Unit 13 Modern Wonders

Unit 13
Modern Wonders

Vocabulary

wonders عجائب machines الات / اجهزة
invention اختراع fill يملأ / يشغل
invent يخترع ordinary عادى
inventor مخترع enormous هائل / ضخم
disadvantages عيوب advance تقدم
advantages مميزات medical طبى
plane طائرة inside داخل
cause يسبب replace يستبدل
air pollution تلوث الهواء damaged تالف
noise pollution تلوث سمعى heart قلب
anywhere فى أى مكان lungs الرئتين
immediately فى الحال increase يزيد / يزداد
text messages رسائل نصية happiness السعادة
cost تكلفة health الصحة
international calls مكالمات دولية farming زراعة
radio station محطة اذاعة patients المرضى
clearly بوضوح space travel السفر للفضاء
good points نقاط جيدة produce ينتج
bad points نقاط سيئة production انتاج
air travel السفر جوا directions اتجاهات
damage يدمر / يتلف exactly بالضبط
environment البيئة pharaoh فرعون
incredible لا يصدق tomb مقبرة
communicating اتصال point يشير
accident حادثة equipment معدات / آلات
badly damaged محطم بطريقة سيئة ramp تعلية / مطلع / منحدر
tour guide مرشد سياحى hanging gardens الحدائق المعلقة
submarine غواصة cloning الاستنساخ
lighthouse فنار genetic engineering هندسة وراثية
connected مرتبط / متصل nuclear power الطاقة النووية
bill فاتورة shopping التسوق
treatment علاج / معاملة colonise يستعمر
x-ray أشعة اكس majority أغلبية
ancient world العالم القديم population السكان
modern world العالم الحديث bring يجلب
list قائمة teenager مراهق
huge ضخم / كبير illustrate يشرح / يفسر

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patience الصبر explore يستكشف
teamwork العمل الجماعى universe الكون
lightweight خفيف الوزن disease-resistant مقاوم للمرض
solar power الطاقة الشمسية irrigation الرى
intensive مركز irrigate يروى
imagination خيال nutritious مغزى / صحى
determination تصميم crops محاصيل
strength قوة Knowledge معرفة
technical فنى development تنمية / تطوير
Idioms & Expressions

make a choice يختار connected to موصل بـ
For many reasons لعدة أسباب get news from يحصل على أخبار من
travel to يسافر إلى in different languages بلغات مختلفة
in a very short time فى فترة قصيرة thank for + v. + ing يشكر على
get on يركب in a hurry على عجل / مستعجل
be in London يكون فى لندن crash into يصطدم بـ
in about 4 hours فى حوالى 4 ساعات near to بالقرب من
agree with يتفق مع get off ينزل من
think about يفكر فى on mobile phone بالموبايل
put a number into يدخل رقم فى in a few hours فى ساعات قليلة
talk to يتحدث إلى look after يعتنى بـ
in the world فى العالم add to يضيف إلى
in the past فى الماضى communicate with يتواصل مع
arrive in a country يصل الى دولة on the radio فى المذياع
switch on يشغل / يدير (جهاز) do a sport يمارس رياضة
from all over the world من كل أنحاء العالم take photographs يلتقط صور
break down يتعطل on television فى التليفزيون
get out of يخرج من available for متاح لـ
listen to ينصت إلى on the other hand من جهة أخرى

Vocabulary Study
lighthouse: a tower with a bright light that tells ships about dangers at sea. الفنارة
 connected: joined. مرتبط
 bill: paper which says how much you owe for something you have bought. فاتورة
 treatment: what doctors and nurses do to patients to make them better. علاج
 X-ray: a photograph of part of the inside of someone's body. أشعة إكس

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Confusable Words

 discover / invent / explore:
 discover: يكتشف (شيئا كان موجودا و لكنه كان مجهولا)
- Christopher Columbus discovered America.
 invent: يخترع (شيئا لم يكن له وجود من قبل)
- Peter Captiza and others invented the artificial satellite in 1957.
 explore: يستكشف (مكان)
- The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.

 steal / rob:
 steal: يسرق شيئا (يأتى بعده الشئ المسروق)
- The thieves stole five million dollars from the bank.
 rob: يسرق من مكان أو شخص (يأتى بعده الشخص أو المكان الذى يسرق منه)
- They robbed a bank last week.
- Someone robbed me last night.
 rob (someone) (of): يسرق من شخص شئ
- Someone robbed me of my watch last night.

 borrow / lend:
 borrow + شئ + from + شخص: يستعير / يقترض شئ من شخص
 lend + شخص + شئ: يسلف / يقرض شخص شئ
 lend + شئ + to + شخص: يسلف / يقرض شئ لشخص
- Dalia lent Hala her camera. (borrowed)
Hala borrowed a camera from Dalia.

Language Notes

 In my opinion = I think حسب رأيى
- I think that planes cause air and noise pollution. (opinion)
In my opinion planes cause air and noise pollution.

 take + اسم أو ضمير مفعول + مدة زمنية + to + مصدر ….: يستغرق
- He did the homework in an hour. (It took……..)'
It took him an hour to do the homework.

 spend + مدة زمنية + v. + ing: يقضى
- He spent two hours playing music.

 owe + شئ + to + شخص : يدين بشئ لشخص
- I owe a lot of money to the bank.

 owe + شخص + شئ : يدين لشخص بشئ
- I owe the bank a lot of money.

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 instead of + v. + ing: بدلا من
- Instead of doing his homework, he watched television.

 فاعل + enable + مفعول + to + مصدر:
- We can make progress تقدم with modern technology. (Modern technology…..)
Modern technology enables us to make progress.

Money Verbs

present Simple past Present perfect
spend – spends ينفق spent have / has spent
pay - pays يدفع paid have / has paid
buy - buys يشترى bought have / has bought
cost - costs يكلف cost have / has cost

Tapescript

 The plane is an important invention of the last hundred years, because it has made the world a smaller place. People can travel to other countries in a very short time. For example, I can get on a plane at Cairo airport and be in London in about four hours. The disadvantage is that planes cause air and noise pollution and we have to do something about that soon.
 The telephone - and particularly the mobile phone is an important invention of the last hundred years. You can put a few numbers into my phone and talk to people anywhere in the world immediately. Or, if I haven't got much time, I send a text message. In the past, you had to write letters and they took weeks to arrive in a foreign country. The only problem is the cost — international calls can be quite expensive.
 The radio is an important invention. You just switch it on and you can get news from all over the world in different languages. You can listen to radio programmes in English. but it can sometimes be difficult to find a station. And when you’ve found the station, it‘s sometimes difficult to hear clearly unless you have an expensive radio.

Reading

The wonders of the modern world
 Hundreds of years ago, a list was made of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Lighthouse at Alexandria and the Great Pyramid of Giza were among them. The others were buildings or large statues. But what are the wonders of the modern world? Let's look at two of the most important wonders which are not buildings.
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 Thirty years ago, computers were huge, expensive machines which filled rooms. Hardly anyone could buy them because they cost so much. Today, however, there are millions of cheap computers in offices and homes across the world. In some countries, many ordinary people have bought one or more computers, which are connected by the internet to shops, banks and offices. More and more people are shopping, paying their bills, studying and doing many other things by computers.
 During the last hundred years, There have also been enormous advances in medical treatment. X-¬rays, for example, make it possible to see what is happening inside our bodies. Doctors can also replace damaged hearts and lungs. No other science has done more to increase our health and happiness.
 There are other wonders that can be added to this list, such as space travel and new ways of farming which produce better food.

Questions & answers

1- What were the Seven Wonders of the ancient world?
 The Great Pyramid of Giza. الهرم الأكبر فى الجيزة
 The Lighthouse at Alexandria. منارة الإسكندرية
 The Colossus of Rhodes. تمثال رودس الضخم
 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. حدائق بابل المعلقة
 The Statue of Zeus at Olympia. تمثال زيوس فى مدينة أوليمبيا  TheTemple of Artemis at Ephesus. معبد أرتميس فى أفسس (تركيا)
 The Mausoleum of Mausoleos at Halicarnassus.
ضريح موسولوس فى هاليكارناسوس

2- What are some of the wonders of the modern world?
- Cloning, space travel, electricity, computer and internet, solar energy, x-rays, test tube babies أطفال الأنابيب solar power , genetic engineering, Radio and television, the plane, new ways of farming, the telephone and the mobile.

3- How were computers thirty years ago?
- Computers were huge, expensive machines which filled rooms.

4- Why couldn't people buy computers thirty years ago?
- Because they cost so much.

5- Why can ordinary people buy computers today?
- Because they are cheap.

6- Mention some uses of computers.
- People are shopping, paying their bills, studying and doing many other things by computers.

7- How can doctors take photographs inside our bodies?
- By using X-rays.

8- What is the use of X-rays?
- X-¬rays make it possible to see what is happening inside our bodies.
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9- How have medical advances helped people?
- Medical advances have helped to make people healthier and happier.

10- How can doctors treat damaged skins and hearts?
- Doctors can replace them.

Critical Thinking
 There are other wonders that can be added to this list, such as space travel and new ways of farming which produce better food.

Questions & answers

1- What do you think makes space travel a wonder of the modern world?
- It enables people to explore the universe beyond their own world.

2- How can space travel help ordinary people?
- The science and technology related to space travel have been used in everyday life: the design of small, lightweight equipment; the development of new materials which can be used for a range of everyday things such as medical equipment, use of solar power, etc.

3- What new ways of farming are there that help produce better food?
- Disease-resistant crops/more intensive use of land/better irrigation/better understanding of nature

4- What do you think the writer means by better food?
- Food that is more nutritious/healthy.

5- What do you think will be the wonders of the future world?
- Space stations, robots, etc.

6- Do you think ordinary people will travel into or live in space?
- Humans may need to colonise space. On the other hand, it will always be very expensive, so not available to the majority of the world's populations.

7- What do you think people in the future may learn from us today?
- I think that they will realise that we can adapt to changes in climate and population.

The pyramids
 As everyone knows, the Egyptian pyramids are the tombs of the pharaohs, the country's ancient kings. There are more than 90 pyramids in all. The four sides of each pyramid point in the directions north, south, east and west.

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 We do not know exactly how they were built, but one thing we know is that they were built without the kind of machines and equipment we use today. Most of the thousands of workers who built the pyramids usually worked on farms, but they could not work in the fields between the months of July and November because the land was under water.
 The stone was cut and then taken by boat, or pulled on pieces of wood, to the place where they were going to build the pyramid. They put the first stones of the pyramid under the sand. Then they put more huge pieces of stone on top of each other to make steps. To get the stones as high as they needed, they pulled them up ramps which they had built up the sides of the pyramid. Next, they filled in the steps with smaller pieces of white stone. When the pyramids were finished, their sides shone brightly.

Questions & answers

1- Why were the Pyramids built?
- To bury the ancient Egyptian kings in them.

2- How many pyramids are there in Egypt?
- There are more than 90 pyramids.

3- During what months were the pyramids built? Why?
- They were built between July and November because the land was under water then and the farmers could not work in the fields, so they were free to build the pyramids.

4- How did they get the huge pieces of stone up the pyramids?
- They built ramps up the sides of the pyramids and pulled the stones up the ramps.

5- Why did they want the pyramid to shine brightly?
- To be seen by people at night or to attract the attention.

6- What qualities were needed by the people who built the pyramids?
- Patience , intelligence , strong will, and determination.

7- What can we learn from people in the past, like the Ancient Egyptians?
- We can learn that working hard leads to success.

Communication

Inventions bring problems as well as happiness

 People invent things for many reasons. For example, the telephone was invented so that people can communicate with each other when they are not in the same place. The television was invented to bring people news and interesting information. The telephone and the television have brought many people great

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happiness. However, they have also brought problems. For example, the telephone can make people lazy - they may telephone friends instead of visiting them. The television can also make people lazy. For example, more people now watch sport on television than go out and do a sport themselves.

Questions & answers

1- Why was the telephone invented?
- So that people could communicate with each other.

2- What do you think is the most important modern invention? State two reasons for your choice.
- I think the mobile phone is the most important modern invention because it enables people to communicate with each other and send text messages.

 Choose the correct answer:
1- People spend too much time (talk-talking-talked-to talk) on their mobile phones.
2- Air travel (helps-benefits-hurts-damages) the environment and should be more expensive.
3- People can travel (at-with-to-by) other countries in a very short time.
4- You can get on a plane at Cairo airport and be (on-at-in-from) London in about four hours.
5- One (disadvantage-advantage-merit-benefit) of planes is that they cause air and noise pollution.
6- Air travel has made the world a (smaller-huge-big-large) place.
7- You can fly from Cairo to London (at-on-by-in) about four hours.
8- You can send people text (books-letters-messages-bills) if you don't have much time.
9- (Fortunately-Luckily-Unfortunate-Unfortunately), planes cause air and noise pollution.
10- It can be expensive to (do-make-work-talk) international phone calls.
11- Hussein often listens (on-for-at) radio programmes in English.
12- People can travel to other countries (in-at-from-by) a very short time.
13- Sometimes it can be difficult to find a radio (stop-space-spice-station).
14- You can put a few numbers (into-in-on-to) your mobile and talk to people anywhere in the world immediately.
15- In the past, letters took weeks to arrive (at-to-on-in) a foreign country.
16- On the radio you can get news (from-in-into-at) all over the world in different languages.
17- A nurse is trained to look (at-for-after-up) sick people.
18- A (submarine-station-rocket-olane) is a ship that can travel on the surface of the water and under water.
19- The Great Pyramid at Giza was one of the Seven (Masters-Wonders-Wanders-Statues) of the Ancient World.
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20- Thirty years ago, computers were (huge-small-thin-little) machines which filled rooms.
21- Computers are connected by the internet (for-by-with-to) shops and banks.
22- Doctors can (place-buy-replace-keep) damaged hearts and lungs.
23- We can travel through the internet (at-in-to-from) no time.
24- The Egyptian pyramids are the (tombs-bombs-temples-tables) of the ancient kings.
25- People invent things (at-for-with-from) many reasons
26- The telephone enabled people to communicate (with-by-to-for) each other.
27- The television was (done-discovered-invented-explored) to bring people news and information.
28- People may telephone friends instead of (visit-visits-visiting-visited) them.
29- I like your new blouse. How much did it (cost-pay-buy-spend) you?
30- My parents (cost-paid-bought-spent) a new mobile for me.
31- My new mobile is not expensive. It (cost-paid-bought-spent) me LE 200.
32- I've been shopping. I (cost-paid-bought-spent) bread, vegetables and meat.
33- I (cost-paid-bought-spent) all my money while I was on holiday.
34- A (lighthouse-pyramid-ship-boat) is a tall building by the sea with a flashing light at the top to warn ships of dangerous rocks.
35- It can be expensive to make (local-public-international-national) calls.
36- Doctors give patients (treatment-employment-measurement-enjoyment) to make them better.
37- Traveling to space (able-unable-enables-can) people to explore the universe beyond their own world.
38- A (submarine-spaceship-plane-car) is a ship that travels underwater.
39- (An airport-A spaceship-A spacecraft-A station) is a place where trains stop so that passengers can get on or off.

 Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:-
1- Akram borrowed a tennis racket from Fawzy. (lent)
2- He didn't write the report. Instead, he watched television. (Instead of)
3- We can see with our eyes. (enable)
4- I think he is a very wise man. (opinion)
5- Someone stole my car last night. (robbed)
6- Rania cooked dinner in half an hour. (It took………..)

 Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:
The telephone – and particularly the mobile phone is an important invention of the last hundred years. You can (1)…………… a few numbers into my phone and talk to people anywhere in the (2) ……………….. immediately. Or, if you haven't got much (3) ………………., you send a text message. In the past, you had to write letters and they (4)………………… weeks to arrive in a foreign country. The only problem is the (5) ………………….. — international (6) ……….. can be quite expensive.
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Language Focus

Articlesالأدوات

The Indefinite Articles أدوات النكرة

? تأتىa قبل الاسم المفرد النكرة المبدوء بحرف ساكن أو حرف u الذى ينطق (يو).
a book – a house – a stamp – a uniform زى – a university
? تأتى an قبل الاسم المفرد النكرة المبدوء بحرف متحرك ((a-e-I-o-u أو حرف h صامت.
an apple – an egg – an idea – an orange – an umbrella – an honest man رجل أمين
? نستخدم a / an حسب الصوت و ليس حسب الحرف مثل
a European country. دولة أوروبية
? نستخدم a/an فى الحالات التالية:-
1- قبل الاسم المفرد النكرة الذى يذكر لأول مرة.
- I have a house and a garden.
2- قبل أسماء المهن.
- He's a doctor. - He's an engineer.
3- للإشارة إلى واحد من عدة أشياء
- We've got a car.

The Definite Article أداة المعرفة

? نستخدمthe فى الحالات الآتية:
1- قبل الاسم النكرة الذى سبق ذكره.
- I have a house and a garden. The house is small, but the garden is huge.
2- قبل الأسماء التى يوجد منها شئ واحد.
- Which is the longest river in the world?
- Cairo is the capital عاصمةof Egypt. القاهرة هى العاصمة الوحيدة لمصر
3- قبل الأسماء المشهورة أو المعروفة أو الفريدة فى نوعها .
the sun – the moon – the sky – the sea – the land – the world
the Pyramids – the sphinx أبو الهول– the Cairo Tower – the High Dam
- Don't look at the sun. you'll hurt your eyes.
4- قبل أسماء الاختراعات و الاكتشافات .
the telephone - the television - the computer - the radio - the internet - the plane
- The plane has made travel very fast.
5- عندما نتحدث عن فصيلة أو اسم مفرد يصف مجموعة .
- The giraffe الزرافة is found in Africa.
- The tiger is a member of the cat family.
6- مع جمل المقارنة وصفات التفضيل القصوى (أكثر من إثنين) :
- The more you practise, the better you get.
- The computer is the most important modern invention
7- قبل أسماء البحار والأنهار والمحيطات والصحارى والسلاسل الجبلية والقنوات.
The Red Sea البحر الأحمر – The Mediterranean Sea البحر المتوسط
The Nile نهر النيل – The Amazon نهر الأمازون
The Atlantic ocean المحيط الأطلنطي - The Sahara الصحراء الكبري
The Himalayas جبال الهمالايا - The Suez Canal قناة السويس
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8- قبل الصفات لتدل على اسم جمع.
rich غنى the rich الأغنياء poor فقير the poor الفقراء
old كبير السن the old الكبار young صغير the young الصغار

? لا نستخدم the فى الحالات الآتية :
1- مع الأسماء الجمع عندما نعبر عن أفكار عامة مثل الناس و الطعام والوظائف والنباتات.
women – men - beans - scientists - trees
2-مع الأسماء التى لا تعد مثل الطعام و الشراب و المواد الخام و الأسماء المجردة و المواد الدراسية و اللغات
milk – oil - beauty الجمال - love - happiness السعادة – sadness الحزن - science - English – Chemistry – wood الخشب
3- قبل أسماء الوجبات breakfast – lunch – dinner – supper
- I usually have breakfast at 7 o’clock?
4- قبل أسماء القارات و الدول و المدن و القرى و أسماء الأعلام و أسماء البحيرات المفردة و الجبال المفردة مثل
Africa – India – London – Abu Tig – Yusef- Lake Naser – Everest
إذا كان اسم الدولة مركب نستخدم قبله the .
The United States of America (USA) الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
The United Kingdom المملكة المتحدة
و لكن نقول the Sudan
5- قبلschool-prison-hospital-church-mosque عندما تستخدم فى الغرض الذى بنيت من أجله ، و نستخدمthe إذا تم الذهاب إلى هذه الأماكن للزيارة.
- He went to prison. = He is a prisoner, a soldier or an officer.
- He went to the prison. = He went there to visit someone.

 Choose the correct answer:
1- (A-An-The-No article) Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world.
2- My father is (a-an-the-no article) doctor.
3- In fact, he's one of (a-an-the-no article) best doctors in our town.
4- (A-An-The-No article) town he is talking about is Damietta.
5- You shouldn't look at (a-an-the-no article) sun. It can damage your eyes.
6- Yesterday I found (a-an-the-no article) mobile phone in the road.
7- (A-An-The-No article) Nile is the longest river in the world.
8- I saw (a-an-the-no article) accident this morning.
9- We live in (a-an-the-no article) old house near to the sea Nile.
10- When I leave school, I want to be (a-an-the-no article) tourist guide.
11- (A-An-The-No article) mobile phone was invented in 1973.
12- My brother is (a-an-the-no article) fastest swimmer in our school.
13- The moon is a planet in (a-an-the-no article) sky.
14- On our trip to Spain, we crossed (a-an-the-no article) Atlantic Ocean.
15- When I was at school, I loved (a-an-the-no article) Mathematics.
16- (A-An-The-No article) apples are good for you.
17- Look at (a-an-the-no article) apples on that tree.
18- We had dinner at (a-an-the-no article) most expensive restaurant in town.

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19- My friend lived in (a-an-the-no article) India for a long time.
20- This ring is made of (a-an-the-no article) gold.
21- My father works for (a-an-the-no article) international company.
22- Mr Ali is (a-an-the-no article) accountant in a big company.
23- Tom is (a-an-the-no article) very nice person.
24- My father went to (a-an-the-no article) school to meet my teachers.
Language Functions
 Giving opinion: إبداء الرأى
- I think……………………….... أعتقد
- In my opinion,………………. فى رأيى
- I've always thought that... أعتقد دائما أن

 Agreeing: الموافقة
- I agree with you. اننى أتفق معك
- You're right. أنت على حق
- Yes, that's what I think. نعم هذا ما أعتقد

 Disagreeing: عدم الموافقة
- I'm afraid I don't agree with you. آسف فانا لا اتفق معك
- I don't think that's right. لا أعتقد ذلك

 Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1- Your brother says that air travel is incredible. You agree.
2- You express your opinion about your friend's wonderful suit.
3- Your mother says that London is the capital of France.
4- You ask your friend about his opinion about your new computer.
5- Someone thinks that women should stay at home. You disagree.
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Test (13)

A) Language Functions

1- Finish the following dialogue between Salwa and Amina about music:
Salwa : Good morning, Amina.
Amina: Good morning, Salwa. ……….?
Salwa : I'm going to the music hall in the opera.
Amina: …......?
Salwa : There is a lecture about folk music by Professor Qenawi Mousa.
Amina: ………..?
Salwa : He is going to talk about musical instruments all over Egypt.
Amina: You have aroused my interest. Can I come with you?
Salwa : … .
Amina: Thank you, Salwa. Let's go now.

2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1- Someone asks you what you think the most important invention is.
2- You ask your friend about the price of his new shoes.
3- A friend says she thinks mobile phones are the most important invention of the twentieth century. You have a different opinion. You think it is the TV.
4- You ask a friend about the ancient world wonders.

B) Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- If you have a radio, you can listen ………………… all kinds of programmes.
a) at b) in c) to d) with
2- You'll have to ……………….. more if you fly business class.
a) pay b) cost c) buy d) price
3- You shouldn't look at ……………….. sun. You may hurt your eyes.
a) a b) an c) the d) any
4- My new shoes aren't expensive. They …………….. LE 50.
a) paid b) cost c) sold d) weighed
5- We spent a week visiting the ……………… of Ancient Egyptian civilization.
a) types b) methods c) ways d) wonders
6- The printer is ……………….. to the computer.
a) contacted b) connected c) written d) glued
7- ………………….. has made the world a smaller place.
a) A plane b) The plane c) Planes d) This plane
8- When the waiter brought me the ……….…, I was shocked at how much I had to pay.
a) bill b) phone c) menu d) money
9- People may telephone friends instead of ………………… them.
a) visit b) visits c) visited d) visiting
10- ………………. sun gives the earth warmth and light.
a) A b) The c) An d) No article
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4- Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- Ahmed borrowed some money from Mona. (lent)
2- Rich people should donate money to charities. (The…………)
3- No student in our class is stronger than Hany. (strongest)
4- With X-rays, doctors can take photos inside our bodies. (enable)

5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:
Thirty years ago, computers were huge, expensive machines which filled rooms. People could hardly buy them because they (1) ………… so much. Today, there are millions of (2)…………….. computers in offices and homes. In some countries, many (3)……………… people have bought one or more computers, which are connected by the (4)………………. to shops, banks and offices. More and more people are shopping, paying their (5)…………….. , studying and (6)…………. many other things by computers.

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books

6- Read the following passage , then answer the questions:
Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be a dark place. He also invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and over 1,200 other things.
Thomas Edison was born in 1847. Surprisingly, he attended school for only two months. His mother, a former teacher, taught him a few things, but he was mostly self-educated. His natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age with electrical and mechanical things at home.
When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train. He set up a laboratory in a baggage car of the train so that he could continue his experiments in his spare time. He was fired when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the baggage car. He then worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time on the job conducting experiments. He got his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. In 1870, he invented a stock-ticker, a machine that automatically prints stock prices on a tape.
Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He called himself a "two-shift man" because he worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.
Thomas Edison died at the age of 84 in 1931. He left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.

A) Answer the following questions:
1- What are Edison's inventions mentioned in the passage?
2- What effect did natural curiosity have on Edison?
3- How did Edison lose his first job?
4- Why did Edison call himself a "two-shift man"?

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B) Choose the correct answer:
5- Edison considered his deafness …………………………………………
a) a disadvantage b) a blessing
c) something from a priest d) a necessity
6- Of all the inventions, ……… was probably the most important for civilization.
a) the vote recorder b) the stock ticker
c) the light bulb d) the motion picture camera
7- Edison's second job was ………………………………..
a) a newsboy b) a stock-ticker
c) a vote recorder d) a telegraph operator

7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:
1- Why was the telephone invented?
2- Why were the Pyramids built?
3- Name two ancient wonders of the world.
4- What do you think is the most modern invention? State why.
5- Do you think ordinary people will travel into or live in space?
6- What do you think people in the future may learn from us today?

D) The Novel

A) Answer the following questions:
1- Where did the storyteller live?
2- What did the storyteller do to find the real man?
3- Why did the storyteller faint when he read the man's card?
4- What happened to Mr Ormond Wall?

B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions:
"The search became like a madness to me. I neglected everything else."
1- Who is the speaker?
2- Who was the speaker searching for?
3- Why did people think he was mad?

E) Writing

9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:
"Inventions bring problems as well as happiness"

F) Translation

10- A) Translate into Arabic:
1- The television was invented to bring people news and interesting information.
2- During the last hundred years, There have also been enormous advances in medical treatment.

A) Translate into English:
يستخدم الطلاب المصريون أجهزة الكمبيوتر فى مدارسهم.