شرح كامل للوحدة 10 لغة انجليزية الثالث الثانوى المرحلة الثانية

Unit 10: Science and Scientists

Tape Script

Sara: I wish I knew what I was going to do when I leave school. Do you know what you're
going to do, Leila?
Leila: Yes, I want to go to university to study medicine. Then, after that, I want to work as a doctor. Don't you have any ideas, Sara?
Sara: No, I don't. And I don't think I've done very well in this year's science tests at school.
Leila: I'm sure you 'II be OK.
Sara: I don't know. I wish I'd done more revision this year.
Leila: I expect you 'II do better in next year's tests.
Sara: I hope so. I just wish I'd worked harder this year. I wish I hadn't wasted my time in the holidays…, so you want to be a doctor?
Leila: Yes, I'd like to work as a hospital doctor for a few years, then I'd like to be a scientist.
Sara: That sounds interesting.
Leila: Yes. You can't know about everything, so research scientists have to specialize. It's all about doing experiments and comparing your results with other scientists, then gradually developing theories.
Sara: What will you specialise in?
Leila: I'd like to specialize in studying the causes of serious illnesses like cancer or diabetes.
Sara: Really? Perhaps I should specialise. I wish there were something I was interested in, like you.
Leila: You'II probably become interested in something soon.
Sara: I hope so. I do want to be successful.
Leila: I Know! Let's agree now to get together in five years' time, to see if we've achieved our ambitions
Sara: Good idea! Let's make sure we do.

Reading: Food from the air

• Everyone has seen plants growing, but have you ever thought where they get their food? In 1652, a European scientist called Van Helmot asked this question. Like most people, he thought that plant must get their food from soil. However, Van Helmot decided to test the theory with experiments. First, he dried some soil, put it into a pot and weighed it. Next, he weighed a small tree, planted it in the pot and added rain water. Then, he watered the soil regularly with rain water.
• After five years, he removed the tree from the pot and weighed it again. He found that the tree had gained a huge amount of weight. When he weighed the soil, however, it was almost exactly the same as it had been five years earlier. Van Helmot thought this
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was strange, but decided that the extra weight of the tree must have come from the water. He did not realise that there was another invisible food, which was feeding his tree.
• We now know that plants and trees make their own food. Their leaves are like factories producing everything they need, so that plants can change the energy from the sun into chemical energy. During this process, oxygen and sugar are produced. The oxygen is released back into the air, and the sugar is used by the plant as food.

Key Vocabulary

achieve يحقق / ينجز theory نظرية
cancer السرطان amount كمية / مقدار
cure علاج invisible غير مرئى
diabetes مرض السكر release يطلق / اطلاق
gradually بالتدريج gain يزداد / يكتسب
result نتيجة regularly بانتظام
specialise يتخصص process عملية

Vocabulary

anthropologist عالم يدرس علم الانسان serious illness مرض خطير
archaeologist عالم اثار treatment علاج / معاملة
biologist عالم أحياء injury اصابة
chemist عالم كيمياء / صيدلى research بحث / يبحث
geographer عالم جغرافيا ambition طموح
geologist عالم جيولوجيا areas of science مجالات العلم
oceanographer عالم فى دراسة المحيطات battery بطارية
zoologist عالم فى علم الحيوان experiments تجارب معملية
research scientist عالم أبحاث limit حد / يحدد
medical scientist عالم فى الطب prove يبرهن / يثبت
food scientist عالم أغذية develop يطور / ينمى
nuclear scientist عالم نووى prevent تطوير / تنمية
space scientist عالم فضاء improve يحسن
environmental scientist عالم بيئى improvement تحسين
biochemist عالم كيمياء حيوية surprise يفاجئ / مفاجأة
psychologist عالم نفس diabetic مصاب بمرض السكر
physicist عالم فيزياء achievement انجاز
geneticist عالم وراثة gradual تدريجى
specialist أخصائى theoretically نظريا
medical laboratory معمل طبى a series of events سلسلة أحداث
dissect يشرح naturally بشكل طبيعى
dissection تشريح test يختبر
normal طبيعى dry يجفف
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soil تربة protective واقى
pot إناء nuclear reactor مفاعل نووى
weigh يزن space stimulator آلة محاكة للفضاء
add يضيف advance تقدم
water يروى growing population سكان متزايدين
remove يزيل combine يخلط / يمزج
Extra weight وزن زائد nutritional value قيمة غذائية
feed يطعم combat يكافح / يقاوم
flood يفيض / يغمر بالمياه disease-free crops محاصيل خالية من الأمراض
spread ينشر / ينتشر existing diseases الأمراض الموجودة
weight وزن continental drift الجرف القارى
disprove يدحض / يفند / يكذب disappointment خيبة أمل
record يسجل rain water مياه الأمطار
details تفاصيل relativity theory نظرية النسبية
discovery اكتشاف chemical energy الطاقة الكيميائية
antibiotic مضاد حيوى tap حنفية
terminal diseases أمراض مميتة germs جراثيم
alternatives بدائل snake venom سم الثعابين
genetic information معلومات وراثية overcome يتغلب على
generations أجيال appreciate يُقَدِر
blood circulation الدورة الدموية plate tectonics فن البناء الطبقى
lungs الرئتين link رابطة / علاقة
radioactive مشع solar system النظام الشمسية

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions

carry out an experiment يجرى تجربة keep up with يساير / يجاري / يواكب
carry out a dissection يقوم بعملية تشرح get over يتغلب على
do well in a test يؤدى جيدا فى الامتحان pass down through ينقل من خلال
do revision يراجع sorry about اسف بخصوص
do an experiment on يجرى تجربة على make a decision يتخذ قرار
specialise in يتخصص في do research into يجرى بحث عن
cause of سبب find out يعرف / يكتشف
interested in مهتم بـ test ….. with يختبر .... بـ
get together يتقابل make food يصنع الطعام
achieve his ambitions يحقق أهدافه change from ….. to يتحول من ..... الى
make sure يتأكد increase in زيادة فى
worried about قلق بشأن at regular times في أوقات منتظمة
find a cure for يجد علاجا لــ arise from ينشأ من
work on a subject يبحث فى موضوع gain weight يزداد فى الوزن
an explanation for تفسير لـ look on the internet يبحث على الانترنت
careful about حريص بشأن turn the tap off يغلق صنبور المياه
benefit from يستفيد من be released into the air تنطلق في الهواء
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run out ينفذ do better يتحسن
take an exam بؤدى امتحان lose weight يخس وزنا
result in يؤدى الى result from ينتج عن

Antonyms كلمات و عكسها

Word الكلمة Antonym العكس
invisible غير مرئى visible مرئى
regularly بشكل منتظم irregularly بشكل غير منتظم
theoretical نظرى practical عملى
gradually بالتدريج suddenly فجأة
release يطلق سراح trap يحبس / يحتجز
curable يمكن علاجه incurable لا يمكن علاجه
natural طبيعى unnatural غير طبيعى

Derivatives المشتقات


Verb فعل Noun اسم Adjective صفة Adverb ظرف
diabetes مرض السكر diabetic مريض بالسكر
achieve ينجز / يحقق achievement انجاز achievable يمكن تحقيقه
gradual تدريجى gradually بالتدريج
specialise يتخصص specialist أخصائى
specialization تخصص specialized متخصص
theorize يضع نظرية theory نظرية theoretical نظرى theoretically نظريا
regret يندم / يتأسف regret الندم / الأسف regrettable يؤسف له
cancer سرطان cancerous سرطانى
invisibility عدم الرؤية invisible غير مرئى
release يطلق release انطلاق released مطلق
prove يثبت / يبرهن proof برهان / دليل proven مُبرهن


Definitionsتعريفات

Achieve ينجز to succeed in doing something good or getting the result you want
Cancer السرطان a serious disease in which cells in someone's body grow in a way that is not normal
Cure (n) علاج medicine or treatment that can make an injury or illness better
Diabetes مرض السكر a disease in which there is too much sugar in your blood
Gradually بالتدريج something that happens slowly, over a long time
Result نتيجة something that happens or exists because of something else
Specialise يتخصص to limit most of your study, business, etc., to a particular subject or activity
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Theory نظرية an explanation for something that has not yet been proved to be true
Amount كمية how much of something there is
Invisible غير مرئى impossible to see
Release (v) يطلق let go; stop holding something
Gain (v) يزداد to increase in something
Process (n) عملية a series of events or changes that happen naturally
Regularly بانتظام often, at regular times, for example, every day, week or month

Confusable Words

waste يبدد( المال) / يضيع (الوقت) lose يخسر
Ex: The team played well, but lost the game.
He lost a lot of money at races.
She lost her mother (= Her mother died) last year.
I wasted my money on this radio. It broke down after one day!

operation عملية جراحية / عملية تشغيل process عملية (سلسلة تغييرات أو أحداث)
Ex: Following the earthquake, a large-scale rescue operation was launched.
He's got to have an operation on his shoulder.
New techniques are used to improve the learning process.

cure يشفى
(يأتى بعده اسم المرض أو الشخص المريض) heal (burns / wounds / cuts / injuries / broken organs)
يلتئم (تستخدم مع الحروق و الجروح و الإصابات و الأعضاء المكسورة)
treat: try to cure by medical care يعالج
Ex: This medicine will cure your cough.
He managed to cure my aunt who had been ill all her life.
This ointment مرهم will heal cuts and wounds.
His broken leg took six weeks to heal.
The doctor treated him with aspirin.

regrettable (شيء ) يؤسف له regretful شاعر بالندم
Ex: His behaviour at the party was very regrettable.
He was regretful when he had to leave his old house.

seriesسلسلة (أحداث / كتب / أفلام/ اجتماعات) serious جاد / خطير
Ex: They will hold a series of meetings over the next few weeks.
The government is trying to solve the serious problem of unemployment.

expect يتوقع except ماعدا
Ex: We expect him to win the race.
We expect that he will pass the exam easily.
We expected that he would pass the exam easily.
All students passed the exam except Ali.
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Language Notes

see / hear / listen to / watch / notice
 يأتى بعد الأفعال السا بقة مفعول ثم فعل ينهى بـ ing للتعبير عن جزء من الحدث أو يأتى بعدها مفعول ثم مصدر للتعبير عن الحدث ككل.
- I saw him playing football.
= I saw part of the game.
- I saw him play football.
= I saw the whole game.

After + v. + ing / noun أو اسم) ing بعد (يليها فعل ينتهى بـ
Ex: After doing his homework, he slept.
After dinner, he went out.

 Choose the correct answer:
1- A virus is (invisible-obscure-regular-gradual) to the eye and can only be seen with a powerful microscope.
2- There is a (cancer-theoretical-constant-cancerous) tumor on her lung that needs to be removed immediately.
3- Chemistry is very difficult for me, but I am (regularly-specially-gradually-invisibly) understanding it better.
4- It is a complex (process-cure-amount-theory) to generate electricity from nuclear energy.
5- Dr Eman (releases-considers-specialises-results) in children’s medicine.
6- You need a certain (theory-process-invisible-amount) of sunshine to get enough vitamin D.
7- Watch this film to understand the (release-achievement-process-gain) of photosynthesis, how a plant makes food.
8- The (Incredible-Diabetic-Invisible-Invincible) Man is a famous novel and film about a man who could not be seen by anyone.
9- If you have (cancer-diabetes-result-experiments) you must not eat too much sugar.
10- The (result-production-theory-release) of the experiment surprised everyone.
11- You will never (reach-realize-achieve-beat) very much if you do not work hard.
12- At school, students learn many subjects, but when they get to university, they usually (generalize-realize-specialize-emphasize).
13- Scientists often do experiments to prove a particular (theory-achievement-process-sight).
14- I found playing the guitar very difficult at first, but in the last two weeks I've (regularly-gradual-gradually-graduation) improved.
15- People who have (cheese-diabetes-result-experiments) must be very careful about what they eat.
16- She has been (diabetic-analytic-athletic-dynamic) since she was a child. There is too much sugar in her blood.
17- His greatest (achieve-achievement-achieves-achieving) was becoming the captain of the national team when he was 16.
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18- There was a (invisible-obscure-regular-gradual)improvement in her schoolwork.
19- My doctor didn't know what was wrong with me, so he sent me to see a (geologist-specialist-physicist-zoologist).
20- (Artistically-Atomically-Theoretically-Historically), anyone can travel to the moon.
21- Leaves falling from trees in the autumn is a completely natural (process-cure-amount-theory).
22- The little boy who was hiding behind the door thought he was ((invisible-obscure-regular-gradual), but you could just see the top of his head.
23- There are some sports where it is good to (earn-fight-put-gain) weight, rather than lose it.
24- Farmers water their crops (regularly-slowly-previously-obviously) to make sure they grow well.
25- The (theory-cancer-specialty-diabetes) is believable, but can it be proven?
26- If you don't turn the taps off, you can waste a huge (theory-process-invisible-amount) of water in a short time.
27- A/An (theory-practice-experience-experiment) is an explanation for something that has not yet been proved to be true.
28- Scientists test their (theories-processes-operations-deals) by doing experiments.
29- A/An (operation-experiment-process-illness) is a series of events or changes that happen naturally.
30- When the earth moves, it causes earthquakes. This is a completely natural (amount-process-operation-dealing).
31- A huge (amount-number-figure-digit) of water came down the river and flooded the city.
32- (Fever-Paralysis-Flu-Cancer) is a serious disease in which cells in someone's body grow in a way that is not normal.
33- We visit our grandparents (regularly-specially-gradually-invisibly). We see them every Monday.
34- She gave a (supplies-series-process-service) of lectures at Cairo University.
35- They suspected that she had killed him but they could never actually (improve-deprive-prune-prove) that it was her.
36- I read the papers to keep (up-up with-off-away) what's happening in the outside world.
37- We must find ways to (overcome-overheat-increase-overweight) global warming.
38- George Mendal discovered how (genetics-genetically-genes-genetic) information is passed down through generations.
39- If you are interested in the environment, you could study (earth-environmentally-environmental-environmentalist- science).
40- Plants change the sun’s energy into (chemical-chemist-chemistry-solar) energy.
41- Before the exam, you should (make-do-work-stay) more revision.
42- She is worried (of-with-from-about) her future as she hasn’t done well in her science test.
43- I (accept-except-expect-approve) you’ll do better in next year’s exam.
44- Everyone has seen plants (grow-growing-grows-grew).
45- It is important to (research-search-look-examine) the causes of serious illnesses.

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46- One day scientists will find a (heal-care-cure-deal) for all serious illnesses.
47- I’m eating less than usual because I don’t want to (gain-win-achieve-lose) too much weight.
48- I usually (eat-food-feed-fade) the neighbour's cat while she's away.
49- A (zoologist-chemist-biologist-biochemist) is a person who studies animals.
50- Plants and trees (gain-win-earn-make) their own food.

 Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Her carelessness resultant in a terrible fire that destroyed the house.
2- The old man’s gradually decline saddened his family.
3- The company is looking for a chemical engineer with a specialise in plastics.
4- The theory scientist thought the process would work.
5- Yasser bought small amount of each spice.
6- Invisible is something that scientists dream of but haven’t achieved.
7- Biologists will raise the young bears until they can realise them in the wild.
8- The examination showed that cancer cells had grown around the liver.
9- The resulting of the oil spill was heavy pollution in the sea.
10- We have several theoretical about how this disease spreads, but we need to do more studies.
11- Her achieves have gone beyond our expectations.
12- Do you come here regularity? –No, I've only been here once before.
13- The scientist decided to test the theory with experiences.
14- He planted a small tree in a put.
15- Rania has earned a lot of weight recently.
16- There’s a huge number of information on the internet.
17- What do you hope to gain by going abroad?
18- You can’t see the germs that spread the disease. They’re visible.
19- Dermatitis is a disease in which there’s too much sugar in the blood.
20- Theoretical, anyone can travel to the Moon?

Language Functions

1) Wishes الأمنيات

1- I wish + I could + مصدر :
I wish I could help you with your homework.
I wish I could ride a horse.
2- I wish + فاعل + ماضى بسيط :
I wish it were fine today.
I wish I had a car.
3- I'd love to + مصدر :
I'd like to be rich.
4- فاعل + dream of + v. + ing:
I dream of getting married and having children.
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5- My goal is to + مصدر :
My goal is to get a PhD in engineering.

2) Regrets

1- I wish + ماضى تام : للتعبير عن الماضى
I wish I had joined the Faculty of Science, but I didn't.
2- If only / I wish + I could + مصدر : للتعبير عن المستقبل
If only I could speak Chinese, but I can't.
3- I would really like to + مصدر :
I would really like to be able to swim, but he can't.
4- I'm sorry I+ ماضى بسيط :
I'm sorry I had a quarrel with my brother.
5- I'm disappointed that………………….:
I'm disappointed that I didn't get the job.
6- I regret + v. + ing:
I regret ignoring my father's advice.

 Translate into Arabic:
1- President Mubarak always states that industry, agriculture and tourism are the main sources of our national income. Great projects are carried out to develop these sources. In the field of industry, Egyptian products are a source of pride not only for Egyptian but for all Arabs.
2- The establishment of public libraries and school libraries contributed to improving the learning process as a whole and helped many citizens to read freely. Public libraries play an important role in spreading culture and awareness among people of all ages.
3- Health is a splendid treasure that completes our happiness. It’s worth saying that we can’t really enjoy our life if we are unhealthy, however wealthy we may be. Healthy people are always proud of what they can achieve in the fields of sports and hard work. For unhealthy people, life is no more than pain and suffering.

 Translate into English:
1- لقد أدى العلم خدمات جليلة للإنسانية. لقد تمكن الإنسان من الوصول إلى القمر بعد غزوه للفضاء.
2- إن الجهود التي تبذل من أجل تحسين الصحة لا يمكن أن تتم بنجاح إلا بتعاون الأفراد مع الحكومة.
3- يجب أن يشجع الآباء و المعلمون الأطفال الصغار على الذهاب إلى المكتبات لاستعارة الكتب التى يحبونها.

 Respond to the following situations:
1- You spent a lot of money on clothes. You regret. What do you say?
2- You would like to give up smoking, but you can’t. Express your wish.
3- You didn’t study hard. You regert.
4- You don’t speak Spanish. Express your wish.



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Language Focus

Wish / If only

Wish / If only + past simple للتعبير عن ألامنيات و الندم فى الحاضر أو موقف غير حقيقى فى المضارع
 He wishes he was / were taller. (He is short.)
 I wish I knew where my keys were. (I do not know where my keys are.)
 I wish I could swim under water. (I cannot swim underwater.)
 My dad wishes he owned a car. (My dad doesn’t own a car.)
 I wish the weather weren’t bad today. (The weather is bad today.)

Wish / If only + past perfect للتعبير عن ألامنيات و الندم أو موقف فى الماضى
 I wish I had read the exam question more carefully.
(I did not read the exam question carefully.)
 I wish you hadn’t wasted so much time.
(You wasted a lot of time.)
 I wish I hadn't ignored my father's advice. (I ignored my father’s advice.)
 I wish I had joined the Faculty of Law. (I didn’t join the Faculty of Law.)

I wish / If only + past simple would + inf.

I wish / If only + past perfect would + have + pp.

 If only it were fine, we would go out for a walk.
 If only she hadn't told the police, everything would have been all right.
 I wish he hadn't wasted all his money. He would have bought a new house.

 Choose the correct answer:
1- Sami didn’t work hard in school and now he (wishes-wished-wishing-wish) he had studied more.
2- Jenna wishes she (must-could-might-can) play the guitar like him.
3- Amina wishes she had (choose-chose-chosen-chooses) another course.
4- Ramy wishes he (knowing-known-knows-knew) where he put the fifty pounds he misplaced.
5- If the children (were playing-had played-played-play) all day, they would have been asleep by now.
6- If Bassem (ran-run-had run-runs) the office, it would be a disaster.
7- Selma wants to come but she is ill and has to stay at home. She wishes she (could have-could be-could been-could have been) with us.
8- Selma regrets that she was ill yesterday and had to stay at home. She wishes she (could have-could be-could been-could have been) with us.
9- I wish the government (will do-can do-has done-would do) something about the heavy traffic in our cities.
10- I wish I (would-could-will-can) go to Europe with my family.
11- I wish it (is-had been-has been-were) fine today.
12- If only I (was-were-had been-have been) to Sharm El-Sheikh last summer.
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13- He wishes he (could visit-will visit-can visit-had visited) me tomorrow.
14- I don't have a mobile phone. I wish I (have-am having-had-had had) one.
15- He wished he (had studied-was studying-has been studying-studied) medicine at university 5 years ago.
16- She wishes she (listens-is listening-would listen-had listened) to the teacher's advice last year.
17- If only I (hadn't forgotten-didn't forget-wouldn't forget-hasn't forgotten) where I put my mobile phone yesterday.
18- I'm really tired this morning. I wish I (slept-was sleeping-had slept-could sleep) more last night.
19- Ali wishes he (might-ought to-has to-could) come to the party, but he is not feeling well.
20- I wish I (don't fall-couldn't fall-hadn't fallen-fell) off my bike. I broke my leg.
21- If only I (do-did-had done-have done) more revision this year. I got very bad marks in the exam.
22- I just wish I (worked-had worked-work-had been working) harder last year. I would have earned more money.
23- They wish they (hadn't spent-didn't spend-haven't spent-weren't spent) all their money in the holidays last year.
24- I wish I (know-have known-were knowing-knew) where my friends were.
25- I wish I (didn't say-wouldn't say-couldn't say-hadn't said) those things yesterday. My friend was really upset.

 Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Nevine wish she could finance her daughter’s new business.
2- Leila wishes she had went with us to the lecture.
3- We wish we haven’t missed the eight o’clock train.
4- I wish I can paint better.
5- Ali wishes he may see his friends at the party tomorrow.
6- If only I stay in my last job. My current job is so boring.
7- I wish I went to the movie with you last night.
8- I wish I had yesterday off. I'd have gone swimming.
9- I wish I am in Alexandria now.
10- I wish I have time to watch TV, but I am so busy.
11- If only I apply for that job a year ago.
12- I wish I am old enough to vote. I am still 15.
13- If only I can go with you tonight, but my parents won't let me.
14- I wish I don't listen to him. He only wasted my time.
15- I wish I may travel to London next year.
16- If only I haven’t spent a lot of money and now I’m sorry.
17- Dalia wishes she can come to the party.
18- I wish the weather is fine today.


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Test 10 (Unit 10 + Chapter 6

A- Language Functions

1- Respond to the following situations:
1- A friend is looking worried. You want to know why. What do you ask?
2- Someone asks if you had a good holiday. You enjoyed your holiday, but the weather was not very good. This was a disappointment.
3- A friend asks what subject you would like to be better at.
4- Someone asks you about a school trip you went on. You learnt a lot, but you did not take as many photos as you had planned to.

2- Mention the place, the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues:
1- A: A taxi hit my car and broke its door. Place:
B: Have you got the number of the car? Speaker A:
A: Cairo taxi No 6573087 Speaker B:
B: OK. We'll find the taxi driver. Function:

2- A: What can I get for you? Place:
B: Fried meat. Speaker A:
A: Anything else? Speaker B:
B: Mango juice. Function:


B- Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer:
1- My brother …………… his ambition when he became a doctor.
a) achieved b) won c) got d) won
2- After the storm, there was a huge ………….. of water on the roads.
a) floods b) number c) amount d) lot
3- Her parents …………… have meetings with the teachers at her school.
a) totally b) gradually c) slowly d) regularly
4- I’d like to …………… in studying the causes of cancer.
a) release b) consider c) specialise d) result
5- The aircraft is designed to be ……………… to radar.
a) invisible b) gradual c) obscure d) regular
6- His broken leg is the direct ………………… of his own carelessness.
a) production b) theory c) release d) result
7- The police are using new technology to …………… crime.
a) combat b) compete c) complete d) combine
8- It’s hard to keep …………… all the changes in computer technology.
a) up b) out c) up with d) away
9- My friend advised me to see a doctor. I wish I …………… her advice now.
a) took b) had taken c) take d) have taken

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10- I wish I …………… where I left my jacket.
a) know b) had known c) knew d) could know
11- Heba wishes she ………… all her money at the weekend.
a) didn’t spend b) doesn’t spend c) hasn’t spent d) hadn’t spent
12- He regrets …………… to smoke.
a) starting b) to start c) to starting d) to having started
13- If only it were fine, we …………… out for a walk.
a) will go b) would go c) will have gone d) may go
14- I wish he …………… a doctor. He would help me.
a) is b) had been c) were d) has been
15- I I wish you ……………….. so much time last year.
a) didn't waste b) haven't wasted c) wouldn't waste d) hadn't wasted
16- I wish I ……………….. play the piano.
a) could b) may c) should d) can

4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Soha shouldn’t eat too many sweets because she is chronic.
2- Sylvia is on a low-fat diet because recently she’s lost a lot of weight.
3- Scientists test their theories by doing experiences.
4- I wish I can read more quickly.
5- I wish he hasn’t made that terrible accident.
6- If only he had studied harder, he will have got better marks.

C- Reading

5- Read the passage then answer the questions:
There are more ants than any other kind of land animal in the world. One million ants can live in a few trees, and there may be a quarter of a million in one colony. The total weight of all the ants in the world is far greater than that of all the human beings. Human beings are extremely interested in the study of ants. The more we study them, the more they seem to be like ourselves. Ants live in societies in which they depend on one another. The societies are not all exactly the same. There are differences because there are ants of many kinds. But in general, each kind has ants of three main types: queens, males, and workers. The queen has wings for a time and one day she flies away with a winged male. The male dies soon afterwards, but the queen without wings, finds a good place for her new nest and begins to lay eggs there. Worker ants will feed her and protect the eggs, and they will build as big and as safe a home as they can. The ants have many enemies. They include birds, bears, and ant-eaters of various kinds. In some cases, other ants are their worst enemies, just as man's worst enemy is man. In some parts of the world the red ants march in large armies to attack the homes of black ants.

A) Give short answers to the following questions:
1- Prove that ants are social insects.
2- In what way are ants similar to human beings?
3- What are the ants' worst enemies?
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B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
4- The male ant dies soon after......................
a) a fight with other ants b) hard work
c) it flies with the queen ant d) it fights red ants
5- The worker ants are busy ...................
a) feeding and protecting the queen b) building homes and protecting eggs
c) climbing the trees d) eating our food

6- Read the passage then answer the questions:
Obesity is the abnormal buildup of body fat — 20% or more over a person's ideal weight. Obesity is a serious health problem in many countries today. The medical specialisation that studies and treats obesity is bariatrics. People who are obese have a higher risk of heart disease and other diseases such as diabetes and some kinds of cancer.
Scientists know that people gain weight if they eat more calories than they burn. But they do not understand exactly why some people become overweight and others do not. There are several theories.
If you need to lose weight, you should check with your doctor for a healthy diet and exercise programme. The process of losing weight is not easy. You should aim to lose weight gradually, about 2 kilos per month. You should eat smaller amounts of fatty foods and exercise regularly. With effort you will achieve your goal.

A) Give short answers to the following questions:
1- Mention some diseases resulting from obesity.
2- How do people gain weight?
3- What should you do if you need to lose weight?

B) Choose the correct answer from a,b,c or d:
4- It is …………… to lose weight.
a) difficult b) easy c) simple d) impossible
5- The underlined word ‘they’ refer to …………………. .
a) bariatrics b) people c) diseases d) scientists

The Mask of Gold
7- A) Answer the following questions:
1- How did Leila discover the gold llama?
2- What did Dr Hafez and his group find near the centre of the cave?

B) Read the following quotation and answer the questions:
''What a coincidence. The world is a small place."
1- Who said this? To whom?
2- Why did the speaker say these words?

C) Complete the sentences:
1- Dr Hafez placed the machine on the piece of cloth so that …………………………….
2- The gold llama looked like ………………………………………………………………..

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D- Writing
8- Write a letter to your friend Samer telling him about the job you'd like to do in the future. Your name is Peter

9- A)Translate into Arabic:
Egypt has achieved great progress in the field of communications. Modern mobile telephone networks have covered all cities, villages, and even remote areas. Computers and the internet have enabled us to get in touch with other people all over the world.

B) Translate into English:
1- لا يمكن لأى شخص أن يتحدى حقيقة أننا ما زلنا نعتمد كثيرا على النباتات فى علاج أمراضنا.
2- وضعت وزارة البيئه خطه طويلة الاجل للقضاء علي التلوث ومسبباته.