) roofs.
17- A lot of buildings in Egypt are made of bricks and (concrete – wool – fur – rocks).
18- Some houses do not (corrupt – instruct - conduct – detect) heat well, so the inside stays cool.
19- Modern houses can be very high-(tech – trick – brick – stick).
20- We couldn't get into our house because the doors were (checked – close – locked – open).

• Exercise on grammar:
1- Choose the correct answer:
1- Did you both hurt (yourself – yourselves – herself – themselves)?
2- The dog barked on seeing (it – its – itself – herself) in a mirror.
3- This book isn't (they – them – there's – theirs). It's ours.
4- Make (themselves – yourself – you – your) a cup of tea.
5- The girl is feeling faint. Take (herself – yourself – hers – her) to hospital.
6- The house (themselves – itself – yourself- myself) is nice, but the garden is very small.
7- We wanted to buy the table, but (it's – it – itself – its) surface was damaged.
8- We got out of the water and dried (us – we – ourselves – themselves).
9- I am going to the shops to get (myself – herself – themselves – yourselves) some
tennis shoes.
10- I love you for (yourself – itself – oneself – themselves), not for your money.
11- I (showered – showered myself – showered by myself – showered to myself) and
dressed in ten minutes.
12- We didn't ask for help. We did all the work (myself – yourself – ourselves - yourselves).
13- Our house is not as modern as (her – your – their – hers).
14- Is this your brother's bike? No, it's (his – him – me – mine).
15- If you see Ali, can you tell (he – his – him – them) to phone me tomorrow.
16- The woman looked surprised when she saw (herself – itself – himself- ourselves)
17- in the mirror.
18- She fell down the stairs, but she didn't (hurt – hurt her – hurt herself – hurt hers).
19- Peter fell off his bike, but he wasn't (hurt – hurt himself – hurting – hurt itself).
20- Sally, did you and Mona paint the room (yourself – yourselves – themselves – herself)?