Unit 4: Teamwork انجليزى ثانى ثانوى وحدة 4

Unit 4: Teamwork

Key Vocabulary

attach يربط referee حكم
bring up يربى decision قرار
cooperate يتعاون exciting مثير
cooperation التعاون combination مزيج / خليط
pack قطيع من الحيوانات keep بحفظ
situation موقف prediction تنيؤ
string خيط / دوبارة instructions تعليمات
tolerance تسامح group مجموعة
team فريق / جماعى decision قرار
team sports رياضات جماعية reason سبب
team games العاب جماعية mix يخلط / يختلط
individual sports رياضات فردية choose / chose / chosen يختار
sports centre مركز رياضى depend يعتمد

Vocabulary

hockey الهوكى reply يرد / رد
volleyball الكرة الطائرة arrangements ترتيبات
badminton تنس الريشة plans خطط
squash الاسكواش expect يتوقع
basketball كرة السلة dusty سحابة
football كرة القدم sunny مشمس
tennis التنس stormy عاصف
boxing الملاكمة weather الطقس
swimming السباحة clear صافى / واضح
wrestling المصارعة evidence دليل
running الجرى sandstorm عاصفة رملية
jogging الجرى الخفيف rainy ممطر
cycling ركوب الدراجة protect يحمى
involve يتضمن ill مريض
definitely بالتأكيد member عضو (أسرة / نادى)
definite محدد guide book دليل (كتاب لارشاد السياح)
fit يناسب (المقاس) recent حديث
running shoes حذاء الجرى experiment تجربة
wheel عجلة cage قفص
tennis tournament دورة التنس wild animals حيوانات برية
(1)
achieve يحقق / ينجز wildlife الحياة البرية
combine يجمع / يخلط / يمزج greedy جشع / طماع
conditions ظروف importance أهمية
exist يوجد facilitate يسهل
criticise ينقد flexible مرن
patient مريض / صبور inflexible غير مرن
complex معقد knowledge معرفة
hunt يصطاد (حيوان) strength قوة
practise يمارس energy طاقة
follow يتبع valuable قيم
goals أهداف personal experience خبرة شخصية
gorilla غوريلا contribute يسهم
enormous ضخم / هائل natural طبيعى
size مقاس / حجم cartoons أفلام الكارتون
goalkeeper حارس مرمى improve يحسن
wolf ذئب quality جودة
survival البقاء على قيد الحياة display يعرض / عرض
intelligence ذكاء skills مهارات
hunting الصيد / القنص designer مصمم
properly بشكل مناسب photographer مصور
jokes نكات / دعابات illustrator رسام صور
gym جمنازيوم editor محرر
footballer لاعب كرة قدم extra زائد / اضافى
degree شهادة أو درجة علمية business manager مدير أعمال
Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions

depend on يعتمد على take responsibility for يتحمل مسئولية
ask for advice يطلب نصيحة of different ages من مختلف الأعمار
give advice يقدم نصيحة hold a belief يعتنق معتقد ما
make a prediction يتنبأ pass on … to ينقل ..... الى
cooperate with يتعاون مع show tolerance towards يظهر تسامح نحو
mix with people يختلط بالناس break down يتفكك / يتعطل / ينهار
score a goal يحرز أو يسجل هدف get on with يساير / يجارى
pass the ball to يمرر الكرة لـ look out of يطل من (النافذة)
send … into space يرسل ... الى الفضاء come out تصدر (مجلة مثلا)
hunt in packs يصطاد فى مجموعات popular with محبوب من
live in groups يعيش فى جماعات refer to يشير الى
attached to مربوط بـ look like يشبه
achieve goals يحقق أهداف keep / get fit يخافظ على لياقته
on his own بمفرده care for يعتنى بـ
specialise in يتخصص فى benefit from يستفيد من
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Antonyms عكس الكلمات

Word الكلمة Antonym العكس
tolerance تسامح intolerance تعصب
enormous هائل Small / tiny صغير / صغير جدا
tie يربط untie يفك / يحل
properly بشكل مناسب improperly بشكل غير مناسب
ill مريض well بصحة جيدة
patient صبور impatient غير صبور
complex معقد simple بسيط
fit لائق بدنيا unfit غير لائق
flexible مرن inflexible غير مرن
cooperative متعاون uncooperative غير متعاون

Word Family

Verb Noun Adjective
cooperate يتعاون cooperation التعاون cooperative تعاونى
decide يقرر decision قرار decisive حاسم
predict يتنبأ بـ prediction تنبؤ predictable يمكن التنبؤ به
intend ينوى / يقصد intension نية / قصد intentional متعمد / مقصود
combine يخلط / يمزج combination مزيج / خلط combined مشترك
Confusable words

 win / beat:
 win: (a medal ميدالية / a cup كأس / a race سباق / a competition مسابقة /
a match / a game an award / a prize) يفوز بـ / يكسب
 beat: (someone شخص / a team فريق) يهزم

 experience / experiment:
 experience (countable اسم يعد): خبرة
(يقصد بها الأحداث التى يمر بها الانسان فى حياته)
- His experiences in Germany were rather depressing.
 experience (uncountable اسم لا يعد): خبرة
(يقصد بها المعرفة التى يكتسبها الانسان عن طريق العمل)
- I'm afraid I don't have much sales experience.
 experiment: تجربة (تستخدم عندما نتحدث عن العلماء و أبحاثهم
- They did a number of experiments last week.

(3)
 decide to / decide on:
 decide to + inf.: make up his mind يقرر أن
- He decided to buy a new mobile.
 decide on + noun اسم: choose يختار
- They decided on a name for the baby.

 teach / learn:
 teach / taught / taught: يعلم
- She taught English to foreign students.
 learn: يتعلم
- I'm learning to play the piano.

 team / group / pack:
 team: فريق (الناس الذى يلعبون رياضة أو يعملون معا لانجاز عمل معين)
- He was saved by a team of doctors.
 group: جماعة (بعض الناس أو الأشياء الذين يكونون معا فى مكان ما)
- Everyone please get into groups of work.
 pack: قطيع (من الحيوانات البرية)
- Wolves usually hunt in a pack.


Language Notes

 play / do a sport (game): يلعب / يمارس رياضة
- We do / play a lot of sport at this school.

 play / do sports (games): يلعب / يمارس رياضة
- We do / play a lot of sports at this school.

 sports: (adjective) رياضى (صفة و تستخدم قبل بعض الكلمات)
sports clothes ملابس رياضية a sports festival مهرجان رياضى
a sports centre مركز رياضى a sports car سيارة للسباق

 try: يجرب
- I'm going to try hockey.

 to + inf.: لكى
- He came home early to see the children before they went to bed.

 because + جملة: لأن
- They lost the match because they played badly.

 لاحظ أن them ضمير مفعول للجمع سواء عاقل أو غير عاقل و يأتى بعد الفعل و حروف الجر
- I've lost my keys. I can't find them anywhere.

 لاحظ أن have to تستخدم للتعبير عن الضرورة و تأتى مع الفاعل الجمع و مع الضمير I بينما has to فتأتى مع الفاعل المفرد
- She has to get up early.
- They have to bring their cameras.
(4)
 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Football, cricket and hockey are all (group-team-pack-individual) sports.
2- I enjoy winter (sport-sporty-sporting-sports) like skiing and skating.
3- She used to (make-do-work-get) a lot of sport when she was younger.
4- My running shoes don't (suit-match-fit-get) my feet.
5- In the end, we decided (on-for-of-to) go to the theatre.
6- Please don't ask me to make any (products-predictions-cooperation-productions) about tomorrow's meeting.
7- Squash and badminton are (team-individual-alone-single) sports.
8- If you ask me, you should (do-make-take-have) football.
9- Nurses are trained to (look-care-share-take) for sick people.
10- He used a cable to (tie-attack-attach-relate) the printer to the computer.
11- Surgeons, doctors and nurses work together to (achieve-score-arrive-get) the same goals – to help sick people to become well again.
12- Elephants and gorillas live in large family groups to bring (up-down-in-forward) their young.
13- Older people can pass (out-on-over-at) their experiences and their knowledge to younger people.
14- You can't play basketball (at-in-of-on) your own.
15- Football players pass the ball to each other until one player can (store-make-score-achieve) a goal.
16- You can do a lot of sports at our (sport-sporty-sporting-sports) centre.
17- Some people do a sport to keep (fit-fat-fate-ill).
18- Egypt could (win-lose-gain-beat) Italy 1- 0.
19- Lions hunt their prey in (packets-packages-pockets-packs).
20- After the Roman Empire broke (down-out-in-into), world trade declined.
21- There are many (stations-situations-states-stars) where people need to cooperate to succeed.
22- Birds can (demonstrate-commentate-cooperate-commemorate) on complex jobs.
23- We use (string-sting-stream-stain) for fastening and tying things:
24- She has had to make some very difficult (occasions-decisions-discussions-explosions).
25- For animals and humans cooperation is important for (death-hunger-survival-suppression).
26- The teacher asked the students to get into (grapes – gaps - groups – grains) of four.
27- A (pack-packet-package-team) of surgeons operated on his heart.
28- It wasn't my (attention-intention-invention-intension) to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her.
29- A (cooperation-corporation-contamination-combination) of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep.
30- I have never (gone-worked-done-been) hockey.
31- Scientists are doing (experiments-experiences-examinations-exercises) to test the effectiveness of the new drug.

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32- Who (beat-earned-gained-won) the men's finals in the tennis?
33- Astronauts wear special clothes which (protest-protect-prevent-produce) them.
34- He decided (for-on-to-about) his goals when he was a child.
35- The child couldn't breathe (properly-proper-poorly-probably), so he was taken to the doctor.
36- She hasn't got a job. She (demands-deals-depicts-depends) on her parents for money.
37- The train was late but no-one knew the (season-reason-treason-icon) for the delay.
38- Surgeons specialise (at-with-in-for) performing operations.
39- You have to follow these (instructions-rules-orders-laws) if you want to repair the computer.
40- Mrs Hala is very popular (at-about-for-with her students.

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- For animals and humans, cooperate is important for survival.
2- A good business person can quickly make an important decide.
3- My predict is that you will be a successful engineer.
4- Her intend is to pass all her exams next year.
5- The combine of the wind and rain made driving very difficult.
6- You can't play basketball of your own.
7- He was saved by a tame of doctors.
8- Mr Alan learns us English.

Grammar

Future verb forms صيغ الفعل فى المستقبل

Future Simple Tense
زمن المستقبل البسيط

 Form: التكوين
 يتكون المستقبل البسيط من will / shall + inf.
لاحظ أننا نستخدم shall مع I / we أما will فتستخدم مع كل الضمائر
- I expect I will ('ll) see you tomorrow.
- When will she get here?

 Use: الاستخدام
 يستخدم المستقبل البسيط مع الكلمات الآتية:
Next (year/month/week…) / in the future / soon / in a year, month, week
tomorrow / this time next week / this time tomorrow

(6)
- I'll see him tomorrow.
- We will not (won't) meet again until next week.
- Will they be here soon?
 لاحظ استخدام المستقبل البسيط غالبا مع:
I expect / I'm sure / I think / probably /I hope / I believe / I feel sure / Perhaps

- I expect he will win the first prize.
- I don't think she will get the job.
- Perhaps it will rain tomorrow.

Will + infinitive

 نستخدم will + infinitive :
 For predictions: للتنبؤ
- I think you'll enjoy your holiday.
 For future facts: للحقائق المستقبلية
- I'll be 16 next week.
 For quick decisions: للقرارات السريعة
- That's the phone – I'll answer it.
 For offers: للعرض
- I'll go shopping with you if you like.
 for requests: للطلب
- Will you give me your new address?
 for arrangements: للترتيب لعمل شيء
- I'll see you this evening.
 for threats: للتهديد
- I'll resign if I don't get a pay rise.

Shall + infinitive

 نستخدم shall مع I / we
- I / We shall go to Cairo next month.
 نستخدم shall + infinitive :
 for suggestions: للاقتراح
- "I'm cold." "Shall I close this window?"
- Shall we go out for dinner tonight?
- Shall I meet you on Monday?
 for offers: للعرض
- Shall I help you with your homework?

Going to + infinitive

 لاحظ أننا نستخدم am / is / are قبل going to و يأتى بعدها الفعل فى المصدر
- I am going to work hard this term.
- I am not going to be late.

(7)
- What are you going to do when you leave school?
- Is he going to buy that book?
- Are you going to see the film?
 نستخدم going to + infinitive :
 للتعبير عن الخطط و النوايا و القرارات قبل لحظة الحديث
- I'm going to do more exercise next year.
- We are saving up because we are going to buy a car.
- I'm going to make some coffee. Do you want some?
 للتعبير عن التنبؤ بحدث فى المستقبل مع وجود ما يدل عليه فى الحاضر
- There are no clouds in the sky. It's going to be another sunny day.
- I think I'm going to fail this exam. I haven't done much work
لاحظ أن :
Be going to + inf. = intend to + inf.
- Are you going to buy a new mobile? (Do…)
Do you intend to buy a new mobile?
- She is going to travel abroad. (intends)
She intends to travel abroad.

Present continuous
زمن المضارع المستمر

 يستخدم المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن المستقبل بالنسبة للترتيبات و الخطط المسبقة
- The class is visiting the museum next week.
- We are meeting at 9 o'clock on Monday morning.
- He's travelling to Cairo tomorrow. He's got his tickets.
- I'm going home in half an hour. I have arranged it with the boss.

Present Simple
زمن المضارع البسيط

 يستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن المستقبل و يرتبط ذلك بجداول المواعيد الخاصة بوسائل المواصلات و المسرح و السينما و المدرسة و غير ذلك:
- The plane takes off at 10 p.m.
- The film starts at 9.
- The exam takes place on 2nd April.

The future continuous
المستقبل المستمر

 يتكون المستقبل المستمر من will / shall + be + v. + ing
 يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث سوف يكون مستمرا في وقت معين في المستقبل و يستخدم مع تعبيرات مثل:
Between 4 and 5 p.m. - At 10 o'clock tomorrow
- Between 9 and 11 a.m. tomorrow I'll be studying.

(8)
 Choose the correct answer:
1- I expect I (spend-am spending-will spend-was going to spend) good time with my friends.
2- I think our team (will win-win-are winning-are going to win) more matches.
3- There's not a cloud in the sky – it (will be-is being-shall be-going to be) another very sunny day.
4- I've decided what to do at the weekend. I (have visited-will visit-am visiting-am going to visit) my uncle.
5- Look at those black clouds. It (will rain-is going to rain-has rained-is raining).
6- We (will go-are going to go-shall go-have gone) to the Red Sea this summer. I've bought a guide book.
7- He (will fly-is going to fly-is flying-flies) to London tomorrow. He’s got his ticket.
8- The concert this evening (starts-will start-is starting-is going to start) at 7.
9- A: The phone is ringing.
B: I (answer-am going to answer-am answering-will answer) it.
10- He (is seeing-saw-has seen-was going to see) the director in a few minutes.
11- I promise I (have bought-will buy-am going to buy-must buy) you a nice present.
12- The cup is on the edge of the table. It (is falling-has fallen-is going to fall-will be falling).
13- (Might-May-Should-Will) you buy me some stamps, please?
14- My little sister looks very sad. She (will-shall-might not-is going to) cry.
15- I hear you are starting your university course soon. I'm sure you (shall-is going to-will-would be) enjoy it.
16- If he's late again, I (am-will be-am being-was) very angry.
17- (Will-Shall-Are-Might) we go to the club tonight?
18- He (is leaving-will leave-is going to leave-shall leave) in an hour. He has arranged it with his boss.
19- My brother (is being-is going to be-is-will be) twenty next week.
20- I (waited-was waiting-have waited-will be waiting) or you at the hotel at midday tomorrow.

 Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- I think I buy this watch.
2- I expect that our team must win the match.
3- The film shall start at 7 p.m. tomorrow evening.
4- The water is boiling – I am going to turn the gas off.
5- It will rain. The sky's looking very dark.
6- They leave for London tomorrow. They've arranged everything.
7- If you don't do your homework, you shall be punished.
8- From 5 to 6 tomorrow, I am studying English.


(9)
Language Functions

Asking for Advice طلب النصيحة

 Which (sport) do you think I should choose?
 I want to …….. . What do you think I should do?
 Can you give me some advice (about)……..?
 Can I ask your advice about …..…?

Giving Advice تقديم النصيحة

 If you ask me, you should…
 If I were you, I'd …
 I think you should…
 Why don't you…?
 It is a good idea to …
 The best thing is to …

 What would you say in these situations?
1- A friend wants to cook the family meal this evening, but can't decide what to make. Give advice.
2- Your friend asks for your advice about where to go on holiday. What do you reply?
3- Advise a friend who wants to take a younger brother out for the day but can't decide where to go.
4- A friend asks your advice about the best way to keep fit. What do you reply?
5- Your friend is ill. You give him advice. What do you say?
(10)
Test 1 (Unit 4 + Chapter 2)

A) Language Functions

1- Respond to each of the following situations:
1- Someone asks your opinion about the weather. What do you say?
2- Someone asks you about your plans for your next holiday. What do you say?
3- Someone asks what you want to study at university. What do you say?
4- Your friend asks you why you didn't come to his birthday party. What do you say?

2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:
1- A: Next time, I'll send you off. Place:
B: Why? Speaker A:
A: For your deliberate fouls. Speaker B:
B: I'm sorry.

2- A: May I get in, sir? Place:
B: You are late. Speaker A:
A: Sorry, sir. I won't be late again. Speaker B:

B) Vocabulary & Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1- Sometimes companies accept applicants with no ……………….. and give them full training later.
a) experiment b) experience c) expression d) explanation
2- He found himself in a difficult …………………… when he lost his money.
a) situation b) state c) station d) status
3- No progress will be achieved unless all citizens …………………… for the good of their country.
a) commemorate b) cooperate c) decorate d) demonstrate
4- Surgeons work with a ……………….. of doctors and nurses to help patients.
a) package b) packet c) pocket d) team
5- Boxing and wrestling are examples of ………………….. sports.
a) individual b) team c) group d) single
6- My aunt is amazing. She worked full-time as a doctor and …….... up five children.
a) raised b) took c) sent d) brought
7- The Olympic Games are a …………….. festival which is held every four years.
a) sports b) sport c) sport's d) sports'
8- We should show ……………… towards other people and respect their opinions.
a) cruelty b) tolerance c) intolerance d) hatred
9- Next Saturday I'm going ……………… my aunt.
a) for visit b) visit c) to visit d) to visiting
(11)
10- There's a history programme on TV tonight. I think you ……………… it.
a) are enjoying b) enjoy c) are going to enjoy d) will enjoy
11- I expect he …………… his exams easily.
a) will pass b) passes c) is passing d) is going to pass
12- She ……………… to London next spring.
a) travels b) traveled c) is traveling d) has travelled
13- My sister …………………… at six tomorrow morning.
a) arrives b) arrived c) has arrived d) was arrived
14- The wind is getting stronger. There ………………… a thunderstorm.
a) would be b) might be c) is going to be d) shall be
15- You have had a very tiring day. I'm sure you ……………… feel better after a good night's sleep.
a) will b) can't c) have been d) may not
16- The earth is getting very crowded. Perhaps one day people …………… live on the moon.
a) are going b) shall c) will d) should have

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Football players pass the ball to each other until one player can win a goal.
2- In a recent experience, scientists showed that birds can cooperate on complex jobs.
3- Scientists found that they could successfully learn many pairs of birds to get their food in this way.
4- Space scientists has to work in large, complex teams to send people into space.
5- Elephants and gorillas live in large family groups to bringing up their young.
6- The birds could see the food, but to get him into their cage, they had to pull pieces of string attached to the box.

C) Reading Comprehension

5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
The ancient Greeks always asserted يؤكد that a healthy mind in a healthy body is the golden ذهبى key مفتاح to a well-balanced متوازنة life. Nowadays many schools are decreasing يقلل the amount of time given to sports, and some schools are removing يزيل it altogether. Although academic subjects are certainly a very important part of the school curriculum منهج, I am strongly opposed معارض to the complete removal ازالة of sports.
Firstly, schools have a responsibility مسئولية to educate يعلم children in all areas. For that reason, it is just as important to provide sports practice for the professional محترف sportsmen and women of the future, as it is to provide academic training to those who will go on to university.


(12)
In addition, students these days spend long hours studying or working at their computers. Therefore, they need the opportunity فرصة to do some physical activities during the school day. This will not only help to increase their level of fitness and make them healthier, it will also mean that they develop better social skills and are able to concentrate on their studies for longer, and thus achieve a better result.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that sports should remain a key part of the school curriculum. All children have the right to get a balanced education, and they should not be deprived of the opportunity to learn how to play sports.

A) Answer the following questions:
1- Does the writer support or oppose the issue of increasing sport time at school?
2- Why is it important to practise sports during the school day?
3- What should not children be deprived of?

B) Choose the best answer from a, b, c, or d:
4-The ancient Greeks believe that …………………………………………
a) there is a connection between intelligence and strong body.
b) well-balanced food is important
c) there is a negative effect of sports on the body
d) studying is more important than sports
5- The word “key” means ………………………
a) lock b) necessary
c) clue d) guide

6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
During a recent car trip, I pulled into a rest area and was approached by a dirty man who asked for money to get petrol for his car. I rejected his appeal rationalizing that to give money to beggars would be to encourage a practice already on a disturbing rise in our country.
Later I had a change of heart, I handed the man ten pounds and wished him well, but I couldn’t bring myself to grasp the outstretched hand he offered in appreciation. People begin and end almost every interaction with handshakes. Handshaking has become a thing of the past and increasingly dangerous, too. Risks associated with handshaking have become more threatening than the mere passing of germs from one person to another. It is true that diseases such as hepatitis cannot be passed from one person to another through a simple handshake. But what about cold viruses? Rather than risk your health unnecessarily, we might adopt an alternative to handshaking. The “namaste” – placing your two palms together with fingers pointed upward – is used throughout much of the world as a display of respect when greeting someone. Similarly, the military salute would permit us to greet each other without touching. As a possible compromise between the “namaste” and the salute, we might consider the familiar Japanese bow.

(13)
A) Answer the following questions:
1- Why does the writer think that handshaking is a bad habit?
2- Why did the writer hesitate to give money to the man?
3- What is the advantage of a military salute?

B) Choose the best answer from a, b, c, or d:
4- According to the writer, we……..…get cold viruses by handshaking.
a) can b) can never c) couldn’t d) never
5- There are ………..alternatives to handshaking.
a) no b) two c) three d) four

D) The Novel

7- A) Answer the following questions:
1- What was Ayman’s favourite hobby?
2- Why was Ayman surprised when he saw the spider?

B) Read the following quotation and then answer the questions:
Spiders use webs to catch flies, but I’m going to use the web to find a spider.
1- Who said these words and to whom?
2- What are the two kinds of webs according to the speaker’s point of view?

C) Complete the following sentences:
1- Ayman used the internet for ……………………………………………………….……. .
2- Ayman saw the spider when …………………………………………………………….. .

E) Writing

8- Write a paragraph about 100 words about:
The importance of sports
Guiding points:
- The sound mind is in the sound body. العقل السليم فى الجسم السليم
- Strengthen تقوى muscles and activate mind.
- Spending spare time fruitfully. بطريقة مثمرة
- Team work-cooperation -patience.

F) Translation

9- A) Translate into Arabic:
Sports are useful for character development. In their books, children learn about such values as unselfishness, courage and love of one’s country. However, what is learned by experience in sports has a deeper effect on a child’s character.

B) Translate into English:
1- يجب أن يستغل الشباب أوقات فراغهم فى خدمة البيئة و ممارسة الأنشطة الرياضية.
2- ان التعاون هو أساس النجاح فى الحياة الحديثة .