Unit 8 William Shakespeare
Vocabulary
actor ممثل beat يهزم
artist فنان (موسيقى أو عازف أو نحات) describe يصف
musician موسيقار truth حقيقة / صدق
patron راعى/كفيل/سيد/صاحب مؤسسة soldiers جنود
perform يؤدى (دورا مسرحيا) save ينقذ
performer مؤدى (موسيقى / مسرحى) capture يأسر
plays مسرحية / يلعب / يمثل prison سجن
theatre مسرح realize يدرك
support يمول / يدعم / يعول / يساند decision قرار
organization منظمة / مؤسسة suggestion اقتراح
musical موسيقى damage دمار / خراب
musical performer عازف موسيقى luckily لحسن الحظ
entertain يسلى / يستضيف sad حزين
especially و بخاصة Sorry نادم
stage خشبة المسرح prepare يعد / يستعد
Tour guide مرشد سياحى risk يخاطر
glove maker صانع قفازات ashamed شاعر بالخزى أو الخجل
financial problems مشاكل مالية foolish أحمق / غبى
cautious حريص guilty مذنب
theatre group فرقة مسرحية turning point نقطة تحول
own يمتلك dishonest غير وفى / غير مخلص
owner مالك power قوة / سلطة
part-own يشارك فى ملكية regretful نادم
part-owner شريك فى ملكية well-known معروف / مشهور
retire يتقاعد عن العمل / يحال إلى المعاش feelings مشاعر
quiz اختبار موجز opposite عكس
poem قصيدة flattery مديح
successful ناجح sweet words كلمات معسولة
definitely بالتأكيد forgive يصفح عن / يسامح
diary دفتر لتدوين اليوميات mobile number رقم التليفون المحمول
Road accident deceitful مخادع
address عنوان / يخاطب sensible عاقل
injured مصاب / مجروح fight معركة
revise يراجع terrible فظيع
revision مراجعة mistake خطأ
obvious واضح several عدة
wander يتجول / يطوف حول prefer يفضل
Midlands الجزء الأوسط أو الداخلى من البلاد ending نهاية
(1)
Idioms & Expressions
play James Bond يمثل دور جيمس بوند find out يعرف / يكتشف
I have no idea ليس لدى فكرة catch the plane يلحق بالطائرة
write for يكتب لـ be taken to prison يرسل الى السجن
refer to يشير إلى go into يدخل
famous for= known for مشهور بـ go out يخرج
leave for يغادر إلى fall down يقع / يسقط
move back to ينتقل إلى on stage على خشبة المسرح
send away ينفى / يطرد / يبعد all over the world فى كل أنحاء العالم
angry with غاضب من شخص win a fight against يكسب مباراة ضد
give his country to يعطى ملكه إلى win a fight against يخسر مباراة ضد
obvious to واضح لـ wander around يتجول فى
live on money from يعيش على مال من take power back يسترد السلطة
in public علانية / جهرا be prepared to مستعد أن
the date on which اليوم الذى فيه risk his life for يخاطر بحياته من أجل
make money from يكون ثروة من tell the truth يقول الحقيقة
put …. Into prison يضع .... فى السجن tell lies / a lie يكذب
learn from يتعلم من tell a story يحكى قصة
Definitions
actor: ممثل
Someone who performs in a play or film.
patron: راعى/كفيل/سيد/صاحب مؤسسة
Some one who supports or gives money to an organization, artist , musical performer, etc.
perform: يؤدى (دورا مسرحيا)
To do something to entertain people, especially in public
theatre: مسرح
A building with a stage where plays are performed.
obvious: واضح
Easy to understand
wander: يتجول
Walk with nowhere to go
beat: يهزم
Win a fight against someone
(2)
Verbs and nouns that go together
Make & do
make do
make a decision يتخذ قرار do damage يحدث ضرر أو تلف
make a mistake يرتكب خطأ do homework يعمل الواجب
make money يكسب مالا do a job يؤدى عملا
make a noise يحدث ضوضاء do a quiz يعمل مسابقة
make a suggestion يقدم اقتراح do a sport يمارس رياضة
make an effort يبذل جهدا do an exam يؤدى امتحان
make the beds يرتب الفراش do enough revision يعمل مراجعة كافية
Confusable words
wander / wonder:
wander: walk aimlessly يتجول
- We wandered about the city square ميدان, chatting and window-shopping.
wonder: ask oneselfيتساءل
- I wondered if I would be invited to the party.
arrive / reach:
arrive: يصل ( لا يليه مفعول به)
- The plane has just arrived.
arrive at: يصل إلى (مكان صغير محدود)
- The plane arrived at Cairo Airport on time.
arrive in: يصل إلى (دولة / عاصمة / مدينة كبيرة)
- The plane arrived in Cairo on time.
reach: get toيصل إلى (يليه مفعول به)
- I won't reach the office till noon today.
win / gain / earn:
win: (a medal / a cup / a race / a competition / a match / a game/a prize)
يفوز بـ / يكسب ( يليه الشئ الذى نفوز به أو نكسبه)
gain:(experience/information / Knowledge) يكتسب (خبرة / معلومات / معرفة)
(weight / height / speed)يزداد (فى الوزن / الطول / السرعة)
earn: (money / his living) يكسب المال / عيشه (من العمل الجاد)
Language Notes
so + صفة: very + صفة جدا
- Mark is very clever. (so)
Mark is so clever.
(3)
فاعل + فعل + so + صفة + that + جملة: جدا لدرجة أن
- He is very strong. He can carry the heavy box. (so ……. that)
He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.
such + a / an + صفة: a very + صفة + اسم جدا
- It was a very wonderful view. (such)
It was such a wonderful view.
فاعل + فعل + such a / an + صفة + اسم + that + جملة: جدا لدرجة أن
- It was a very easy exam. We answered all questions. (such…. that)
- It was such an easy exam that we answered all questions.
جملة + so that حتى + فاعل + will / can / may + مصدر + ……
(فى حالة المضارع)
جملة + so that حتى + فاعل + would / could / might + مصدر + ……
(فى حالة الماضى)
جملة + in order to / so as to / to لكى + مصدر + ……
- He studies hard. He wants to get high marks. (so that / so as to)
He studies hard so that he can get high marks.
He studies hard so as to get high marks.
- He studied hard. He wanted to get high marks. (so that / in order to)
He studied hard so that he could get high marks.
He studied hard so as to get high marks.
by + وسيلة مواصلات:
(by train / by car / by taxi / by plane / by boat)
on + أداة / ضمير + وسيلة مواصلات:
(on a train / on the plane / on my bicycle / on the boat)
in + أداة / ضمير + car / taxi:
(in a car / in a taxi / in my car)
Tapescript, Reading & Critical thinking
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was born on April, 23rd, 1564, in Stratford in the Midlands of England. His father was a glove maker. William went to school when he was 7, but he had to leave at the age of 14 because his family had financial problems.
When he was 18, Shakespeare married a farmer’s daughter called Anne Heathway. William and Anne had three children. After that no one is sure what Shakespeare did but, in 1592, he left his family and went to London to become an actor.
Soon he started writing poems, and one of his longest poems, "Venus and Adonis”, was so successful that it made him famous. If he hadn’t found a patron at this time, he wouldn't have become a famous writer.
(4)
By 1594, Shakespeare was a well-known actor and writer who wrote and performed for a theatre group called The King's Men. Shakespeare had started writing in 1588 and, for the next 17 years, he wrote two plays a year. Many of these were performed at The Globe Theatre near to the River Thames in London. His five famous plays are probably Romeo and Juliet written in 1596, A Midsummer Night's Dream in 1596, Hamlet in 1601, King Lear in 1606 and Macbeth in 1606. Shakespeare part-owned The Globe Theatre, and made a lot of money from it. He had enough to buy a very large House in Stratford, and he retired there in 1611. Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616.
King Lear
Lear is the King of Britain. When he is old, he decides to give his country to his three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. But before he does this, he asks them to tell him how much they love him. Two of the daughters, Goneril and Regan, say they love him much more than they really do. The third daughter, Cordelia, does not say very much. She does not know how to describe her love for her father. Lear is angry with Cordelia, and gives all his money and land to Goneril and Regan. Cordelia is sent away and goes to live in France where she marries the king.
Old Lear soon discovers that he has made a terrible mistake. It is soon obvious to him that Goneril and Regan said that they loved him only so that they could have his money and his country. The truth is that they do not love their father at all. Lear wanders around the country with his last two good friends until they arrive in Dover.
Cordelia hears what has happened to her father. She comes to England with soldiers to try to save him and to take his country back from her two sisters. English soldiers arrive in Dover and beat the French. Cordelia and Lear are captured and taken to prison. Here, Cordelia tells her father how much she really loves him.
Questions & answers:
1- When and where was Shakespeare born?
- He was born on April, 23rd, 1564, in Stratford in the Midlands of England.
2- What was Shakespeare's father?
- He was a glove maker.
3- Why did Shakespeare have to leave school at the age of 14?
- Because his family had financial problems.
- Because his family didn't have much money.
4- Whom did Shakespeare marry at the age of 18?
- Anne Heathway
5- Why did Shakespeare leave his family and go to London in 1592?
- To become an actor.
(5)
6- Why did Shakespeare become famous?
- Because one of his longest poems, "Venus and Adonis”, was so successful.
7- What would have happened if Shakespeare hadn't found a patron at this time?
- He wouldn't have become a famous writer.
8- What did Shakespeare write and perform for?
- He wrote and performed for a theatre group called The King's Men.
9- Where were many of Shakespeare's plays performed?
- At the Globe Theatre near to the River Thames in London.
10- Name some of Shakespeare's famous plays.
- Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth.
11- How did Shakespeare make a lot of money?
- He part-owned The Globe Theatre, and made a lot of money from it.
12- What did Shakespeare buy in Stratford?
- He bought a large house.
13- Where and when did Shakespeare retire?
- He retired in Stratford in 1611.
14- When did Shakespeare die?
- On April 23rd, 1616.
15- What was unusual about the date on which Shakespeare was born and died?
- It was the same date, April 23rd.
16- What did King Lear decide to do when he was old?
- He decided to give his country to his three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia.
17- What did Shakespeare want to know before he gave his money and land to his daughters?
- He wanted to know how much they loved him.
18- What did Goneril and Regan tell Lear?
- They told him they loved him so much.
19- Which two of Lear's daughters did not tell their father the truth?
- Goneril and Regan.
20- Why do you think King Lear believed Goneril and Regan?
- Because they told him what he wanted to hear.
(6)
21- Why was King Lear angry with his daughter Cordelia?
- Because she couldn't say how much she loved him.
- Because she didn't know how to describe her love to him.
22- What did King Lear do to his daughter, Cordelia? Why?
- He didn't give her any of his money and land and sent her away to France because she didn't tell him how much she loved him.
23- Why didn't Lear give any of his money and land to Cordelia?
- Because she didn't tell him how much she loved him.
24- Who did Cordelia marry?
- The king of France.
25- What was the turning point in King Lear?
- Lear found out he had made a terrible mistake.
26- When did Lear discover that he had made a terrible mistake?
- Soon after he had given his two daughters his money and his land
27- How do you think Lear discovered he had made a terrible mistake?
- He saw that Goneril and Regan didn't really love him.
28- What did King Lear find out about Goneril and Regan?
- He found out that they loved him only so that they could have his money and his country and they did not love him at all.
29- Why do you think Lear wanders around the country?
- He probably doesn't want to live with the two dishonest daughters.
30- Why did Cordelia come back to England with French soldiers?
- She wanted to try to help her father and save him.
31- How did Cordelia try to help her father?
- She came back to England with French soldiers to try to save him and to take his country back from her two sisters.
32- Who puts Cordelia and Lear in prison? Why?
- The English soldiers who are working for Goneril and Regan because Cordelia and Lear were trying to take the power from them.
33- When did Cordelia tell her father how much she loved him?
- When they were captured and put into prison.
34- How do you think Cordelia feels when she hears what has happened to her father?
- She feels sad and sorry because she loves him.
35- "Cordelia should have left her father and not tried to save him." Do you agree? Why? Why not?
- No, because she must be kind to her father no matter what he does to her.
(7)
36- How do you think Lear feels when Cordelia tries to help him?
- He probably feels regretful and ashamed.
37- What does Lear realize in the end?
- He realizes that Cordelia really loves him more than his other two daughters.
38- How do you think Lear feels when he finds out how much Cordelia loves him?
- He feels ashamed, sorry, foolish and guilty.
39- What did Lear learn from his mistake?
- He learns that people can have feelings without talking about them.
40- What is the moral of King Lear story?
- People can have feelings without talking about them.
@ Choose the correct answer:
1- Last year Ali didn't (do-make-get-play) much money as he was still a student.
2- He (left-spent-lived-lent) on money from his parents when he got married.
3- Two soldiers were killed and the rest were (captured-got-put-kidnapped).
4- This is an easy question! The answer is (done-made-public-obvious).
5- I’m not good at (doing-working-playing-making) quick decisions.
6- Simon always (wins-beats-earns-gains) me at tennis.
7- A (patron-poet-performer-porter) is some one who supports or gives money to an organization or an artist.
8- In his maths test Mark didn't (do-work-make-take) any mistakes.
9- The date (at-in-by-on) which Shakespeare was born and died was unusual.
10- We spent the morning (wondering-wandering-visiting-paying) around the old part of the city.
11- What job would you like to (do-make-work-earn) when you leave university?
12- (An actor-A patron- An engineer- An interpreter) plays in films, on TV or in a theatre.
13- In 1611, Shakespeare left London and (resigned-retreated-tired-retired) to Stratford.
14- Try not to (do-make-get-play) any noise when you go into the library.
15- You can watch (films-plays-novels-matches) in a theatre.
16- Shakespeare wrote some great (games-quizzes-poems-novels).
17- What sports do you (make-get-do-spend)?
18- The children are (performing-writing-playing-making) in a famous play this afternoon.
19- Can I (make-do-get-play) a suggestion? Why don't you do your homework before you go out?
20- Let's (play-make-work-do) this quiz about animals.
21- Two trees fell down in the wind, but luckily they didn't (make-do-work-get) any damage.
22- Daniel Craig is the actor who (plays-makes-does-works) James Bond.
(8)
23- Without his rich (patron-performer-professional-actor) Shakespeare wouldn't have been a successful writer.
24- Shakespeare often (did-played-made-performed) in his own plays.
25- Shakespeare wrote plays (in-with-for-by) a theatre group called The King's Men.
@ Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- The house is very beautiful. (so)
2- This is a very interesting film. (such)
3- He came home early to see the children before they went to bed. (so that)
4- He owns a house by the Nile. (owner)
5- The play was so successful that all tickets were sold. (It was such…….)
Language Focus
The third conditional الحالة الثالثة
If + past perfect ماضى تام + would/could/might/should +have +p.p.
- If I had (I'd) left home on time, I would (I'd) have caught the school bus.
I would (I'd) have caught the school bus if I had (I'd) left home on time.
- If you hadn't gone to Italy, you wouldn't have met Mario.
You wouldn't have met Mario if you hadn't gone to Italy.
تستخدم الحالة الثالثة للتعبير عن تعبر مواقف مستحيلة الحدوث أو التغيير فى الماض أو مواقف كنا نتخيلها فى الماضى كما تعبر عن الندم.
- If I'd run faster, I'd have won the race.
= I didn't run faster so I didn't win.
- If you hadn’t gone to Italy, you wouldn’t have met Mario.
= You went to Italy and you met Mario.
لاحظ صيغة الاستفهام مع if
- What would you have done if you had won a lot of money?
يمكن أن نستخدم had بدلا من if و يليها فاعل ثم تصريف ثالث
- If he had played well, he would have won. (Had)
Had he played well, he would have won.
فى حالة وجود جملتين فى الماضى نستخدم الحالة الثالثة و نحول النفى إلى إثبات و العكس
1- He got up late, so he missed the train. (If)
If he hadn’t got up late, he wouldn’t have missed the train.
(9)
2- He didn’t have a map, therefore he was lost. (If)
If he had had a map, he wouldn’t have been lost.
3- He failed because he was lazy. (If)
If he hadn’t been lazy, he wouldn’t have failed.
4- He failed, as he didn’t work hard. (If)
If he had worked hard last year, he wouldn’t have failed the exam.
نضع الجملة التى تسبق so / therefore / that’s why بعد if كما فى المثالين 1,2
نضع الجملة التى تلى because / as بعد if كما فى المثالين 3,4
يمكن أن نستخدم unless بدلا من if و يأتى بعدها جملة مثبتة
- He worked hard, so he succeeded. (Unless)
Unless he had worked hard, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
لاحظ التعبيرات التالية.
If it hadn’t been for
Without + v.+ ing / noun + would have + pp
But for
- Without his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded. (If it ………)
If it hadn’t been for his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
@ Choose the correct answer:
1- I wouldn’t have reached this stage unless she (helped-had helped-was helping-would help) me.
2- If you (hadn’t spent-didn’t spend-don’t spend-wouldn’t spend) so long in the sun, you wouldn’t have got burnt.
3- If she hadn’t learned how to type, she (would have written-will write-wouldn’t have written-would write) so many books.
4- If he (has got up-got up-would get up-had got up) earlier, he would have caught the first plane.
5- He (wouldn't-won't-can't-may not) have gone to hospital if he hasn't been injured.
6- (If-Unless-Without-Had) his rich patron Shakespeare wouldn't have been a successful writer.
7- If he (studied-has studied-had studied-studies) hard, he would have succeeded.
8- (If-Unless-Without-Had) he had found a patron, he wouldn't have become a famous writer.
9- He would not have been so rich if he (hadn't been-wasn't-weren't-hasn't been) the part owner of a theatre.
10- If he hadn’t been very rich, he (will have been-wouldn’t have been-would have been-can't have been) able to buy a large house.
(10)
@ Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- They didn’t win the match because they played badly. (If)
2- He didn’t have an umbrella. Therefore, he got wet in the rain. (Had)
3- She lost her tennis match because she didn’t have enough practice. (If)
4- He didn’t work hard. Perhaps that’s why he failed. (If)
5- He went to school. He learned to read and write well. (If)
6- I wanted to come to see you, but I didn't know your address.
7- I didn't have your mobile number, so I couldn't phone you.
8- He forgot to write the time of the meeting, so he arrived an hour late. (If)
9- The flat was very expensive, so they didn't buy it. (Unless)
10- You didn't do very well in the test because you didn't do enough revision.(If)
11- She went to bed very late: That's why she was so tired this morning.
12- They played badly so they didn’t win. ( If)
13- His family had financial problems. He left school. (If)
(11)
Test
A) Language Functions
1- Finish the following dialogue:
Nadia is talking to her teacher of English:
Nadia : How can I improve my English?
Teacher: ………………………………………………………………………………. .
Nadia : It sounds good, but I don’t have time to do it.
Teacher: …………………………………………………………………………….. ?
Nadia : Because I have my subjects.
Teacher: How about during the summer holiday?
Nadia : ………………………………………………. . Thank you for your advice.
Teacher: …………………………………………………………………………. .
2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1- Your friend didn't study hard and he failed the exam.
2- You see an old woman carrying a heavy bag.
3- You don't like the novel you have read.
4- You ask your friend about his health.
B) Vocabulary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- If my watch ……………… been right, I wouldn't have been late.
a) has b) had c) hasn't d) hadn't
2- Can I ……………….. a suggestion? Why don't we go shopping tomorrow?
a) make b) get c) do d) play
3- If we hadn't gone to Spain for holiday, we ……………… have met Jorge and his family.
a) wouldn't b) didn't c) haven't d) can't
4- If they ………….. more careful, they wouldn't have had that bad accident.
a) had been b) has been c) were d) are
5- Your question was so easy to understand. The answer was very …………. .
a) obvious b) poisonous c) infected d) dangerous
6- I've just ………… that I forgot my wallet at home.
a) realized b) relaxed c) known d) reached
7- ……………… his hard work, he wouldn't have succeeded.
a) With b) If c) Unless d) Without
8- Shakespeare's father was a glove ……………………. .
a) performer b) maker c) patron d) actor
9- We all trust him because he always ……………….. the truth.
a) speaks b) says c) talks d) tells
10- When the train fell down, it didn't ………………… any damage .
a) make b) do c) work d) send
(12)
4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- My alarm clock stopped, so I didn't wake up at 6 o'clock. (If)
2- My uncle owns a very famous bookshop. (owner)
3- I got up late and missed the bus. (If)
4- He got low marks because he didn't study hard. (If)
5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:
William Shakespeare was born in 1564. His father was a (1) ………….. maker. He went to school when he was 7, but he had to leave at the age of 14 because his family had (2) ………………….. problems. When he was 18, Shakespeare (3)……………… Anne Heathway. In 1592, he left his family and went to London to become (4)………… actor. If he hadn’t found a (5)……………. at this time, he wouldn't have become a famous writer. He wrote and performed (6)……………………. a theatre group called The King's Men.
C) Read Comprehension and Set Books
6- Read the following passage , then answer the questions:
What determines يحدد the kind of home we live in? one of the things that strikes تجذب people who travel is that homes look different from one place to another. Yet, three factors عوامل - climate, available building materials and lifestyle أسلوب الحياة- usually decide يحدد the kind of housing a place will have.
People build homes that will protect them from bad weather and let them enjoy good weather. In very wet countries, homes are often built high off the ground to protect people from floods. Where the weather is very hot or very cold, people sometimes live underground. In places where the weather is mild, homes often have courtyards that are open to the sky. Some Middle East countries have homes with thick walls جدران سميكة that keep people warm in winter and cool in summer.
Homes are built from materials that are easily available, and sometimes these can be very unusual. In hot, dry places people often use mud to build homes because wood is hard to find. The Eskimos often live in temporary مؤقتة houses of snow when they go on hunting trips.
Perhaps people's lifestyles are more obvious in their houses. Most of us think of a home as a permanent دائم place, but the Bedouins who travel from one location to another often live in tents that they can carry with them.
Homes not only offer shelter, but are a key to the culture and way of life of people. For this reason, they have always fascinated historians.
A) Answer the following questions:
1- What surprises people who travel from place to place?
2- Where is it difficult to use wood in building a house?
3- What are the things which decide the kind of house?
4- Why are Eskimo houses made of snow?
(13)
B) Choose the correct answer:
5- People usually live underground in ………………….. places.
a) wet b) hot
c) high d) mild
6- The underlined word 'these' refers to ………………….. .
a) weather conditions b) people
c) countries d) building materials
7- A permanent place means ………………………………… .
a) a place for a long time b) a place for a short time
c) a lower place d) a higher place
7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:
1- What was the name of the threatre in London where people could see Shakespeare's plays?
2- What would have happened if Cordelia had said she loved her father?
3- Why did Shakespeare leave his family and go to London?
4- How do you think king Lear discovered that he had made a mistake?
5- Who did Cordelia marry?
6- What was the turning point in King Lear?
D) The Novel
A) Answer the following questions:
1- Why did the writer have to be friendly towards the newcomers?
2- How did the writer try to make the stranger speak?
3- How was the stranger able to rob the writer?
4- What did the stranger steal from the writer?
B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions:
"I'll tell you a strange thing about me – I never forget a face. The only trouble is ……."
a) Who was the speaker?
b) What was strange about the writer?
c) what was the speaker's trouble?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:
"The importance of learning foreign languages"
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic:
1- It is important to learn from your mistakes.
2- It is dangerous to drive without fastening your seat-belt.
B) Translate into English:
لا تدع الفشل يؤثر على أحلامك.
موضوع: شرح رائع للوحدة الثامنة انجليزى اولى ثانوى Unit 8 William Shakespeare 
!!تنبيه !!