Unit 9: The Olympics

Unit 9: The Olympics

Key Vocabulary

bronze medal ميدالية برونزية career مهنة
exercise تمرين رياضى / يتمرن professional محترف
judo الجودو amateur هاوى
take part in يشارك فى take place يحدث
regularly بانتظام festival مهرجان
proud فخور destroy يدمر
benefit يستفيد / يفيد / فائدة highlight ذروة / حدث بارز
boxing الملاكمة religion الدين / العقيدة

Vocabulary
the Olympics الالعاب الاوليمبية running race سباق العدو
the Olympic Games الالعاب الاوليمبية BC قبل الميلاد
religious festival مهرجان دينى archaeologist عالم آثار
train يتمرن heavenly religions الاديان السماوية
international مسابقة / لاعب دولي discovery اكتشاف
unfortunately لسوء الحظ stadium استاد
achieve ينجز / يحقق peaceful امن
achievement انجاز fair عادل
competition منافسة / مسابقة fairly بعدل
competitor متنافس individual فردى / الفرد
physical بدنى leather gloves قفاز من الجلد
opponent خصم celebrate يحتفل بـ
award حائزة earthquake زلزال
challenge يتحدى / تحدى shake يهز / يرج
sportsman لاعب رياضى foundation أساس
sportswoman لاعبة رياضية weaken يضعف
athlete رياضى sports facilities تسهيلات رياضيى
form شكل sports clothes ملابس رياضية
contact يتصل بـ attend يحضر
drop يسقط accommodation الاقامة
sports events أحداث رياضية winner فائز
sports festival مهرجان رياضى professional coach مدرب محترف
athletics رياضة / ألعاب القوى fair play اللعب النظيف
individual sports ألعاب فردية understanding تفاهم
team sports ألعاب جماعية prestige كرامة / شهرة / مكانة
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pride فخر / اعتزاز chessboard لوحة الشطرنج
techniques أساليب water skiing التزلج على الماء
TV coverage تغطية تليفزيونية ski يتزلج
hero بطل skim ينزلق
heroine بطلة netball لعبة كرة الشبكة
collaborate يتعاون court ملعب (تنس أو سلة)
self-motivation حافز أو دافع ذاتى honesty أمانة
focus بؤرة / يركز / مركز اهتمام honest أمين
self-discipline ضبط النفس progress يتقدم
relevant ملائم / متعلق بالموضوع gymnastic رياضى / متعلق بالجمباز
characteristics خواص / صفات anchor يثبت
cultures ثقافات seriously بجدية
appreciate يقدر The state الدولة
excel يتفوق talent موهبة
equal متساوى / متكافئ sponsor (v) يرعى (لاعب رياضى)
opportunity / chance فرصة darts رمر الرمح
fitness اللياقة origin أصل

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions

turn off يغلق (جهاز) prepare for يستعد من أجل
turn on يشغل (جهاز) break a record يحطم رقم قياسى
set a target يحدد هدف beat a record يحطم رقم قياسى
make sacrifices يقدم تضحيات have contact with لديه اتصال بـ
make history يصنع التاريخ be willing to يكون راغبا فى
come third يحصل على المركز الثالث be exposed to يكون معرضا لـ
try a new sport يجرب رياضة جديدة win a medal for يفوز بميدالية فى
provide ….. with يزود .... بـ tend to يميل الى
provide ….. for يوفر .... لـ every four years كل 4 سنوات
throw onto the ground يطرح على الارض play for a team يلعب لفريق
benefit from يستفيد من bring attention to يجذب الاهتمام لـ

Synonyms مترادفات

Word الكلمة Synonym المرادف Word الكلمة Synonym المرادف
athlete
شخص رياضى sportsman
sportswoman train يتمرن exercise
work out
practise
career مهنة job / work destroy يدمر damage / ruin
fitness لياقة بدنية health / strength
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Antonyms عكس الكلمات

Word الكلمة Antonym العكس
include يتضمن exclude يستثنى
religious دينى irreligious لا دينى
later فيما بعد earlier مبكرا
destroy يدمر construct يشيد
professional محترف amateur هاوى
individual فردى team جماعى
strong قوى weak ضعيف

Derivatives المشتقات

Verb Noun Adjective
benefit يستفيد benefit فائدة beneficial مفيد
professional محترف
professionalism احترافية
profession مهنة professional محترف
destroy يدمر destruction دمار destructive مدمر
athletics ألعاب رياضية
athlete شخص رياضى athletic رياضى
honesty أمانة honest امين
compete يتنافس competition منافسة
competitor متنافس competitive تنافسى

Take as a phrasal Verb

take care of يعتنى بـ take part in يشارك فى
take turns يأخذ دوره take off تقلع (الطائرة)
take place يحدث take after يشبه


Confusable Words


 win / beat / gain / earn:
 win: (a medal ميدالية / a cup كأس / a race سباق / a competition مسابقة /
a match / a game an award / a prize) يفوز بـ / يكسب
 beat: (someone شخص / a team فريق) يهزم
 gain:(experience خبرة/information معلومات / Knowledge معرفة) يكتسب
(weight وزن / height طول/ speed سرعة) يزداد
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 earn: يكسب المال / عيشه (من العمل الجاد)
- He works as a taxi driver to earn his living.

 job / work / profession / career:
 job: وظيفة (اسم يعد و تشير إلي عمل منتظم يقوم به الشخص لكسب المال)
- When she left college, she got a job as a secretary.
- She has applied for a job with an insurance company.
 work: العمل (بصفة عامة و لاتجمع)
- Peter's work involves a lot of travelling.
 profession: مهنة أو عمل يتطلب كثير من التدريب كالطب و المحاماة و التدريس
- He left the teaching profession to set up his own business.
 career: العمل الذى يمارسه الشخص طوال حياته الوظيفية و يحصل فيه على ترقيات
- He has a good career in journalism. الصحافة

 discover / invent:
 discover: يكتشف (شئ كان موجودا من قبل و لكنه كان مجهولا)
- Ibn Nafis was the first person to discover the circulation of the blood.
 invent: يخترع(شئ لم يكن له وجود من قبل)
- Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in 1866.

Language Notes


 play: (tennis / basketball / football / hockey / table tennis / soccerكرة قدم )
يستخدم الفعل play مع الألعاب التى تستخدم فيها كرة
 go: (swimming / water-skiing / riding / running / climbing تسلق الجبال)
يستخدم الفعل go / have gone (been) مع الألعاب التى تنتهى بـ ing
 do: (karate / gymnastics / athletics / sport)
يستخدم الفعل do مع الألعاب الأخرى كما يستخدم مع الألعاب التى تنتهى بـ ing و التى تكون مسبوقة بـ some / a lot of
do some scuba diving do some water-skiing
يمكن أن نستخدم الفعل do بمعنى يجرب و يأتى غالبا فى الجمل المنفية
- Sailing is fun, but I have never done it before.
تستخدم do / play مع sport / sports
- do / play (a sport / sports)
 see / hear / listen to / watch / notice:
 يأتى بعد الأفعال السابقة مفعول ثم فعل ينهى بـ ing للتعبير عن جزء من الحدث أو يأتى بعدها مفعول ثم مصدر للتعبير عن الحدث ككل.
- I saw him playing football. = I saw part of the game.
- I saw him play football. = I saw the whole game.
لاحظ أن كلمة each يأتي بعدها مفرد أما every فيأتي بعدها مفرد أو عدد 2/ 3 / 4 :
- every student / every 4 years - each one / each book
 Together with: includingوهذا يشمل
- Longer races were added to the Olympics, together with boxing.

(4)
 Choose the correct answer:
1- At the 2008 Olympic Games, Hesham Mesbah (beat-gained-earned-won) the bronze medal for judo.
2- Swimming and cycling are very good forms of (exercise-practice-food-work).
3- The swimmer hoped he would win the race, but he came third and won the (gold-silver-bronze-steel) medal.
4- (Judo-Cycling-Running-Boxing) is a Japanese sport which is a kind of fighting.
5- A (gold – bronze – silver – iron) medal is a medal for being third in an Olympic race.
6- (Judo-Cycling-Running-Swimming) is a sport in which two people try to throw each other onto the ground.
7- Countries can help their athletes to prepare (to-with-from-for) the Olympic Games.
8- The Olympic Games take (turns-place-part-care) every four years.
9- Sportsmen and sportswomen regard taking part in the Olympic games as the (highway-high jump-highlight-high land) of their careers.
10- Archaeologists (discovered-invented-explored-explained) the ancient Olympic stadium.
11- The first modern Olympics took (part-turns-care-place) in Greece in 1896.
12- I play tennis (regularly-always-rarely-seldom) – at least twice a week.
13- The Olympics were only for (professionals-players-amateurs-sponsors), no one was paid to take part.
14- In the 1985 Olympics, Zola Budd (smashed-destroyed-took-broke) the world record for the women's 5000 metres.
15- (Boxing-Swimming-Hockey-Chess) is a sport in which two men wearing gloves hit each other.
16- In 2008, the Olympic Games took (part-place-turns-care) in Beijing.
17- Last night our plane took (off-after-care-in) two hours late because of bad weather.
18- On school trips, the older children take (turns-care-after-off) of the younger ones.
19- In our English class, the students usually take (place-part-care-turns) to answer the teacher's questions.
20- I couldn't take (part-role-place-care) in the race because I had broken my leg.
21- In 1998, France (beat-won-earned-gained) the football World Cup.
22- I (play-do-make-go) karate on Tuesday nights.
23- I (make-play-do-go) swimming every week.
24- Swimming and boxing are (team-individual-pair-couple) sports.
25- He (plays-makes-does-goes) tennis very well.
26- Diving is (a pair-a couple-an individual-a team) sport.
27- Football and hockey are (single-team-individual-personal) sports.
28- (An amateur-A professional-An educator-A competitor) is a sports person who does not get paid.
29- Tom bought a new pair of trousers to (do-play-go-make) running.
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30- Taking drugs is harmful (to-for-with-at) health.
31- (An amateur-An educator-A professional-A competitor) is a sports person who gets paid.
32- Eighty thousand people crowded into the (court-pitch-stadium-athlete) to watch the football match.
33- He (played-went-did-made) some water skiing yesterday.
34- The summer Olympic Games take place (each-every-with-all) four years.
35- Drugs were found in the athlete’s body after he had (fairly-unfairly-fair-unfair) won the race.
36- The Olympic Games are a (sports-sport-sport's-sports') festival which is held every four years.
37- International sports can (afford-admire-benefit-distribute) individuals and their countries.
38- For all sports, you need to (train-practise-study-run) very hard for any competition.
39- Some sports are very popular, such as athletics and football, which many people watch in huge (grounds-stadiums-places-fields).
40- It is every sportsperson’s dream to reach Olympic level in their (work-job-profession-career).
41- For some lucky and talented athletes, they might expect to break a world (window-record-book-glass).
42- To stay fit and healthy, you should (race-exercise-work-keep fit) at least three times a week.
43- Omar’s mother did not allow him to take (judo-running-fighting-boxing) lessons because she believed that this was a very dangerous and violent sport.
44- I love acting, and this year I have been chosen to (take place-take part-play-run) in our school play.
45- It is every athlete’s dream to win a gold (medal-trophy-prize-first place) at the Olympic Games.

 Find the mistake in each sentence and write it correctly:

1- Most people feel proud when athletics from their country do well in the Olympics.
2- My plane takes place at 10.30 tomorrow.
3- The sportspeople who take part in the Olympics Games can be either paid professionals or amateurs.
4- The high jump of my year was when I won the 100-metre running race!
5- The world cup takes part every four years.
6- The Olympic Games were a part of a religious feast at the stadium of Olympia in western Greece.
7- Amateur sports are played by people who are paid.
8- A silver medal is a medal for being first in an Olympic race.
9- Although he had an injury, he took place in the competition.
10- Sailing is fun, but I have never made it before.

(6)
Grammar


The present perfect simple
المضارع التام البسيط

 يتكون المضارع التام البسيط من has / have + pp ويستخدم مع
since / for / yet / already / just / ever / never / so far / recently / lately
- He has just done his homework.
- I haven't seen him yet.
- have you ever been to London?
 يستخدم للتعبير عن:
1- حدث بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمرا:
- She has worked very hard this week.
- She has lived here for 10 years.
2- حدث تم مؤخرا أو منذ فترة قريبة :
- We have just passed the exam.
- She has already done the homework.
3 - للتعبير عن خبرة شخص في شيء معين :
- He has always enjoyed fishing.
4- للتعبير عن حدث تم في الماضي وله صلة بالحاضر :
- Charles has written a number of short stories.
هذه الجملة السابقة تعنى أن هذا الشخص ما زال حيا ويمكن أن يكتب المزيد من القصص
•ويستخدم المضارع التام اذا بدأت الجملة بعبارات معينة مثل:
This / It / That is the first / second / third / only / best / worst, etc.
- This is the first time I have seen this man.
- This is the fifth time you have asked me this question.
- It is the worst film I've (ever) seen.
•لاحظ الفرق بين ما يلي:
- Have / has gone to ذهب إلي مكان ولم يعد منه بعد
- Have / has been to ذهب إلي مكان وعاد منه
- She has been to Myanmar. She came back two days ago.
- He has gone to Turkey. He will be back in a few days.
• عندما نسأل شخص عن المكان الذي كان موجودا فيه وعاد منه نقول:
- Where have you been?
- I have been to London.

The present perfect continuous
المضارع التام المستمر

 يتكون المضارع التام المستمر من has / have + bee + v+ ing و يستخدم عادة مع:
since / ever since / for / all day
- They have been working all day.
- He has been trying to phone you since yesterday afternoon.
- It has been raining for three hours now.
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 يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر للتعبير عن:
1- حدث مستمر حتي الوقت الحاضر :
- I've been studying all day.
2- حدث تم بانتظام بدأ في الماضي واستمر حتي الآن :
- I've been running a lot recently.
- I've been learning Greek for the last few months.
- It has been raining heavily for the past three days.
3- تفسير لموقف في الحاضر :
- I've been running – that's why I'm so tired.
- I'm sorry about this mess. I've been painting my room.
 وغالبا ما تكون في الجملة كلمات تدل علي الاستمرار مثل still / yet / now / all day:
- He has been working there ever since he passed his exams.
- He has been working there for a long time / for 3 years.
- It has been raining for three days now.
 أحيانا يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر مع How long :
- How long have you been smoking?
 ولكن لاحظ استخدام How long ago بمعني Whenفي الماضي البسيط:
- How long ago did you do the job? = When did you do the job?
يستخدم هذا الزمن غالبا مع الأفعال التي تستغرق وقتا طويلا إلي حد ما مثل :
teach / learn / rain / cook / sleep / play / run / study / write / read / stay
- It has been raining for the past three hours.
إذا ذكر عدد مرات حدوث الفعل يستخدم المضارع التام present perfect :
- He has written three letters.
 لاحظ أن هناك أفعال لا تستخدم في الأزمنة المستمرة حتى مع وجود كلمات تدل علي الاستمرار في الجملة مثل: know / own l be / love / hate / like
- I have known him for ten years now.
- I have owned this washing machine for 5 years now.
- He has been in the army for 5 years now.

 Choose the correct answer:
1- Rania (has been working-worked-had worked-is working) as a doctor for the last ten years.
2- Fareed (has been working-works-had worked-has worked) all night and he is very tired.
3- Dawud has been learning English (for-ago-when-since) he was 7 years old.
4- Ali has been travelling (for-ago-when-since) the last five days.
5- I have been doing my homework (for-ago-when-since) three hours.
6- What (have you doing-have you been doing-are you been doing-did you do)? You look so tired!
7- I (have been working-had worked-worked-were you working) on this English exercise for the last hour!
8- They have been doing the homework (for-ago-from-since) 6 o’clock.
9- She has been cleaning the house (for-ago-from-since) two hours now.
10- We (lived-have lived-have been living-were living) here for 6 years now and we don’t intend to move.
(8)
11- She (revised-has been revising-had revised-revises) for the test for three hours now.
12- He has been learning French (for-since-while-when) the age of six.
13- She (passes-is passing-has just been passing-has just passed) the driving test.
14- (Do-Did-Have-Had) you watched that film yet?
15- Where's Hala? I can't see her. – She (goes-has gone-has been-had been) to the shops.

 Find the mistake in each sentence and write it correctly:
1- I've been drinking three cups of tea this morning.
2- They've playing squash all morning – that's why they look so tired.
3- I'm been studying English for nine years.
4- My father has been travelling abroad six times in the last two months.
5- My brother has just been passing his university exams – that's why he looks so happy.
6- I am so hungry. I didn't eat yet!
7- He lives in London for 20 years now and he doesn't intend to move.
8- I'm sorry my clothes are dirty. I clean my garage.
9- I phone my uncle since 8 o'clock this morning. I wonder what the matter is.
10- I didn't see my cousin since the last school holiday.
11- I haven’t met to him since he travels to Cairo.
12- It’s the first time he is flying in a helicopter.


Language Functions


 Making Suggestion: عمل اقتراح
- If you ask me, he should + مصدر+ ….. لو أردت رأيى فعليه أن
- What about + v. + ing. ………..? ما رأيك فى
- I think it'd be a good idea to …….. أرى أنها فكرة جيدة أن

 Agreeing: الموافقة
- That's a good idea. يالها من فكرة جيدة
- I'll go along with that. اننى اوافق على ذلك
- I agree. اننى موافق
- That's what I think. هذا هو رأيى

 Disagreeing: عدم الموافقة
- I'm not sure about that. لست متأكدا من ذلك
- I don't agree. اننى لا اوافق
- No, I'd prefer to + مصدر + …. لا اننى أفضل
- I wouldn't choose …. لن أختار

(9)
Test 9 (Unit 9 + Chapter 4)

A) Language Functions

1- Respond to each of the following situations:
1- Someone suggests going to the shops this afternoon. You agree to go. What do you say?
2- A school friend suggests going to the beach tomorrow. You don't want to go to the beach, but would like to play chess. What do you say?
3- You would like to go on a family trip to Alexandria. Make this suggestion to your father.
4- You and your brother or sister are discussing what to buy your mother for her birthday. You think a necklace would be a good present. Suggest this idea to your brother or sister.

2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:
1- A: May I have your order, sir? Place:
B: Yes, I'll have fish, please. Speaker A:
A: How would you like it, sir? Speaker B:
B: Fried, please.
A: Certainly, sir. Any vegetables?

2- A: Helwan, please. Place:
B: Certainly, sir But it will take a long time Speaker A:
because the roads are crowded. Speaker B:
A: Yes, I understand.
B: (after an hour) Here we are, sir. That will be twenty pounds.
A: Thank you. Here you are.

B) Vocabulary & Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1- Squash is ………………… sport
a) a team b) a single c) an individual d) a personal
2- I'd love to take …………… in the Olympic Games but I'll never be good enough.
a) place b) care c) turn d) part
3- The ……………… of the year for my family was my sister's birthday.
a) highlight b) height c) benefit d) worst
4- John doesn't get paid for playing football. He's ………………… .
a) a professional b) a player c) an amateur d) a career
5- If you want to keep fit, go running. It's a very good form of ………………. .
a) exercise b) practice c) food d) work
6- …………………. is a sport for which you need to have a lot of equipment such as long ropes, and you should not be afraid of being in high places.
a) Rising b) Fighting c) Boxing d) Climbing
(10)
7- Some people say that …………….. is not a sport. But I believe it is, and that it is excellent exercise for the brain!
a) water-skiing b) chess c) netball d) athletics
8- Many cities have different ……………… for different times of the year, which the people celebrate with food, drink, entertainment and different traditions.
a) festivals b) festivities c) games d) sports
9- I …………………… my brother's car all morning – and he says it's still dirty.
a) have cleaned b) am cleaning c) have been cleaning d) clean
10- So far today, I ……… e-mails to six of my friends to tell them the good news.
a) have written b) am writing c) have been writing d) wrote
11- Samir ………………. hockey since he was eight years old and now he is in the under-15 national team.
a) played b) has played c) has been playing d) was playing
12- I ……………………… all my homework and now I am ready to go out!
a) have been finished b) finished c) have been finishing d) have finished
13- Sara ……………….. to call Rania all afternoon, but each time she calls the number is busy.
a) has been trying b) has tried c) tried d) is trying
14- What ………………… your mother for her birthday tomorrow?
a) have you been buying b) have you bought
c) you bought d) had you bought
15- I ………………….. the Olympic Games every four years for my whole life.
a) was watching b) have been watching c) have watched d) watched
16- I ………………….. the Olympic Games all evening and now I’m going to bed.
a) was watching b) have been watching c) have watched d) watched

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- People who come third in the race win a gold medal.
2- A professional is someone who does something because they enjoy it.
3- I couldn't take place in the race because of my broken leg.
4- How long are you been learning English?
5- I have gone to netball lessons for four months now and I am really enjoying them.
6- I think that since you started to play netball, you have improving a lot.

C) Reading Comprehension

5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Sport is an important part of today’s society and plays a large role in people’s lives. From a social standpoint, sport plays a positive role in uniting people from different social backgrounds in support of their favourite team. However, just as sport unites people so it can divide them, as is often demonstrated by crowd violence at football matches.
(11)
Sport is also an important part of every child’s schooling, as it plays a big role in their physical and mental development. “It” teaches children how to work as part of a team and cooperate with others, while at the same time improving their physical condition. The only drawback to this is that children who are less able to perform well in sports are likely to feel inadequate in comparison with their more gifted classmates, which may affect their self-confidence.
From an economic point of view, sport can be very profitable as it attracts a lot of advertising. On one hand, this creates profit for the sporting industry which allows for improvement and expansion, on the other hand, large sums of money are often paid to event organizers to promote products such as cigarettes, which are harmful to one’s health.

A) Give short answers to the following questions:
1- According to the passage, sport has two social effects on people, what are they?
2- How does sport play an important part in education?
3- What does the underlined word ‘it’ in the third paragraph refer to?

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
4- One drawback of sport at football matches is that……
a) it creates profit for the sporting industry
b) it often leads to violent actions
c) it improves the physical condition
d) it develops the mental condition
5- ……….shouldn’t be performed in sport events.
a) industrial products
b) sporting products
c) unhealthy products
d) healthy products

6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Waleed's class have been learning about the environment in their science lessons. They have been studying the effects of pollution from vehicles and they have been reading about how poisons from factories can pollute rivers and the sea. They all agree that everyone should do more to help the environment. Their teacher, Mr Helmi, asked them to think of the things that they could do. The students made lots of suggestions
Radwan said that people should walk more and use their cars less. This would keep the cities cleaner and people would be healthier. Khaled said they should build car parks outside the city centre, where people could leave their cars. They could then walk the rest of the way into the city. Waleed suggested having a bottle bin in the school, where students could put their empty plastic bottles. These could be collected and used again or made into something different. Leila suggested a bin for drink cans. Mr Helmi thought these were very good ideas, and said he would pass them on to the head teacher.
(12)
A) Find short answers to the following questions:
1- Where have the students been learning about the environment?
2- How would it help if people walked more and used their cars less?
3- Who or what does the underlined word "These" refer to??

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
4- Why are Waleed and his friends interested in the environment?
a) They have been studying it at school.
b) They think their town is very polluted.
c) They always go to school by car or bus.
d) There aren't enough litter bins in their school.
5- What was Khaled's suggestion?
a) People should use their cars less.
b) There should be bins for bottles.
c) People should park in the city centre.
d) There should be car parks outside the city.

D) The Novel

3- A) Answer the following questions:
1- What did Ayman wish he had not done? Why?
2- Why did all the archaeologists at the site die?

B) Complete the following:
1- The police got protective clothing from ……………………………………………….
2- Ayman didn't have enough time to read Dr Shereen's second e-mail, so …………………………………………………………………………………………………

C) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions:
"That's why I came to Egypt. If it's a known species, I can identify it."
1- Where did this conversation take place?
2- Why did Professor Jones come to Egypt?

E) Writing

4- Write a paragraph about 100 words about your favourite sport and why you like it.

F) Translation

5- A) Translate into Arabic:
The Olympic Games first started in Ancient Greece, where they were part of some religious celebration. Since then, they have become international sports festivals which are held in a different city every four years. In these games, the winning competitors get gold, silver or bronze medals.

(13)
B) Translate into English:
1- تلعب الالعاب الرياضية دورا هاما فى بناء الجسم و الشخصية.
2- من خلال الرياضة يجد الشباب مخرجا لطاقتهم.