مراجعة على اللغة الانجليزية الثالث الثانوى Review A

Review A

Key Vocabulary

launch يطلق / اطلاق renewable متجدد
side effects آثار جانبية source منبع النهر
alike متشابه mouth مصب النهر
fossil fuel وقود الحفريات predict يتنبأ بـ
power station محطة طاقة recommend يوصى بـ / يرشح
have the right to لديه الحق فى distance مسافة
generate يولد capture يستولى على/ يأسر/يحصل على
electricity generation توليد الكهرباء store يخزن

Vocabulary

waves أمواج motorway طريق سريع
tides المد و الجزر collect يجمع
giant عملاق garage ورشة سيارات
rubber مطاط repair يصلح
tidal power طاقة المد و الجزر contact يتصل بـ
permit يسمح reduce يقلل
estuary مصب خليجى لنهر directions اتجاهات
course مجرى (المياه) purpose غرض
current تيار (هواء / ماء) examine يفحص
barriers حواجز e-mail بريد اليكترونى
an inlet شرم صغير فى الساحل check يفحص / يتأكد من
an outlet مخرج / منفذ message رسالة
release يطلق control يتحكم فى
environmental بيئى experts خبراء
impact تأثير science fiction خيال علمى
device جهاز currently حاليا
include يشتمل على sat-nav الملاحة الفضائية
buoy عوامة (لرسو السفن) destination جهة الوصول
riverbed قاع النهر location مكان / موقع
seabed قاع البحر cyclists راكبى الدراجات
weather الطقس walkers المشاه
fast forward سريعا للأمام car makers صانعى السيارات
smart car سيارة ذكية fine يغرم / غرامة
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road safety سلامة الطريق weightless sports رياضات انعدام الوزن
cushion (v) يخفف شدة الاصطدام speed limit حد السرعة
celebrate يحتفل بـ braking system جهاز الفرامل
anniversary ذكرى سنوية speed bump مطب لتخفيف السرعة
features ملامح solar energy الطاقة الشمسية
enforce يفرض بالقوة hybrid هجين
route طريق strictly بحزم / بشدة
fault خطأ / عيب serious injuries اصابات خطيرة

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions

do research يقوم بإجراء بحث ask about يسأل عن
be attached to متصل بـ / ملحق بـ connect to the internet يتصل بالانترنت
similar in shape to مشابه فى الشكل لـ turn on يُشغل
go wrong يحدث به عطل warn … of يحذر ..... من
run out of يستهلك do exercise يمارس تمارين رياضية
turn turbines يدير التوربينات at the age of فى سن
hold back يمتنع عن/يتراجع عن be changed into يتحول إلى
at the weekend فى عطلة نهاية الأسبوع be turned into يتحول إلى
go shopping يذهب للتسوق switch on يُشغل
take an exam يمتحن in this way بهذه الطريقة
depend on يعتمد على make predictions يقوم بعمل تنبؤات
spend money on ينفق المال على reply on the mobile يرد على الموبايل
pay for يدفع ثمن solve a problem يحل مشكلة
drive on the road يقود على الطريق all over the world فى كل أنحاء العالم
on the internet على الانترنت speed up يسرع / يب\عجل
last for يستمر لمدة cause of سبب كذا
make suggestions يقوم بعمل اقتراحات agree on يتفق على
slow down يبطئ take photographs of يصور

Antonyms كلمات و عكسها

Word الكلمة Antonym العكس
fast سريع slow بطئ
outlet مخرج inlet مدخل
forward للأمام backward للخلف
wrong خطأ right صح
possible ممكن impossible مستحيل
nearest أقرب farthest أبعد
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Derivatives المشتقات

Verb فعل Noun اسم Adjective صفة
cost يكلف cost تكلفة costly مكلف
succeed ينجح success نجاح successful ناجح
depend يعتمد dependence اعتماد dependent معتمد / عالة
reduce يقلل reduction تقليل reduced مخفض
generate يولد generation توليد / جيل generative ذو قوة تناسلية

Confusable Words

special خاص (يتميز عن غيره) private خاص (يمتلكه شخص أو مجموعة)
Ex: special occasion مناسبة / train / clothes / care رعاية / friend
private car / school / letter / life / hospital / visit

hard:(adj.) (v. to be صلب / صعب (تأتى قبل الاسم الموصوف و بعد
hard: (adv.) باجتهاد (تأتى بعد الفعل الأساسى)
hardly: (adv.) very little ; almost no بصعوبة / بشقّ النفس / بالكاد / قليلاً ما
وتأتى قبل الفعل الأساسى و بعد الأفعال المساعدة
Ex: Iron الحديد is a hard material.
There were a lot of hard questions in the exam.
They always had to work very hard to earn their living.
I hardly knew her.
There was hardly enough to eat.

similar: alike متشابه (لكن ليست مطابقة تماما)
عند المقارنة نستخدم كلمة to بعد كلمة similar
the same: not different نفس الشئ (لا يوجد أى اختلاف)
عند المقارنة نستخدم as بعد the same
Ex: They are similar, but they are not the same.
Brass النحاس الأصفر is similar to gold in colour.
He was wearing the same shirt he’d had on the day before.
I like the same music as you.

Language Notes

plan + to + مصدر يخطط لـ
Ex: I am not planning to stay here much longer.

stop + مفعول + from + v. + ing يمنع .... من
Ex: You can’t stop me from doing what I want.
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The main purpose of ............ is to + مصدر الغرض الرئيسى من كذا هو
Ex: The main purpose of the research is to find out the causes of the disease.

Let’s +مصدر هيا / دعنا = How about + v. + ing ما رأيك فى
Ex: Let’s go to the club tonight.
What about going to the club tonight?

 Choose the correct answer:
1- The teacher asked us to (make-take-work-do) online search about how electricity is made from waves and tides.
2- Wave power is used for electricity (generation-generalization-generosity-gratitude).
3- You should (catch-attach-attack-join) a photo to your application form.
4- He (hardly-hardy-harder-hard) ate anything.
5- What are the main (reasons-causes-affects-cases) of road accidents in your area?
6- We should do our best to (increase-raise-rise-reduce) the number of road accidents.
7- We (did-worked-made-carried) three suggestions for improving road safety in our area.
8- The (smart-beautiful-fast-fashionable) car tells the driver exactly where the vehicle is.
9- I’m sorry; I have been trying to (contain-contact-contest-deliver) you for days.
10- He went to the (park-shop-museum-garage) to have his car repaired.
11- Something (had-went-worked-came) wrong with my car yesterday.
12- Our flight reaches our (destinations-goals-aims-delegations) at 7 pm.
13- Doctors are worried that the new drug may have serious (side-inside-sides-aside) effects.
14- Mobile phones are dangerous, as you cannot drive safely when speaking (in-on-with-by) a mobile phone.
15- Space tourists will be able to practise (weighting-weight-weightless-weighty) sports.
16- Astronauts wear (special-private-particular-certain) clothes which protect them.
17- I’m afraid he isn’t here. Can I take a (a letter-chat-message-massage)?
18- Let’s (pay-paying-to pay-paid) Hala a visit today.
19- In the future, computers in cars will help drivers to (answer-reply-dissolve-solve) engine problems.
20- Speed (jumps-clumps-bumps-stunts) stop drivers from going so fast.
21- Speed cameras (take-make-do-work) photographs of cars going too fast.
22- We always celebrate our wedding (anniversary-memory-memorial-failure) with dinner in an expensive restaurant.
23- The doctor (expected-saw-examined-looked) the patient carefully.
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24- It's still not possible to accurately (predict-protect-pretend-select) the occurrence of earthquakes.
25- The American navy (launched-started-began-set off) a new warship last week.
26- The (distance-way-area-space) between Cairo and London is 3, 5000 kilometers.
27- Our washing machine has broken down, but someone is coming to (destroy-spoil-leak-repair) it tomorrow.
28- This map shows the exact (existence-destination-location-generation) of the project.
29- It is expected that oil will have (run-gone-moved-taken) out in 50 years’ time.
30- Coal, oil and natural gas are all (renewable-fossil-nuclear-energy) fuels.

4-Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly:
1- The wind farm may be able to generation enough electricity for 2000 homes.
2- We should reach our destiny before midnight.
3- The computer in the smarting car will be able to work out what’s wrong and what needs to be done.
4- Let’s meeting at eight o’clock tomorrow.
5- Foul is a substance such as coal, gas or oil, which can be burnt to produce power.


Language Focus

Future time زمن المستقبل

1) Future Simple زمن المستقبل البسيط
 يتكون المستقبل البسيط من: المصدر will / shall +
- I expect I will (‘ll) see you tomorrow.
- We shall probably go to Alex in the summer.
• لاحظ استخدام will مع كل الضمائر واستخدام shall مع I / we فقط:
• يستخدم المستقبل البسيط مع كلمات مثل:
next year / in the future / soon / in a year / tomorrow / this time next week
this time tomorrow / soon
- I’ll travel tomorrow morning.
- They will arrive soon.
• لاحظ استخدام المستقبل البسيط غالبا مع:
I expect / I’m sure / I think / probably /I hope / I believe / I feel sure / Perhaps /
I know / I wonder / I suppose
- I expect he will win the first prize.
- I don’t think she will get the job.
- Perhaps it will rain tomorrow.

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• ويستخدم المستقبل البسيط مع If في الحالة الأولي :
- If it rains, we will stay at home.

 استخدامات will:

 تعبر willعن حقائق مستقبلية (future facts).
- I’ll be 16 next week.
 تستخدمwill للتنبؤ عن أحداث مستقبلية predictions) ).
- I’ll probably be away for a week.
 تعبر will عن قرار سريع (quick decision).
- That’s the phone – I’ll answer it.
 تستخدم will فى العرض (offer) و كذلك فى الطلب (request)
- I’ll go shopping with you if you like. (Offer)
- Will you look at my homework tonight, please? (Request)
 تستخدم will للتهديد (threat) .
- I’ll resign if I don’t get a pay rise.

2) Going to
- I’m going to watch the TV news before I go to bed.
- He isn’t going to visit his uncle until Saturday.
- Watch out! The baby is going to fall.
 تستخدم going to للتعبير عن خطط (plans) و نوايا (intentions) و قرارات (decisions).
- I’m going to make some coffee. Do you want some?
- My sister is going to apply for a place at medical school.
- When I get home, I’m going to watch the news on TV.
 تستخدم going to للتنبؤ بحدث فى المستقبل و يوجد له دليل الآن.
- I think I’m going to fail this exam. I haven’t done much work.
- I think it’s going to rain. The sky’s looking very dark.
- I just read the weather report. It’s going to be sunny.

3)The present continuous زمن المضارع المستمر
 يعبر المضارع المستمر عن حدث فى المستقبل تم الترتيب له و هو محدد.
- He’s travelling to Assiut tomorrow. He’s got his ticket.
- I’m going home in half an hour. I’ve arranged it with the boss.
- I can’t see you tomorrow. We’re visiting relatives.

4)The present simple زمن المضارع البسيط
 يعبر المضارع البسيط عن حدث مؤكد فى المستقبل بسبب جدول مواعيد الخاص مثلا بوسائل المواصلات و السينما و المسرح و المدرسة و جداول الامتحانات.
- The course starts in October.
- This lesson doesn’t finish until 2.30.
- My plane leaves at 7.30 in the morning.

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Subject-Verb agreement توافق الفعل و الفعل

Special Cases حالات خاصة

 Countable uses of nouns:
 الأسماء التي تُعد تستخدم مفرد أو جمع:
- He went to a school in Cairo.
- There are hundreds of schools in Cairo.
- The Prisoner of Zenda is a novel.
- I read three novels last week.
 تُستخدم الكلمات a / an / the / one مع الأسماء التي تعد:
- I’ve just seen a train.
- I’ve just seen an accident.
- Where’s the book I lent you?
- There are 60 seconds in one minute.

 وتُستخدم الأسماء التي تُعد أيضا مع الكلمات الآتية:
any / some / many / the / How many / two / three, etc. / a lot of
- Were there any mistakes in your homework?
- Some children are having a picnic in the park.
- There aren’t many cars on the road this morning.
- How many students are there in your class?
- The apples were in my shopping bag.
- There are six CDs and four DVDs on the table.
- He has got a lot of friends.
 لاحظ استخدام any فى الأسئلة و الجمل المنفية.
 لاحظ استخدام some فى الجمل المثبتة و الأسئلة التى تعبر عن عرض أو طلب.
 لاحظ استخدام many فى الجمل المنفية و الأسئلة.
 لاحظ استخدام a lot of فى الجمل المثبتة.

 Uncountable uses of nouns:
 الأسماء التي لا تُعد لا تجمع والفعل معها مفرد ولا يُستخدم معها a / an مثل:

accommodation مسكن furniture أثاث money المال
advice نصيحة harm ضرر news الأخبار
baggage أمتعة information معلومات traffic المرور
behaviour سلوك knowledge معرفة water المياه
bread الخبز luck الحظ weather الطقس
damage الدمار luggage أمتعة work العمل

- Could I have a glass of water?
- It isn’t a good idea to borrow money.
 بعض الأسماء التي لا تُعد يمكن أن تسبقها الأداة a/an إذا جاءت قبلها الصفة:
- She completed her education in 1995.
- She had a good education.
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 الأسماء التي لا تُعد يمكن استخدامها مع الكلمات و العبارات الآتية:
the / any / some / much / how much / this / that / a lot of
- The water in the river is very clean.
- Have we got any bread?
- We have some bread.
- We don’t have any butter.
- Would you like some more tea?
- Can I have some sugar, please?
- We don’t have much time left.
- How much food do we need for ten people?
- He has got a lot of money.
 لاحظ استخدام any فى الأسئلة و الجمل المنفية.
 لاحظ استخدام some فى الجمل المثبتة و الأسئلة التى تعبر عن عرض أو طلب.
 لاحظ استخدام much فى الجمل المنفية و الأسئلة.
 لاحظ استخدام a lot of فى الجمل المثبتة.

 Nouns and noun phrases which refer to groups:
 معظم الأسماء التي تُشير إلي مجموعات يمكن أن يُستخدم معها فعل مفرد أو جمع مثل:

company شركة army جيش class فصل team فريق
crowd جمهور crew (طاقم (طائرة/سفينة couple زوجان committee لجنة
navy البحرية group جماعة gang عصابة family عائلة
university جامعة staffهيئة العاملين population سكان

 عندما نفكر فى المجموعة ككل أى كوحدة واحدة نستخدم فعل مفرد
- The Egyptian team is going to play in the finals. هنا الكلام عن الفريق كوحدة واحدة
 عندما نفكر فى أعضاء المجموعة كأفراد نستخدم فعل جمع
- The Egyptian team are going to play in the finals. هنا نقصد الفريق كأفراد
 كلمة the public بمعني عامة الناس يأتي معها الفعل جمع أو مفرد :
- The public has / have the right to know everything.

 لاحظ أننا نستخدم فعل جمع مع: police / people / cattle
- The police are looking for the bank robbers.

 Nouns which look plural:
 العبارات الدالة علي الكمية و المبالغ المالية والزمن و الثمن و المسافة و الوزن ودرجات الحرارة تُعامل معاملة المفرد مع الفعل:
- Ten million pounds is a lot of money.
- Fifty litres of petrol fills my car.
- Five ilometers is a long way to walk if you are carrying a heavy bag.
- Two hours is a long time to wait.
- Fifty degrees is a very high temperature.
 ولكن لاحظ أننا نقول:
- Three one-pound coins are on the desk. ثلاث عملات معدنية من فئة الجنيه
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 بعض الأسماء المنتهية بحرف s مثل الألعاب الرياضية و المواد الدراسية يُستخدم معها دائما فعل مفرد:
Athletics ألعاب القوى / politics السياسة / gymnastics ألعاب الجمباز / news الأخبار
mathematics الرياضيات/ maths الرياضيات / economics علم الاقتصاد/ physics الفيزياء
- Politics was my best subject at university.
- Athletics is my favourite sport.


 ملاحظات هامة:
 هناك كلمات أخرى يمكن أن تكون countable أو uncountable مع اختلاف المعني مثل:
orange / paper / coffee / hair / chicken / glass / time / cold / light / iron
1- Would you like an orange? (the fruit(برتقالة
I don’t like orange. I prefer red. (the colour (اللون البرتقالى
2- Would you like a coffee? (a cup of coffee (فنجان قهوة
Coffee can you stop you sleeping. مشروب القهوة
3-I’ve got a hair in my mouth. (a single hair (شعرة
There’s hair on the floor. (a lot of hair (شعر
4-Do you like chicken? (chicken meat (لحم الفراخ
Do you like chickens? (the animals (الفراخ

- كلمة school بمعني المكان الذي يتعلم فيه الطلاب لا تُعد أما إذا قصدنا المدرسة كمبني فهي تُعد:
- She drives the kids to school every morning.
- They’re building a new school in the village.

Present simple Tense: Active
زمن المضارع البسيط : المبنى للمعلوم

 Form: التكوين
 يتكون المضارع البسيط من مصدر الفعل بدون to مثل: play / go / eat
 يضاف للفعل حرف s / es / ies مع الفاعل المفرد الغائب (he / she /it)
- We use petrol in our cars.
- The sun rises in the east.

 Usage: الاستخدام

 يستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن حقائق تكون دائما
- Doctors help ill people.

 يستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن عادة habit أو حدث متكرر repeated action
- I go to work at 7 o’clock.
- I do my homework every night.

 يعبر المضارع البسيط عن حالة أو موقف حقيقى دائم true situation
- I prefer coffee to tea.
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 يستخدم المضارع البسيط مع الظروف الزمنية الآتية:
every day/ week / year – twice a week / a month – on Sundays / Fridays
- We watch TV every night.
- I go to the library once a week.
 يستخدم المضارع البسيط مع ظروف التكرار الآتية:
always دائماً - usually عادةً - often غالباً – sometimes أحياناً – not often
rarely / seldom نادراً – never أبداً – ever – frequently – occasionally
- I rarely watch television.
- I’m always in a hurry in the morning.

Present simple Tense: Passive
زمن المضارع البسيط : المبنى للمجهول

 تتكون زمن المضارع البسيط فى صيغة المبنى للمجهول من:

مفعول + am / is / are + pp + by + فاعل

- Trees are sometimes blown down in the night.
- His house is heated by the sun.

 Choose the correct answer:
1- I expect he (will-would-could-might) pass his exams easily.
2- How many kilos (am-is-are-have) it from school to your home?
3- (Am-Is-Are-Were) a thousand pounds too much to spend on holiday?
4- How (some-much-many-few) people are there in a football team?
5- How (much-many-some-lot) money did you pay for the book on your desk?
6- Energy (produce-produces-is producing-is produced) when the light from the sun reaches the Earth.
7- The film (is starting-is going to start-starts-has started) at 7.30 this evening.
8- A: This year I'm going on holiday with my family to Italy. B: I'm sure you (enjoy-will enjoy-are enjoying-have enjoyed) it.
9- A: Are you leaving this evening? B: Yes, my train (is going to leave-will leave-leaves-has left) at 7.15.
10- A: Have you made any arrangements for next week? B: Yes, I (will meet-meet-am meeting-have met) a friend from Cairo on Monday.
11- A: Do you have any plans for the weekend. B: I (meet-'m going to meet-'ll meet-would meet) Professor Ali on Saturday morning.
12- A: I'm going on holiday to Europe this October. Should I take an umbrella? B: Yes, it (will probably rain-is probably raining-probably rains-has probably rained).
13- I (visit-going to visit-am visiting-would visit) some relatives next Monday. It's already arranged.
14- The wind (uses-is used-is using-used) to generate electricity.
15- Rubbish (burns-burn-is burning-is burnt) and (turn-turnrd-turning-turns) into energy,
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4-Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly:
1- How many petrol does your car use?
2- Sat-nat systems is very useful for many drivers.
3- Much things can go wrong with a car engine.
4- Many lives will be save by the devices.
5- Thirty kilometers are a long way to travel on one litre of petrol.
6- The rocket is going to reach the moon on Tuesday. Everyone watched the lunch on TV.

Language Functions

Situations with Model Answers

1- A friend asks you the time of the next lesson.
The lesson starts at ten o’clock.
2- Someone asks you to predict tomorrow’s weather.
It will almost certainly very hot.
3- Your parents ask what you have planned to do at the weekend.
I’m going shopping with Samia.
4- Recommend a book to a friend.
I think you’ll enjoy this book.
5- A friend asks what exams you have this year.
I’m taking an English exam.
6- A friend wants to know the train times to Cairo.
The train leaves at five o’clock.

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General Test

(Units 1, 2 & 3 + Chapter 2)

A) Language Functions

1- Respond to each of the following situations:
1- A friend asks you the time of the next lesson.
2- Someone asks you to predict tomorrow’s weather.
3- Your parents ask what you have planned to do at the weekend.
4- Recommend a book to a friend.

2- Mention the place, the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues:
1- A: Good morning. Can I help you?
B: Yes, it’s my father’s birthday soon. I’d Place:
like to buy him a book about space travel. Speaker A:
A: These two are very popular. This one is ten Speaker B:
and this is five pounds. Function:
B: Could I have the one that’s five pounds, please?

2- A: Can you turn the television for me, please? Place:
B: OK, Mum. What’s on? Speaker A:
A: The Olympic Games. It’s gymnastics this Speaker B:
afternoon. Function:
B: Really? I’d like to watch that, too.

B) Vocabulary and Structure

3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Millions of people watched the rocket ……………… on TV.
a) start b) launch c) set off d) beginning
2- This medicine I’m taking is wonderful. It has no side ……………… .
a) results b) damage c) effects d) problems
3- My brother and I are not twins, but we are very …………………….
a) alike b) same c) like d) correct
4- Coal and oil are two kinds of fossil …………………… .
a) petrol b) gas c) energy d) fuels
5- Electricity is produced in a ………………… station.
a) bus b) railway c) power d) energy
6- Rubbish is a cheap source of ………………… energy.
a) nuclear b) non-smoking c) non-renewable d) renewable
7- For some people, reading and watching films are forms of …………………… .
a) escapism b) ecotourism c) fiction d) waste
(12)
8- Space cruisers will probably ………………… the Earth at a height of 320 kilometres.
a) wander b) orbit c) move d) fly
9- I think it ………….. rain. The sky’s looking very dark.
a) is going to rain b) will rain c) is raining d) rains
10- I expect I …………… you at the weekend.
a) ‘m going to see b) ‘m seeing c) ‘ll see d) see
11- The film ……………… at 7.30 this evening.
a) is going to start b) will start c) is starting d) starts
12- How …………… times have you seen that film?
a) many b) much c) lots d) different
13- The distance from her to Cairo and …………….. two kilometres.
a) are b) has been c) is d) is being
14- Politics ……………… my best subject at university.
a) was b) were c) is d) are
15- My plane …………… at 7.30 in the morning.
a) is going to leave b) will leave c) is leaving d) leaves
16- In some places, wood ……………… to heat people’s homes.
a) is burnt b) are burnt c) burns d) burnt

4-Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly:
1- I’ve decided that I’m doing more exercise in future.
2- It’s a really good film. I’m sure you enjoy it.
3- Millions of cars produce by Japanese companies every year.
4- In many countries, children take the right to go to school until the age of 16.
5- Electricity is produce in energy stations.
6- Many things can take wrong with a car engine.

C) Reading

5-Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Many experts believe there are too many people in the world. Unless there are big changes in the way people think about the number of children they should have, the world’s population will double in 25 years. There will be more than 20 cities with populations greater than 20 million. Now there is only one.
Some people point to countries such as Australia and say, “There is plenty of room there.” Although most of Australia is unpopulated, and much of it is tiny populated, there are reasons for this. Firstly, much of the land is desert and waterless, and secondly, even the land that is not desert is not suitable for anything, not even growing grass. Another major problem we shall have to face as the world’s population grows, is a shortage of energy. We are using up coal and oil and when they have been used up, we shall have to find something to take their place. It is true that we can make electricity from the heat of the sun and moving
(13)
water, but we don’t yet have the technology to do this in a big way. Perhaps, the biggest problem we shall have when the world’s population doubles will be pollution. The air we breathe is already badly polluted.

A) Give short answers to the following questions:
1- How many present cities have a population of over 20 million?
2- According to the passage, why is a great area of Australia unpopulated?
3- Mention two problems we will face as a result of overpopulation.

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
4- In order to prevent the world’s population from being doubled, there must be a change in ……………………………….
a) the methods of agriculture
b) sources of energy
c) the way people think about the number of children they should have
d) the education of the great numbers of children
5- the underlined word “they” refers to ……………………….
a) experts b) coal and oil
c) electricity and moving water d) population and pollution

6-Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
It is difficult to believe that less than a 150 years ago, we could not switch on lights in our homes when it went dark. People who wanted to work or study at night had to use gas or oil lights. Electric light bulbs were invented in 1879 by Thomas Edison, who also helped produce the system of getting electricity from where it was generated to where it was used.
Edison was a very intelligent man, but when he was at school his teachers did not realize this. He had to leave school at the age of seven because he asked too many questions. His mother realized that he only asked questions because he was interested, so she educated him at home.
The General Electric Company, which Edison started, still supplies most of the electricity in North America today.

A) Give short answers to the following questions:
1- What three forms of energy are referred to in the article?
2- As well as light bulbs, what did Thomas Edison invent?
3- Why did Edison have to leave school at the age of seven?

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
4- Which of the following is true?
a) Edison invented electricity.
b) Edison never went to school.
c) Edison was taught by one of his parents.
d) Edison is still the owner of General Electric Company.
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5- What does “generate” mean in the phrase “generate electricity”?
a) produce b) use c) invent d) find

The Mask of Gold

7-A) Answer the following questions:
1- Why didn’t Leila study archaeology with Dr Hafez in Cairo?
2- When did the Customs at Lima Airport let Leila through with the laser machine?

B) Read the following quotation and answer the questions:
“I didn't want to tell him exactly where Dr Hafez's excavations were taking place”
1- Who said these words, to whom and where?
2- What made the speaker doubt the addressed person?

C) Complete the following sentences:
1- Leila had to take a connecting flight to Lima because …………………………
2- People think that Dr Hafez is giving Leila a special treatment………………….

D) Writing

8-Write a paragraph of about 100 words about:
Space travel in the future

9- A) Translate into Arabic:
Currently, the cost of a holiday in space is very high. But the more people want something, the cheaper it will become. So if you are interested, start saving now!

B) Translate into English:
1- إن مبلغ اثنين مليون جنيه مال كثير.
2-فى بعض الأماكن يستخدم السكر لعمل وقود للسيارات و المركبات الأخرى.