الوحدة 11 انجليزى 2ث رووووووعه

ashore
remote
whaling
continent
determined
ram (v.)
ahead
above
remote control
seriousness
sin / sank / sunk
destroy
hunt
offer
date
row
stage
humans
whale
boredom
adventurous (adj.)
navy ship
in his mid twenties

islanders
strange
poems
sailor
be disappointed
storyteller
float
message
ambitious (adj.)
sound (v./n.)
reviewer
character
definitely
painting
unfortunately
recommendation
consequences
alternative routes
stubborn
blubber
extinct
marine life
ecologically friendly
environmentally friendly
multimedia room إلي الشاطئ
بعيد / نائي
صيد الحيتان
قارة
مصمم / عازم
يصطدم بشدة بـ
أمام
فوق
جهاز تحكم عن بعد
جدية / خطورة
يغوص / يغرق
يدمر
يطارد بغرض الصيد
يقدم / يعرض
تاريخ
يجدف
مرحلة
البشر
حوت
الملل
مغامر
سفينة تابعة للبحرية
في منتصف العشرينات من العمر
سكان الجزر
غريب
قصائد
بحار
يشعر بخيبة الأمل
راوي القصة
يطفو
رسالة
طموح
يبدو – صوت
ناقد أدبي
شخصية
بالتأكيد
لوحة
لسوء الحظ
توصية
نتائج
طرق بديلة
عنيد
شحم الحوت
منقرض
الحياة البحرية
صديق للبيئة
صديق للبيئة

غرفة مناهل المعرفة primitive
serious
armed
purpose
harpoon

whenever
abroad
aboard

remoteness(n)
drown
attack
catch / caught / caught
give / gave / given
crew
scene

motorised boat
development
humanity
distance
adventure
adventurer (n.)
whaling ship
island
the pacific ocean
collection
a serious problem
sandcastle
spear
gold coin
rescue = save
ambition (n.)
hurt
critic
details
Incredible (adj.)
cave
foreign country
force
actions
balance
get revenge
intelligent
candles
extinction
ecology
vacuum cleaner بدائي
جاد / خطير
مسلح
غرض
نوع من الرماح لصيد الحيتان
في أي وقت
الخارج
علي متن سفينة أو طائرة
بُعد
يغرق
يهاجم / هجوم
يصيد / يمسك

يعطي
طاقم الطائرة أو السفينة
مشهد / مكان حدوث شيء
قارب يعمل بمحرك
تطور / نمو / تنمية
البشرية
مسافة
مغامرة
مغامر
سفينة لصيد الحيتان
جزيرة
المحيط الهادي
مجموعة
مشكلة خطيرة
قلعة من الرمال
رمح
عملة ذهبية
ينقذ
الطموح
يؤذي
ناقد
تفاصيل
لا يُصدق
كهف
دولة أجنبية
قوة / يُجبر
أفعال
توازن
يثأر / ينتقم
ذكي
شموع
الانقراض
علم البيئة
مكنسة كهربائية


• Prepositions:
a sailor on a ship بحار علي سفينة live on an island يعيش على جزيرة
come out يصدر(للكتب) work on a farm يعمل في مزرعة
by accident بالصدفة at the beginning في البداية
at first أولا at last أخيرا
be bored with يشعر بالملل من look for = search for يبحث عن
he was born into a rich family ولد في أسرة غنية at the time of his death في وقت وفاته
life at sea الحياة في البحر at the age of في سن
fall to his death يسقط ميتا send off يطرد (لاعب)
send off يرسل بالبريد hold onto يتشبث بـ
pull out يسحب pull up يتوقف
on his last voyage في رحلته الأخيرة بالسفينة ready to+inf. مستعد لـ
armed with مسلح بـ at the weekend في نهاية الأسبوع
crash into يصطدم بـ collide with يصطدم بـ
essential to ضروري / أساسي لـ lend someone a hand يساعد شخص
work on a novel يعمل في تأليف رواية ready for+n. مستعد لـ

• Derivatives:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
seriousness
جدية / خطورة serious
جاد / خطير seriously
بطريقة جادة أو خطيرة
arm يسلح army جيش
arms أسلحة armed مسلح
determine يصــمد / يحدد determination
تصميم / تحديد determined
مصمم / عازم
destroy يدمر destruction تدمير destructive مدمر destructively بشكل مدمر
• Important Vocabulary for translation and composition:
take all possible measures يتخذ كل الإجراءات الممكنة imminent danger خطر وشيك
disturb the balance of nature يؤدي إلي خلل في توازن الطبيعة conserving/preserving the environment الحفاظ علي البيئة
sources مصادر nuclear waste نفايات نووية
industrial processes عمليات صناعية hazards أخطار /مخاطر
deforestation إزالة الغابات desertification التصحـر
preventive measures إجراءات وقائية weather conditions الظروف الجوية
coastal ساحلي aquatic مائي
 offer / give:
offer: يعرض / يقدم
1- She was offered a job in Paris.
2- Can I offer you a drink?
give: يعطى / يمنح
* He gave me a nice present.
*****************************
 catch / hunt:
catch: يصيد / يمسك
1- He went to the sea to catch fish.
2- The police ran after the thief and caught him at the end of the street.
hunt: يطارد بغرض الصيد
* They hunted the deer for 5 hours before they could finally catch it.
*****************************
 advise / recommend:
advise: ينصح
1- My father advised me to study hard.
2- My doctor advised me not to smoke.
recommend + اسم / v. + ing: ينصح / يرشح / يوصى بــ / يثنى على
1- He recommended (advised) me to buy one of these radios.
2- He recommended me a good book to read.
3- My uncle recommended me for a job in the bank.
4- I recommend spending the weekend in Luxor.
*****************************
 try
يحاول try
try + to + مصدر : يحاول عمل شئ و غالبا لا ينجح
* He tried to climb the tree but he couldn't.
= He failed to climb the tree.
try + v. + ing : يحاول عمل شئ و غالبا ينجح / يقوم بعمل شئ ليرى نتيجته
1- He tried climbing the tree and he did it.
= He succeeded in climbing the tree.
2- A: I have a bad headache.
B: Try taking an aspirin.
= Take an aspirin and see the result.
*****************************
 be determined to: يكون مصمما على / يكون عازما على
* He was determined to travel abroad.
*****************************
 remote (adj.) (remoter / remotest): بعيد / نائي
* Some primitive people still live in the remotest parts of Africa.
I haven't the remotest idea. ليس لدي أدني فكرة in the remote past في الماضي البعيد
in the remote future في المستقبل البعيد in the near future في المستقبل القريب
*****************************
 shore / ashore / coast / beach / bank:
coast (تستخدم عند الإشارة إلى موقع بالنسبة للخريطة) ساحل
1- The ship sank three miles off the French coast.
2- There is rain over the whole of the west coast of Britain.
beach البلاج (جزء من الشاطئ يستمتع فيه الناس بقضاء الإجازة)
* We spent a very nice time on the beach.
shore الشاطئ
* The shores of the Mediterranean have a population of more than 120 million people.
ashore إلي الشاطئ
* When the boat reached the port, we went ashore.
bank ضفــة النهر أو البحيرة
* Most Egyptians live on the Nile banks.
*****************************
 sink / drown:
sink يغرق / يُغرق (عادة للسفن و القوارب)
1- The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean.
2- The big blue whale sank the fishing boat.
sink يقل / ينخفض
* The Egyptian pound has sunk to its lowest level against the dollar.
انخفض الجنيه المصري إلي أدني مستوي له في مقابل الدولار
drown يغرق (عادة للأشخاص)
* Two boys drowned while they were swimming.
*****************************
 whenever = every time or any timeحينما / عندما
1- Whenever she comes, she brings us some presents.
2- I can meet you whenever you like.
 whoever = the person who or any personاى شخص/ أيا كان
* Whoever pollutes the environment should be punished.
 wherever = to any place or every placeأينما / حيثما
* Wherever he goes, he makes friends.
 whatever = anything or everythingاى شيء
* You can eat whatever you like.
*****************************
لاحظ استخدام المقطع multi- بمعني متعدد مع كلمات معينة مثل :

multinational
multipurpose
multimedia متعدد الجنسيات
متعدد الأغراض
وسائط متعددة multicultural
multidimensional
multilingual متعدد الثقافات
متعدد الأبعاد
متعدد اللغات
*****************************
 matter:
matter (v.) يهم
1- Does it matter if I come late?
2- It doesn't matter to me what you do.
matter (n.) أمر / مشكلة / مسألة
* What's the matter with you? = What's wrong with you? What's the problem with you?
It's a matter of life and death. مسألة حياة أو موت
As a matter of fact, … في الواقع / في الحقيقة
It's a matter of time. إنها مسألة وقت
*****************************
 purpose – aim – intention – plan:
purpose غرض
* Our compaign's main purpose is to raise money for charity.
aim هدف
* Our main aim is to increase our exports to Europe.
intention نية ـ قصد
* I have no intention to go to the party.
plan خطة ( ما قررت عمله وترتيبه )
* There is no plan to build new metro stations.
*****************************
 hero – champion:
hero بطل ( محارب بارز ـ تاريخى ـ فى فيلم ـ مسرحية ـ شخص محبوب لإنجازاته )
1- El Sadat was 6th of October war hero.
2- The hero of the novel is a ten-yeae old boy.
champion بطل ( رياضى ـ المدافع عن شخصية أو قضية ـ مقاتل )
1- He was a champion of the poor all his life.
2- He was a champion in squash.

الماضى التـام :ـ هـو فعــل حدث واكتمـل فى الماضـى ويتكـون من had + pp
1- She had cooked lunch 3- I had studied English.
2- She had won the cup. 4- He had finished work.

الكلمـات الـدالـة عليـه :ـ
after – before – till – until – when - as soon as - the moment - by - no sooner .. than

* After I had done my homework, I watched TV .

( After = Having )
After (اسـم ) or ( v + ing ) ماضى بسـيـط
Having pp التصريـف الثالث ماضى بسـيـط

1- After doing my homework, I watched TV . ( Having )
* Having done my homework, I watched TV .

2- First he played, then he washed . ( After )

* After he had played, he washed . ( Having )
* Having played, he washed .
( Before )
ماضى تــام before ماضى بسـيـط

1- I did my homework. I went to bed . ( before )
* I had done my homework before I went to bed.

* Before I went to bed, I had done my homework.

 هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ــ
or ( v + ing ) ( اسـم ) before ماضى تــام


* I had done my homework before going to bed .
* Before going to bed, I had done my homework.



( till – until )
ماضى بسيط غالبا منفى till – until ماضى تــام

1- I went to bed. I did my homework. ( until )

* I didn't go to bed till ( until ) I had done my homework .
It was only when ماضى تــام ماضى بسيـط
1- I didn't go to bed till ( until ) I had done my homework .( It was only )
* It was only when I had done my homework, I went to bed.

 هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ـ
ماضى بسيط غالبا منفى till – until (اسـم ) or ( v + ing )

* I didn't go to bed till ( until ) doing my homework .
( As soon as - immediately )
As soon as ماضى تــام مـاضى بسيـط

I went out. I met my friend. ( As soon as )

1- As soon as I had gone out, I met my friend. ( Immediately )
* Immediately on going out, I met my friend.
 هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ـ

ماضى بسيـط ) or ( v + ing ( اسـم ) Immediately on

( When )
When ماضى تـام ماضى بسيــط


I had finished work. I left the office. ( When )

* When I had finished work, I left the office. ( On )
 هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ـ
ماضى بسيــط ) or ( v + ing ( اسـم ) On

* On finishing work, I left the office.

The moment ماضى تـام ماضى بسيــط

I had finished work. I left the office. ( The moment )

* The moment I had finished work, I left the office.
By ماضى بسـيـط ماضى تــام
By فتـرة زمنيـة ماضى تــام

1- I arrived the cinema. The film had started. ( By )

* By the time I arrived the cinema, the film had started.

2- By the year 1990, I had learnt English.
No sooner
than

Scarcely
مـاضى تـــام when
مـاضى بسـيــط

Hardly when
Only just when

 هـذه الكلمـات لـهـا طـريقتـان فـى الربـط :ـ
1) فى أول الجمــلة تكـــون على صيغـــة استفهــام .
2) بعـــد الفاعـــل تكـــون الجمــلة خبـريــة .
1- He arrived at the station. The train left. ( No sooner )

* No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train left.

* He had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.

 هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ـ
Immediately after اسـم )) or ( v + ing ( مـاضى بسيـط

* Immediately after his arrival at the station, the train left.
ويتكون من:
Had been + V+ing

•ويستخدم الماضي التام المستمر ليعبر عن حدث استمر لفترة في الماضي قبل وقوع حدث آخر ويستخدم عادة مع when/since / for/ all day / all weekend

•ويأتي عادة مع أفعال يمكن أن تستغرق فترة طويلة مثل wait / do / study / live / work / stay / play / watch / sleep / paint / read / write / talk / run / walk / travel, ..etc
1-When I arrived home, he had been cleaning the room for two hours.
2- They had been waiting for an hour before the train arrived.
3- What had he been doing when the accident happened?
4- There were floods because it had been raining for three days.
5- He was tired because he had been working since dawn.
6- He was covered in paint. He had been painting the room since we left.
7- Our game of tennis was interrupted. We had been playing for an hour when it started to rain.

•لاحظ أن هناك أفعال لا تستخدم في الأزمنة المستمرة عموما ومنها الماضي التام المستمر (راجع الوحدة الأولي):
* We were good friends. We had known each other for 10 years.
ومن الخطأ استخدام الماضي التام المستمر في الجملة السابقة.

•كما لا يستخدم الماضي التام المستمر مع الأفعال التي لا تستغرق عادة فترة طويلة في حدوثها مثل break down / stop / close / open/ end / finish وفي هذه الحالة نستخدم الماضي التام:
* She was late for the meeting because her car had broken down.

•إذا ذكرنا مرات حدوث الفعل لا يستخدم الماضي التام المستمر بل نستخدم الماضي التام:
* When I met Ahmed, he had finished typing 3 reports.

• Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
1- Choose the correct answer:
1. A ……………. is a sharp metal used for hunting whales.
2. ( honeymoon – balloon – harpoon – cartoon )
3. A ……………….. is what you want to achieve when you do something.
4. ( purpose – propose – dispose – compose )
5. To ………………….. means to crash into something with great force.
6. ( jam – gram – ram – dam )
7. A ………………….. means the people that work together on a ship or a plane.
8. ( clue – crow – blue – crew )
9. "He is ………… to do it" means that he wants to do something without let anything stop him.
10. ( determined – underlined – examined – hesitant )
11. ………………………. is the activity of hunting whales.
12. ( Weeping – Creeping – Whaling – Bleeding )
13. This book is ……………….. . It's not funny.
14. ( furious – serious – cautious – curious )
15. The word ……………………… means very simple or old-fashioned.
16. ( effective – deceptive - primitive – aggressive )
17. This place is……………………. This means that it is far away from other places.
18. ( neighbouring – remote – overlooking – close )
19. ……………………. means onto land by the side of the sea.
20. (Shore – Bank – Ashore – Coast )
21. In the storm, the ship ………………………… and two people drowned.
22. ( sank –sat – shrank – held )
23. The sailors ……………………. their ship and went ashore in a small boat.
24. ( left – went – boarded – headed )
25. The elephant …………………………. the hunters and completely destroyed their car.
26. ( attached – attended – attempted – attacke d)
27. They …………………….. the lion for three days and finally caught it while it was
28. sleeping.
29. ( hunted – caught – held – touched )
30. He ………………………. a gold coin to the first sailor to see Moby Dick.
31. ( pretended - offered – intended – denied )
32. He has no idea of the ……………………………. of the situation.
33. ( seriousness – carefulness – carelessness – awareness )
34. The …………………….. of my friend's village made me hesitate to visit him.
35. ( richness – roughness - remoteness – closeness )
36. Three …………………….. men broke into the bank to rob it.
37. ( harmed - armed – alarmed – reformed )
38. You can come to visit me …………………….. you like.
39. ( whatever – wherever – whenever – whoever )
40. The passengers were asked to …………………. the plane immediately.
41. ( broad – abroad – broaden – board )

• Exercise on grammar:
1- Choose the correct answer:
1. When Ali went to university, he (had been studying – has been studying – studies – was studying) English for ten years.
2. I was tired yesterday morning because I (was reading - had been reading – have been reading – read) until late the night before.
3. By the time I went to sleep, I (have read – had been reading - had read – reading)
a hundred pages.
4. The manager decided to change the date of the conference, even though she (had been sending – has been sending – has already sent - had already sent) out 20 invitations.
5. Unfortunately, even though he (had been training – has been training – has trained – was training) for six months, Ali didn't win the race.
6. We (are thinking – think – will think - had been thinking) about staying in Alexandria for our holiday, but finally decided to go to the Red Sea, even though we (had gone – would go – are going – go) there twice already.
7. My friend and I (had been talking – talk – will be talking – are talking) for more than an hour before I put the phone down.
8. Ali wasn't feeling well yesterday. He (studies – has studied - had been studying – has been studying) hard all weekend. He had been trying to finish an essay the teacher had given him last week.
9. By the time he arrived at the station, the train (had left – leaves – was leaving – was left), so he missed it.
10. When I met her, she (already reads – has already read – had already read – was being read) two short stories.
11. When his novel Moby Dick came out in 1851, Melville (had written – had been writing – wrote – has written) for five years.
12. When I arrived at the airport, my plane (had just taken off – has just taken off – will just take off – just takes off).
13. They (weren't – didn't – couldn't – wouldn't) released until they had paid the bail. كفالة
14. By the age of 20, Melville was bored with the jobs he (does – has done – had been doing – is doing) and decided to look for adventure.
15. He (hadn't finished – hasn't finished – wasn't finishing – hadn't finished) his final novel about life at sea at the time of his death.
16. He felt ill because he (has eaten – had eaten – is eating – will eat) too much junk food.
17. By the time he arrived yesterday, the meeting (is – was – had been – has been) over.
18. After I had written the letter, I put a stamp on it and (taken – take – was taking – took) it to the post office.
19. After (read – had read – reading – reads) the instructions, I was able to use the machine.
20. There was some broken glass on the floor because someone (had broken – has broken – was breaking – is breaking) the window.