شرح كامل للوحدة 6 لغة انجليزية الثالث الثانوى المرحلة الثانية

Unit 6: The Importance of Trees

Key Vocabulary

bark اللحاء products منتجات
harden يجعله صلبا rubber مطاط
ring حلقة sap عصارة
tube أنبوب toothpaste معجون أسنان
cardboard ورق مقوى / كرتون turpentine زيت يستخرج من شجر الصنوبر
instrument أداة calculate يحسب
extract يستخرج / يستخلص width عرض / اتساع

Vocabulary

cooking utensils أدوات الطهى thin رقيق / رفيع
fence سور remove يزيل
shed سقيفة shelter مأوى / ملجأ
firm صلب / حازم / شركة farms مزارع
stiff جامد / صلب heating التدفئة
object شئ trunk الجذع
pipe أنبوبة label
natural world العالم الطبيعى violin كمان
sequoia شجر طويل ينمو فى كاليفورنيا musical sounds أصوات موسيقية
leaves أوراق freeze يتجمد
protect يحمى flood يفيض / فيضان
roots جذور sandstorm عاصفة رملية
seeds بذور irrigate يروى
goats الماعز pick يقطف
calculate يحسب pink وردى
count يعد melt يذوب
caller المتصل تليفونيا breathe يتنفس
circle دائرة car tyre اطار السيارة
form يكون / يشكل nuts الجوز
cells خلايا chemicals مواد كيميائية
soft ناعم / أملس plastic بلاستيك
damage يدمر / دمار furniture الأثاث
branch فرع flat مسطح
fruit ثمرة / ثمار palm tree نخلة
(1)
regulations نظم dig يحفر
dates بلح soil تربة
coconuts جوز الهند fertilisers أسمدة
palm oil زيت النخيل stick عصا
rot يتعفن recharge يعيد شحن
container وعاء / اناء brush فرشاه
fuel وقود alternatives بدائل

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions

provide …… with يزود / يمد ...... بـ connected with مرتبط بـ
take in يمتص / يفهم / يخدع protect … from يحمى ... من
keep away from يبتعد عن in addition to بالاضافة الى
keep … away from يبعد ...... عن make a list يعد قائمة
cut trees down يقطع الأشجار good for مفيد لـ
refer to يشير الى loaded up with محمل بـ
drill into يحفر فى give out يخرج / يطلق
do damage to يسبب ضرر لـ set rules يحدد القواعد
depend on يعتمد على Break the rules يخالف القواعد
turn to يتحول الى give instructions يعطى تعليمات
go on يستمر فى carry out instructions ينفذ التعليمات
grow on trees ينمو على الأشجار a set of instructions مجموعة تعليمات
carry from … to ينقل من ... الى tie …… to يربط ... بـ
get better at يتحسن فى make sure يتأكد
leave out يستبعد make … out of يصنع ...... من
fall over يسقط along the side of the street على جانب الشارع

Antonyms كلمات و عكسها

Word الكلمة Antonym العكس
narrow ضيق wide واسع / عريض
soft ناعم / أملس hard صلب
dry جاف wet مبلل
freeze يتجمد melt يذوب
valuable قيم valueless بلا قيمة
advantages مميزات disadvantages عيوب
deep عميق shallow ضحل
sweet حلو bitter مر
popular شعبى / محبوب unpopular غير شعبى / غير محبوب

(2)
Derivatives المشتقات

Verb فعل Noun اسم Adjective صفة
harden يجعل صلبا hardness صلابة hard صلب
widen يوسع width اتساع / عرض wide واسع / عريض
strengthen يقوى strength قوة strong قوى
shorten يقصر shortness قصر short قصير
sharpen يبرى القلم sharpness حدة sharp حاد
lengthen يطول length طول long طويل
deepen يعمق depth عمق deep عميق

Noun phrasesعبارات اسمية

cardboard box صندوق من الكرتون paint remover مزيل الطلاء
global warming الاحتباس الحرارى sports equipment أجهزة رياضية
ice cream ايس كريم robber gloves قفاز من المطاط
musical instrument الة موسيقية

Definitionsتعريفات

bark the material that forms the surface of the wood of a tree
harden to become firm or stiff.
ring an object in the shape of a circle
tube a pipe that liquids or gases go through.
calculate to find out something or measure something by using numbers
extract to remove something
width the distance from one side of something to the other
cardboard very stiff thick paper, used especially for making boxes
instrument something such as a piano or violin used for producing musical sounds
products things that are made or grown to be sold
rubber A substance used for making tyres, boots, etc.
sap the liquid that carries food through plants and trees
Toothpaste معجون أسنان substance used for cleaning your teeth
Turpentine زيت
يستخلص من شجر الصنوبر a strong-smelling liquid used for removing paint

(3)
Confusable Words

climate المناخ (حالة الجو خلال فترة زمنية طويلة)
weather الطقس (حالة الجو خلال فترة زمنية قصيرة)
Ex: We are retiring to the Maldives because we like a sunny climate.
What’s the weather like this morning?

ground أرض (خارج المنزل)
floor أرضية (المنزل)
Soil تربة (تلقى فيها البذور)
Ex: There is a great hole in the ground behind my house.
The glass fell off the table and scattered يتناثر on the floor.
Some plants grow in a muddy soil.

made of مصنوع من (المادة المصنع منها الشئ لا تتغبر و نراها)
made from مصنوع من (المادة المصنع منها الشئ تتغير و لا نراها)
made in مصنوع فى (سنة / مكان)
made by مصنوع بواسطة (شخص أو دولة أو شركة)
Ex: She bought a bag made of leather.
Bread is made from flour.
This car was made in 2009.
This car was made in Italy.
This car was made by an Italian car company.

Language Notes

a piece of wood قطعة خشب لاحظ أن كلمة wood هى اسم لا يعد و لا يسبقه a و يمكن أن يسبق بـ a lot of / much / a piece of / some
Ex: I need some wood.
I need a piece of wood.

without + v. + ing بدون
Ex: He entered the house without being seen by anybody.

like + v. + ing يحب would like + to + مصدر يريد
Ex: I like playing tennis.
I would like to play tennis tonight.

manage to + مصدر يتمكن من Succeed in + v. + ing / اسم ينجح فى
Ex: He managed to cross the Nile.
He succeeded in crossing the Nile.
He succeeded in the driving test.
(4)
3 metres in height
5 inches in length
5 centimetres in depth لاحظ استخدام الاسم بعد حرف الجر in
3 metres high
5 inches long
5 centimetres deep وفي حالة عدم وجود حرف جر نستخدم الصفة


help + مفعول + to + مصدر يساعد فى
help + مفعول + مصدر يساعد فى
help + مفعول + with + اسم يساعد فى
Ex: My father helped me to do my homework.
My father helped me do my homework.
My father helped me with my homework.

@ Choose the correct answer:
1- My favourite musical (tool-equipment-player-instrument) is the piano.
2- The (leaves-roots-bark-branches) are the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water.
3- The hard outside part of a tree is called the (root-trunk-leave-bark).
4- (Leaves-Roots-Bark-Branches) are the flat green parts at the ends of the branches of a tree.
5- A (branch-trunk-bark-fruit) grows on a plant or tree and has seeds inside.
6- Every year, trees grow extra (rings-roots-fruit-leaves) of new wood.
7- Every year, the cells under the bark of a tree (soften-weaken-harden-deepen) and become new wood.
8- This road is too narrow for all today's traffic, so they are going to (shorten-sharpen-harden-widen) it.
9- That old bridge over the river is very weak. They will have to (lengthen-strengthen-narrow-weaken) it soon.
10- My new trousers are too long, so my mother is going to (broaden-widen-deepen-shorten) them for me.
11- The knife doesn't cut very well. I need to (weaken-sharpen-harden-widen) it.
12- That film is so popular that the queues to see it (widen-strengthen-lengthen-long) every day.
13- (Soup-Cap-Sap-Tap) is the liquid that carries food in trees.
14- We can use (turpentine-turbine-torpidity-turbot) to remove paint.
15- Many boxes are made of (cartage-cardboard-cardinal-cards).
16- Car tyres and the bottoms of some shoes are made of (rubber-wood-cardboard-sap).
17- People put (toothpaste-cream-tablets-pills) on their brush to clean their teeth.
18- The world’s tallest tree is nearly 84 meters (tall-deep-wide-old).
19- (Seeds-Tubes-Branches-Barks) carry water from the roots to the leaves.
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20- Goats and other animals can kill trees by damaging the (bark-shark-mark-park).
21- When a thin piece of wood is removed from a tree, little damage is (made-done-worked-taken) to the tree.
22- She used rubber (doves-clubs-gloves-cups) to protect her hands from chemicals.
23- She has a lot of sports (equipment-styles-techniques-ways) in her house.
24- (National-Global-International-Universal) warming is a problem that affects every country in the world.
25- He used a paint (remove-removal-removing-remover) to clean his shirt.
26- The (leaf-truck-bark-trunk) protects the living part of the tree.
27- Egypt exports a lot of (conducts-instructs-deducts-products) to other countries.
28- The garden is 20 metres in (wide-widen-width-the wide).
29- Wheat grows well on fertile (ground-floor-sail-soil).
30- Cutting (in-of-away-down) trees causes damage to the environment.
31- We should plant more trees (along-beneath-off-above) the sides of streets.
32- Five trees fell (on-over-to-in) in the storm.
33- You have to obey all the (roles-reels-rails-rules) and regulations.
34- The (weather-climate-atmosphere-sky) was so cold yesterday, so we didn't go out.
35- In addition (for-with-to-of) cooking for 20 people, she did all the washing up.
36- They (drilled-pulled-called-felled) into the tree and extracted a thin piece of wood.
37- The (width-health-wealth-filth) of the rings of trees depend on the climate and the amount of rain.
38- Most trees (die-live-grow-reach) bigger every year.
39- In every tree, there is a circle of soft cells which (harden-drop-stay-go) every spring or summer.
40- The (tapes-tunnels-tubes-channels) carry water from a tree's roots to its leaves.
41- The (root-trunk-fruit-bark) is part of the tree which is underground.
42- The (root-trunk-fruit-bark) is the strongest part of the tree.
43- Trees provide us (for-with-by-of) many useful things from rubber to medicines.
44- The (roots-barks-branches-fruits) grow out from the trunk and support the leaves.
45- (Leaves-Barks-Roots-Branches) fall from some trees in autumn.
46- The oil which is (contracted-extracted-excavated-included) from olives is used for cooking.
47- It is important to keep animals (away-out-off-on) from young trees.
48- The trunk forms a new (hole-band-border-ring) of wood every year.
49- The age of the tree can be calculated by counting the (rings-holes-wells-scares).
50- The (length-width-height-depth) of a ring indicates whether there was drought or rainfall in a particular area.


(6)
@ Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Trees help the earth to breathing.
2- Trees protect us from global warm.
3- Trees give us valuable chemistry.
4- Sap can be used to make rub.
5- They excrete wood from trees.
6- The trunk forms a new circle of wood every year.
7- Millions of trees are cut out every year.
8- Wood is good for making musical machines.
9- We make paper out from wood from trees.
10- We can use wood as a fool for cooking and heating.
11- Wood produces can be turned into paper and cardboard.
12- My hands hardness when I was working on the farm.
13- Every year soft shells below the bark of a tree form new wood.
14- The more rain there is in a year, the narrower the tree rings are,
15- Turpentine is used as a paint mover.
16- What’s the climate like today?
17- The Great Pyramid is 150 metres in high.
18- The roots take out water from the earth for the tree.
19- A tub is a pipe that liquids or gases go through.
20- I’d like buying a new mobile.

@ Translate into English:
1- Trees provide us with food, medicine, clothing and tools. They also provide shelter for people, animals and other plants. They help supply يمد oxygen and refresh the air we breathe.
2- Trees provide us beautiful scenery, beautify our surroundings and purify our air. They act as sound barriers and so reduce noise pollution. They help us save energy through their cooling shade in summer and their wind reduction in winter.
3- Trees are very valuable. They reduce the devastating effects of flooding. They provide nutrients and shelter for a variety of organisms. They protect the world’s climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen.

@ Translate into English:
1- ان البلاستيك ضاربالبيئة اذ يسبب التلوث عندما يحرق.
2- يعتقد بعض الناس أن الأشجار تحمى العالم من الاحتباس الحرارى.
3- تمدنا الأشجار بمواد البناء و الوقود و المطاط و الفحم.
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Language Focus

The Zero Conditional
الحالة الصفرية

 تستخدم هذه الحالة للتعبير عن المواقف التى تكون صحيحة دائما مثل قوانين الطبيعة و الفيزياء و الكيمياء و الفلك……. الخ.

If + present simple مضارع بسيط present simple مضارع بسيط


- If plants don’t get enough water, they die.
- If you water plants, they grow.
- You read more quickly if you find a book interesting.
- If you heat ice, it melts.
 لاحظ انه يفضل استخدام المبنى للمجهول للتعبير عن الحقائق العلمية.
- If water is heated to 100° c, it boils.

The first conditional الحالة الأولى

If / Unless + present simpleمضارع بسيط will / shall + inf.

 تعبر الحالة الأولى عن أحداث محتملة فى المستقبل.
- If it rains, we’ll get wet.
- We’ll see the whole match if we leave now.
- If she works hard, she will pass the test.
- Unless he works hard, he won’t succeed.
 كما تعبر الحالة الأولى عن احتمال حقيقى فى المضارع.
- If you’re hot, I’ll buy you a cool drink.
 يمكن استخدام can / may بدلا من will
- If we have enough time, we can visit Ahmed.
 يمكن أن يكون جواب الشرط أمر أو طلب.
- If you see Asmaa, give her a message for me, please.
 لاحظ صيغة السؤال مع if
- What will you do if you win a lot of money?
 يمكن أن نستخدم should بدلا من if و يليها فاعل ثم مصدر
- Should he have enough money, he will buy a car.

@ Choose the correct answer:
1- If a tree (have-had-will have-has) deep roots, it won't fall over in strong winds.
2- If the bark of a tree is badly damaged, the tree (died-is dying-would die-dies).
3- If you (picked-will pick-had picked-pick) those apples now, they won't taste very sweet.
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4- If water freezes, it (will turn-turns-would turn-turned) into ice.
5- If there (isn't-weren't-hadn't been-wasn't) any rain, fields get dry.
6- If the fields (gets-will get-had got-get) very dry this summer, I will irrigate them.
7- If we leave now, we (catch-will catch-would catch-might have caught) the train.
8- If it (is-was-are-had been) a dry year, the rings of the tree are narrower.
9- If it (has rained-will rain-had rained-rains), our plants will grow well.
10- If people (don't get-won't get-hadn't got-wouldn't get) enough food, they become ill.
11- If it rains for much longer, the river (will flood-is flooding-has flooded-flood).
12- If you heat ice, it (is melting-melted-melts-would melt).
13- If we (had-have-will have-could have) enough time, we’ll visit Ahmed.
14- If it rains tomorrow, we (will stay-stayed-say-might stay) at home.
15- If she doesn’t practise well, she (didn’t-wouldn’t-couldn’t-won’t play) the piano.
16- If you take this medicine, you (might-may-would-could) get better.
17- If you (didn’t take-hadn’t taken-wouldn’t take-don’t take) this medicine you won’t get better.
18- If I (earned-earn-could earn-had earned) some money, I’ll go abroad.
19- If you’re hot, I (will buy-might buy-bought-would buy) you a cool drink.
20- If you heat water, it (will change-changed-changes-would change) into steam.

@ Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- If it will rain, we will get wet.
2- If you leave now, you catch your train.
3- Water will freeze if the temperature is zero or below.
4- If you throw that stone, you break a window.
5- I get a headache if I use the computer for too long.
6- If she trains hard, she wins next week’s race.
7- If you’ll mix red and white, you get pink.
8- If you will water plants regularly they grow well.
9- If you heat water to 100 º C it will boil.
10- If you will eat an apple every day, you'll be very healthy.
11- She looks completely different if she cuts her hair.
12- You get heart disease if you eat too much meat.
13- You don’t pass the course if you don’t study.
14- If I cook some eggs, how many did you eat?
15- If you do not study, you would fail the test.
16- If you look in the fridge, you would find some cold drinks.
17- If there was no oil in the engine, the car will break down.
18- I will lend you my umbrella if you will need it.
19- The sea level would rise if the planet gets hotter.
20- You be safe in an accident if you wear your seatbelt.

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Language Functions

Asking for instructions
طلب تعليمات Giving instructions
اعطاء تعليمات
How can I operate this coffee machine? First switch it on, then press اضغط على the red button.
Can you show me how to use this vacuum cleaner? First, connect it to the electricity supply. After that, press the red button
Can you tell me how to make tea the English way? First, boil some water. Then, put some tea into the put. Finally, pour the boiling water on the tea.

@ Respond to each of the following situations:
1- You ask your friend to show you how to log onto the internet.
2- You want to make tea the English way. You ask your friend what you should do.
3- You ask the policeman for instructions to get to the bus station.
4- Your friend asks you to show him how to make tea.

(14)
Test 6 (Unit 6 & Chapters 3)

A) Language Functions

1- Respond to each of the following situations:
1- You want to make tea the English way. Ask your friend for advice.
2- You ask your mother for instructions to operate the vacuum cleaner.
3- You are asked how to make tea. Give instructions
4- You are asked how to operate the coffee machine.

2- Mention the place, the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues:
1- A: Could you show me how to make a cup Place:
of tea? Speaker A:
B: First put a spoonful of tea in a cup. Then Speaker B:
Add boiling water and sugar and stir it. Function

2- A: Passport and tickets, please. Place:
B: Here you are. Speaker A:
A: Have a safe trip. Speaker B:
B: Thank you. Function:

B) Vocabulary and Structure

3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Our favourite musical ………………. is the piano
a) play b) instrument c) equipment d) device
2- I collect postcards which I keep in a ……………… box.
a) paper b) card c) cardboard d) wood
3- The river can be used by many ships because of its ………………… .
a) wide b) width c) widening d) widened
4- We can tell the age of a tree by counting the rings in the (---).
a) leaf b bark c) truck d) trunk
5- Scientists tell the age of a tree by ……………… the rings in the trunk.
a) calculating b) counting c) adding d) widening
6- The function of the ……………… is to hold the tree in the ground.
a) seed b) root c) trunk d) leave
7- The …………… is the hard outside part of a tree.
a) branch b) root c) bark d) trunk
8- …………… is the liquid that carries food in trees.
a) sap b) soup c) soap d) oil
9- If water …………… to 100° c, it boils.
a) will heat b) is heated c) heats d) has heated
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10- If you work hard, you …………………… well in the test.
a) would do b) could do c) might do d) will do
11- If she …………………hard, she will win next week's race.
a) trains b) will train c) trained d) had trained
12- If I …………… for too long, I get a headache.
a) will read b) had read c) would read d) read
13- Your train leaves in ten minutes. If you hurry, you …………… it.
a) are catching b) would catch c) will catch d) catch
14- If I am thirsty, I …………………. Water.
a) will drink b) would drink c) am drinking d) drank
15- If I have any free time tomorrow, I …………….. for a walk in the park.
a) went b) go c) ‘d go d) ‘ll go
16- …………………… you work harder, you’ll fail your exam.
a) If b) Unless c) When d) As

4-Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly:
1- The table is two metres in long.
2- If you heat water, it melts.
3- The knife doesn't cut very well. I need to sharp it.
4- I read if there will be nothing on TV.
5- If you will freeze water, it turns to ice.
6- If you will call me, I will give you the address.

C) Reading

5-Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Doctors do not always know what causes high blood pressure medically called hypertension. But we know a few things about this disease. For example, men’s hypertension rates are much greater than women's. Besides the disease usually begins in middle or old age and it sometimes runs in families.
Many people have high blood pressure without knowing it because there are usually no obvious symptoms. If you want to know if "you have blood pressure, you have to ask your doctor to check it for you.
If you have high blood pressure, you have to look for a solution. If you are heavy, losing weight can sometimes help. Some people's blood pressure goes down when they give up salt. Others can improve by learning how to relax and make the fullest use of the right kind of exercise. Fortunately, it is possible to control high blood pressure today with proper medicine. High blood pressure can lead to serious problems such as heart diseases, so it is very important to control it.
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A) Answer the following Questions:
1- What should a person do to keep his blood pressure normal?
2- Why is it very important to control high blood pressure?
3- Which sex is higher in hypertension rates male or female?

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
4- Hypertension requires ...............salt in food.
a) more b) less c) most d) much
5-The underlined pronoun “it” means ………………………
a) a disease b) blood c) pressure d) hypertension

6-Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Perhaps because of their constant دائمpresence وجود, most of us rarely think of the importance of trees in our lives. We may take them for granted, or see them as mere decorations. Trees, however, benefit our environment and provide us medicines. They provide shade in summer and shelter in winter. In fact, trees planted around our homes help reduce heating and cooling costs. During summer, trees can block تحجب the sun and have a refrigerating تبريد effect on us and our homes, and during the winter months, trees can keep us warmer by protecting us from wind and snow. Trees absorb يمتص harmful chemicals such as carbon monoxide and in turn give off oxygen. As well, they filter ترشح and trap تحجب pollutants مواد ملوثة such as smoke, dust, and ash رماد making our air cleaner.
Apple, pear كمثرى, and orange trees are just a few of the types of trees that provide us with nourishment تغذية. In addition to food, trees are also a constant source of medicine for the human race. For centuries the Chinese have used tea made from ginkgo seeds بذور الجنكة as a cure for كعلاج لـ respiratory التنفس illnesses, such as asthma الربو. In more modern times, ginkgo leaf extract has been used as a treatment for Alzheimer and depression. The Native Americans use Aspen الحور الرجراج bark for reducing fever and fighting influenza.

A) Give short answers to the following questions:
1- Trees provide us with shade in summer and shelter in winter. Explain.
2- How do trees reduce air pollution?
3- Mention some types of trees that provide us with nourishment?

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
4- Most of us rarely think of the importance of trees in our lives because……….
a) we always see trees b) we rarely see trees
c) we hardly see trees d) there are no trees
5-The Native Americans use ………. for reducing fever and fighting influenza.
a) ginkgo seeds b) the tea tree
c) Aspen bark d) orange trees

(13)
The Mask of Gold

7-A) Answer the following questions:
1- Which civilization is superior: the Inca or the ancient Egyptian? Why?
2- Why did the Incas and the Ancient Egyptians put food and drink beside the bodies of their dead kings and queens?

B) Read the following quotation and answer the questions:
“Did you have a good flight?”
1- Who said these words to whom?
2- What were the speaker’s feelings towards the addressed person?

C) Complete the following sentences:
1- Martin Lander used to work for…………………………………………………………
2- Machu Picchu was …………………………………………………………………………..

D) Writing

8-Write a paragraph of about 100 words on:
The importance of trees

9- A) Translate into Arabic:
Nothing is more ugly than a street without trees. Trees give us shade and green colour makes us feel at ease. They also purify the air as they give off oxygen by day. That's why we should do our best to spread the green colour all over our cities.

B) Translate into English:
1- يجب على الحكومة تشجيع مواطنيها على زرع شجرة أو اثنتين فى أراضيهم.
2- علينا أن نتعامل بجدية مع ورد النيل الذى يمتص كميات هائلة من المياه.